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US B-1B strategic bombers in drills with South Korea on same day … – KTVZ

By Junko Ogura, Emiko Jozuka, Tara Subramaniam, Yoonjung Seo and Heather Chen, CNN

US strategic bombers took part in joint air drills with South Korean forces on Sunday, the same day as North Korea carried out a suspected ballistic missile test, according to the South Korean military.

The exercise featured US B-1B strategic bombers, F-35A stealth fighters from the South Korean Air Force and F-16 fighters of the US Air Force, and was part of the Freedom Shield joint exercise, the military said in a press release.

News of the exercise came on the same day as North Korea launched a suspected ballistic missile into the sea between the Korean Peninsula and Japan, shortly after 11 a.m. local time, according to Japans Ministry of Defense and the South Korean army.

However, the South Korean Defense Ministry would not confirm if the air training drill with the US bombers took place before or after the missile launch.

The South Korea-US alliance maintains the best-combined defense posture in the face of North Koreas continued regional instability, the South Korean military said in its press release.

Going forward, we will realize Peace through Strength and enhance the credibility of the US extended deterrence based on the solid capabilities and posture of the alliance, it added.

The suspected ballistic missile launched by North Korea on Sunday reached a maximum altitude of approximately 50km (31 miles) and flew a distance of approximately 800km (497 miles), according to Japans defense ministry. It was fired from the Dongchang-ri area of North Pyongan province in North Korea and landed in the sea between the Korean Peninsula and Japan, according to the South Korean military.

After the missile landed, the Japan Coast Guard cautioned all vessels to await further information; to not approach fallen objects; and to report anything suspicious.

South Koreas Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) said the military had strengthened surveillance and vigilance in preparation for additional launches while maintaining a full readiness posture through close cooperation with the US.

North Korea often responds to what it views as provocations by the US by making bellicose threats. Its leader Kim Jong Un has accused the US and South Korea of increasing tensions with its joint military drills.

The latest launch follows a flurry of missile tests by North Korea, including one of a long-range ballistic missile on Thursday as leaders from South Korea and Japan met in Tokyo, and the firing of two cruise missiles from a submarine and two short-range ballistic missiles days before.

Both the Japanese and South Korean governments strongly condemned Sundays missile launch, which they said was a clear violation of UN Security Council resolutions.

Pyongyangs repeated launches threaten the peace and security of Japan, the region and the international community, Japans defense ministry said in a statement.

The springtime joint military exercises between the United States and South Korea are the biggest war games the allies have staged in five years.

Ahead of the 11-day Freedom Shield exercises, North Korea had threatened to take the toughest counteraction against the most vicious plots of the US and its followers.

On Saturday, North Korea claimed about 800,000 of its citizens had volunteered to join or reenlist in the nations military to fight against the United States.

The state newspaper Rodong Sinmun reported on Saturday that about 800,000 students and workers across the country had on Friday alone expressed a desire to enlist or reenlist in the military to counter the United States.

Experts say that in addition to the joint military exercises and the meeting this week between South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol and Japans leader Fumio Kishida, Pyongyang has taken exception to US President Joe Bidens plan to host Yoon and his wife at the White House next month.

The state visit will be the second of Bidens presidency, underscoring close ties between the US and South Korea, and will take place April 26. The conservative Yoon and his administration have made strengthening the US-South Korea alliance a key foreign policy priority. Biden, likewise, has sought to nurture the relationship, including with the symbolic marker of his trip to Seoul in May 2022, his first stop on his inaugural trip to Asia as president.

Leif-Eric Easley, a professor at Ewha Womans University in Seoul, told CNN recently that in response to the drills and the summits, Pyongyang might order missile firings of longer ranges, attempt a spy satellite launch, demonstrate a solid-fuel engine, and perhaps even conduct a nuclear test.

With previous reporting from CNNs Gawon Bae

March 20th, 2023

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The AI boom has created a new career: being an expert at talking to machines – EL PAS USA

Pau Mart Felip, 23, graduated with a degree in audiovisual communications. Two years ago, he started working as a video editor in a digital company. Over time, he saw his job change.

Thats how I became a prompt engineer, which is a creative and technological mix of giving instruction to AI, so that it can give you an answer, he explains.

The new artificial intelligence applications used to create images, text and soon video or music need to receive text requests for what we humans want. That request can range from a simple phrase (create some 10-minute stretches for people over 70) to an intricate eight-line instruction that includes details about an images colors and background.

People will need to understand the machine, says Mart Felip. Its like talking to an animal with whom most people dont know how to communicate. Were learning that language.

On LinkedIn, a search for prompt engineer and Spain yields only six profiles and one job offer. The offer is precisely from Mart Felips company Raona which is dedicated to digital transformation in companies.

This unique job offer for prompt engineers in Spain is proof of its exploratory nature. Back in February, an offer for a prompt engineer from a large startup in the US (with an enviable salary) went viral.

The job offer is to help Mart Felip. Hes well-aware that hes searching for candidates in deserted land.

At the moment, most resumes dont have AI skills. If you ask four questions about ControlNet or something more advanced, youll realize this, he sighs. But hes willing to settle:

Someone who wants to learn and is very creative is worth it.

Although it may seem striking, Raona is not looking for more computer scientists at the moment. Were full of programmers what we need is more creative people.

The appearance of the job of prompt engineer has sparked a debate about the professions feasibility and future. Even the most skeptical experts admit two things: its impossible to foresee anything in the AI field today and, in the short-term (two or three years), such work will be necessary.

The job offers for prompt engineers seem temporary to me, says Javi Lpez, an investor in AI startups. During a transition period, many specific people will need to be trained. But, in two or three years, [the job] will be trivial and the concept of prompt, as such, wont exist. Even a five-year-old child will be able to ask a machine for things out loud, he assures EL PAS.

But Lpez himself has, so far, obtained more than $27,000 in funding from 612 patrons towards an illustrated novel (made with AI) that will include a guide on how to get started and the descriptions (prompts) that he has used. That figure multiplies Lpezs initial forecast by almost five; theres certainly interest in exploring this world. Perhaps one day the requests will be simple but for now, Lpezs examples include bits like this string of code: Ultra-realistic, low angle, on a wooden table in a beautiful kitchen, Canon 5D, DSLR, portrait of 50mm, DOF, V-ray rendering, 8k, ray tracing, Goldenhour lighting, uplight, hard edge lighting.

Lpezs skepticism comes from his belief that professionals in each field will know how to handle intelligent machines. A new engineer wont be needed.

There were also Excel experts once [but] now all accountants are expected to know the tools of their trade. In the end, what will remain is not a prompt engineer per say, but rather someone who was a designer or artist before. The barriers to entry are going to be lowered: it will no longer take so much technique (drawing, lighting, photography), but rather, direction and selection, he opines.

Pablo Moreno-Muoz a researcher at the Technical University of Denmark also believes that the models will tend to be simplified over time, at least in three ways: One, training the tools with more data (images and text); two, hours of engineering to build models with greater capacity (number of parameters, size of neural networks); and three, training time and money spent on supercomputers, where AI will find more and more relationships between data, which will then allow it to generate better results from prompts.

The key distinction in this debate boils down to a simple question: will AI be able to understand what we mean like Google search does today or will the complex needs of a future video, image, tune or story still require specialists?

Perhaps a simple use of these tools will coexist with something more sophisticated. Today, you can search on Google, or be an SEO expert or you can be an expert in Photoshop, or simply apply a filter.

Simon Willison a programmer is an advocate of prompt engineering. He believes that prompt engineers will require in addition to strong communication skills something from a variety of disciplines to understand the deep learning that drives these models: linguistics, psychology, art history, computer security and philosophy.

How can we teach a language model the difference between truth and fiction? What is, in fact, the truth? Willison wonders.

Silviu Pitis a researcher at the University of Toronto also sees a clear future for this profession: As the models become stronger, we will still need humans to interact with them [and] teach them to communicate.

Mart Felips specific task is twofold: helping engineers to test the model theyre programming with for example, ChatGPT and then using it to obtain optimal results, or helping the client take advantage of it.

Training is another key issue. Mart Felip missed out on having learned some coding skills at university. But most of his training is a result of being self-taught.

Ive always been interested in AI. Ive been learning with tutorials on YouTube, Twitter and TikTok. In college, we should have done a bit more coding. I know programming basics, but I missed out on some more advanced Python. Although its [useful] to have the creative part for the design element, he explains.

Jessica Gutirrez an administrative assistant from Gijn is one of the six people in Spain who have added prompt engineer to their LinkedIn bio. Aside from her day job, she spends time writing for websites. The next step was logical.

If youre not learning to generate text, your copy work is going to become obsolete, she notes. I realized that four months after I started [looking into this] in the end, you find an ally in artificial intelligence although Ive come a long way to be able to position myself [in the field] as early as possible.

Her training also took place on the internet. Im self-taught, through trial and error, based on watching videos on YouTube, or on Twitch, she adds. Now, she sees a lot of new possibilities in the future.

Theres a lot of work needed to lay the foundations for job profiles. Participating in this environment is very useful to explore business and educational possibilities, she says although those around her dont see it that way.

People laugh. They dont think this [career] has a future. And they dont think the tool will generate everything I ask for. Between their laughs, I made this book, Gutirrez jokes, referring to the fact that she has prepared a recipe book: all the text and illustrations were created with AI.

I got the recipes in one afternoon. It took me longer with the illustrations, she details. If everything works out for her, shell produce a childrens version.

One of the wonders of this new kind of engineering is that knowing code is secondary a detail that lowers the barriers to entry. Andrej Karpathy a respected programmer who led Teslas AI department before rejoining OpenAI once tweeted: The most fashionable programming language is English.

Its possible, says Ignacio Peis, a researcher at the Carlos III University in Madrid, to classify English as a new programming language, since a few lines of text generate programming code routines. You might think that this is a new level of abstraction. However, the programming relationships between the spoken language and the generated code are not defined, they are not universal.

The same text entry can generate different codes, since were talking about probabilistic models, he clarifies.

English, therefore, doesnt always work as a programming language. But that doesnt prevent it from relating to the machine. In a certain way, it is programming, sums up Pitis.

As a requirement for strong AI, computers must be able to communicate with humans through natural language. If that interface becomes strong enough, we can teach them by talking to them normally, he adds.

Although English is a possible programming language, machines can beat humans at that as well. A recent study has tested this, with automated requests trying to improve a human request. In certain questions, the AI succeeds.

In the study, the authors note that were going to solve this step-by-step, to make sure that we have the correct answer.

The race to achieve the perfect request has only just begun, says Gutirrez, who frequently conducts his own tests.

You have to be very sure of the prompt. I write it down two or three times if I dont have all the details, I keep adding. I wont ask the machine until its perfect.

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The AI boom has created a new career: being an expert at talking to machines - EL PAS USA

March 20th, 2023

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Differentiating malignant and benign eyelid lesions using deep … – Nature.com

Study participants and data extraction

Patients with eyelid lesions were searched through a retrospective review of electronic medical records using international classification of diseases-10-clinical modification diagnosis codes (Supplementary Table S1) or operation codes at Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH). The diagnosis was annotated based on histopathological or clinical findings. All lesions were initially diagnosed by an experienced oculoplastic surgeon (SIK) based on the clinical characteristics. For biopsied lesions, the diagnosis was annotated based on a histopathological report. If the eyelid lesion had not been biopsied, clinical diagnosis was made based on agreement: Eyelid photographs were reviewed by another experienced oculoplastic surgeon (MJL) at the time of enrollment, and the diagnosis was confirmed when the diagnosis agreed with the initial diagnosis.

Eyelid or whole face photographs of these patients, which were taken from October 2004 to April 2020, were included in this study. Photographs were retrieved from the SNUH photograph database in JPEG format with a minimum pixel resolution of 1183690. Poor-quality photographs, photographs inadequate for clinical diagnosis, and postoperative photographs were excluded from the database. When the clinical diagnosis was inconsistent between the two oculoplastic surgeons, the cases were also excluded. In cases with whole face images, two eyelid photos were created by cropping a square with each eyelid separately. For patients with unilateral eyelid lesions, images of the contralateral eyelid photograph without any significant eyelid lesions were annotated as no lesion photographs. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of SNUH (No. 1805-175-949) and Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital (No. 2020-03-026). The protocol of this study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Boards of Seoul National University Hospital, in view of the retrospective nature of the study and the de-identification of patients data. Signed statements of informed consent to publish patient photographs were obtained from all identifiable persons.

All eyelid photos were classified into three categories based on a histopathologic diagnosis or a clinical diagnosis with expert agreement: malignant lesions, benign lesions, and no lesion categories. The entire dataset was divided into a training dataset and a test dataset with a ratio of 9:1 by random sampling. Dataset splitting was conducted for each class. Random selection was conducted using the patient ID as a key to avoid the simultaneous inclusion of the same patients image in the test and training datasets for each class. The training dataset was then further divided into a proper training dataset and a tuning dataset for training with a ratio of 8:1. In the test dataset, only one image was randomly selected per one patient for each class. This proper training/tuning split was applied three times, and the CNN model was trained and evaluated three times independently, using three different training and tuning datasets.

All images were resized into a single size format with a pixel resolution of 690460 and then normalized using the means ([0.485, 0.456, 0.406]) and standard deviation ([0.229, 0.224, 0.225]) of the ImageNet Dataset14. A contrast enhancement was applied using contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization15,16,17 in all channels of the image. The numbers of images in the malignant lesion and no lesion classes of the training dataset were much smaller than those of the benign lesion class training dataset, and thus the images in the malignant lesion and no lesion classes of the training dataset were augmented four times by zooming-in at 5%, 10%, and 20%. The entire training dataset was then further augmented twice through horizontal flipping (Supplementary Fig. S1). The Python libraries opencv (version 4.1.2) and imgaug (version 0.4.0; available at https://github.com/aleju/imgaug; accessed on November 3, 2020) were used for image preprocessing and augmentation.

We designed two types of eyelid image classification: a ternary classification (malignant lesion versus benign lesion versus no lesion) and a binary classification (malignant lesion versus benign lesion). For each design, two different CNN architectures, DenseNet-161 and EfficientNetV2-M, were adopted: the former as a widely-used model for medical images and the latter as a state-of-the-art model. The detailed features of the CNN architectures are described elsewhere18,19,20. Briefly, DenseNet is characterized by Denseblock, which concatenates the feature map of the previous layers18. EfficientNetV2 finds the optimal CNN architecture using neural architecture search like EfficientNet, and uses progressive learning which changes augmentation magnitude based on the image size19,20. The pre-trained models were downloaded from the pytorch website, and the links are as follows: https://pytorch.org/vision/stable/models/generated/torchvision.models.densenet161.html#torchvision.models.DenseNet161_Weights and https://pytorch.org/vision/stable/models/generated/torchvision.models.efficientnet_v2_m.html#torchvision.models.EfficientNet_V2_M_Weights (accessed on Aug 15, 2022).

DenseNet-161 and EfficientNetV2-M were pre-trained with the ImageNet dataset and fine-tuned unfixing the weights. We set all layers unfixed, so every layer was fine-tuned. Categorical cross-entropy was used as the loss function, and the Adam optimizer was applied21. The batch size was 3 because it was the maximum batch size that the GPU memory of our server could handle working with EfficientNetV2 model. The learning rate was initially 1e4, and then reduced by multiplying by 0.1 every 10 epochs until the learning rate reached 1e7. We adopted early stopping after the 30th epoch with a patience value of 30 according to the loss for the tuning dataset, or the validation loss value. In the training process, at epochs when the validation loss value was greater than the minimum validation loss so far, the model was not updated. Thus, the model that was saved at the epoch showing the minimum validation loss in the training stage was selected as the final model to prevent overfitting. The training server was implemented with six NVIDIA GTX 1080ti graphic processing units, dual Intel Xeon E5-2690 central processing units, 128GB RAM, and a customized water-cooling system.

After constructing the CNN models using the training dataset, the diagnostic performance of the models was evaluated using the test set. The main outcomes were the discrimination performance of the established CNN models for ternary or binary classification.

The diagnostic performances of the established CNN models and nine clinicians were compared. A panel of human clinicians was constructed, including three oculoplastic specialists, three board-certified ophthalmologists, and three ophthalmology residents.

To visualize the pixels of interest, a saliency map was created using a gradient-weighted class activation map (Grad-CAM). Grad-CAM uses the gradient information flowing into the last convolutional layer and is applicable without altering the CNN architecture22. It produces a localization heatmap overlapping the existing image, and its visualization outperforms previous approaches on interpretability and faithfulness to the original model.

The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the CNN model was calculated and compared using the DeLong test. In addition, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for a binary classification were calculated at the point having Youdens J statistic maximized. Analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 24.0. (IBM Co., New York, USA) and MedCalc version 19.0.4 (MedCalc Software Ltd., Ostend, Belgium).

Presented as an e-poster at the American Academy of Ophthalmology 2020 Virtual Meeting, November 2020.

Presented as an oral presentation at the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 51st Annual Fall Scientific Symposium.

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Differentiating malignant and benign eyelid lesions using deep ... - Nature.com

March 20th, 2023

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Top 8 SEO Certifications (Free & Paid) – Semrush

What Is SEO Certification?

You can earn an SEO certification from education platforms, digital marketing agencies, or other SEO-related businesses. SEO certificates are awarded after you complete the assessment at the end of a specific course.

Because there are no university degrees in SEO, certifications are a popular way to prove your knowledge of SEO basics. Especially if you are just starting your career as an SEO specialist.In this post, we'll examine the best free and paid SEO certificates. Read on.

The following are some of the best SEO certifications out there.

These companies and organizations have strong credentials. And their courses are thorough, well-structured, and taught by knowledgeable professionals.

Upon completion of any of these courses, you'll receive a certificate you can share with your prospective employers or on LinkedIn.

Best for: beginner and intermediate SEOs

Duration: 2 hours

Cost: free

Certificate: yes

Instructor(s): Brian Dean

At Semrush, we offer a full range of online courses and exams. A great place to start your SEO learning journey is the SEO Crash Course.

This course lays the groundwork for more advanced training in different areas of your expertise through the Semrush Academy.

After finishing the course, you can take the exam.If you pass, you'll be awarded a certificate:

Continuing to build on your knowledge by taking other Semrush courses, you can also try to get other certifications. Including ones for intermediate and advanced users and digital agencies.

Here are some other popular courses from Semrush Academy:

Best for: SEO beginners

Duration: 29 hours

Cost: free

Certificate: yes

Instructor(s): Rebekah May, Eric Enge

Google doesnt provide a Google SEO certification. If anyone claims they are a Google Certified SEO Specialist, they misspoke.

However, Google recommends a free online SEO certification course called Google SEO Fundamentals which is part of an SEO Specialization series created by the University of California, Davis, and powered by Coursera.

This course is broken down into four modules and takes about 29 hours to complete, with a certification offered after completing the final exam.

Each learning module includes a bite-sized video tutorial. And a quick quiz at the end to test your knowledge.

Tip: If you need to learn digital marketing basics, check out the free course by Google Digital Garage called Fundamentals of digital marketing.

Best for: SEO beginners

Duration: 4 hours

Cost: free

Certificate: yes

Instructor(s): Rachel Sheldon, Matthew Howells-Barby

This SEO Certification Course is given by HubSpot, a company known for its inbound marketing and sales software.

The video course, which lasts almost four hours, teaches SEO basics through six lessons, 25 videos, and five quizzes.

The well-produced videos cover topics like on-page SEO, technical SEO, keyword research, link building, optimization for rich snippets, and SEO reporting.

Tip: Also take HubSpot's Inbound Marketing Course, which is aimed at novices who want to learn more about inbound methodologies and strategies.

Best for: beginners to intermediate SEOs

Duration: 5 hours

Cost: $997

Certificate: yes

Instructor(s): Tommy Griffith

The SEO Training by ClickMinded has helped 8,702 startups, agencies, entrepreneurs and students learn SEO, get higher rankings, and more traffic.

This training includes the following:

ClickMinded also offers training in paid advertising, content marketing, email marketing, social media marketing, sales funnels, and web analytics.

Best for: beginner SEOs

Duration: 36 hours

Cost: free

Certificate: yes

Simplilearn is a leading certification training provider with over 400 courses in various areas. Within their platform called SkillUp, they offer free courses that help beginners build strong foundational skills for career growth.

The Advanced Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Program offers 36 hours of self-paced videos covering all the basics an SEO beginner needs to know. Topics include keyword research, competitive intelligence, website planning, and tips on how to build a career in SEO.

Best for: intermediate to advanced SEOs (or anyone who wants to learn Google Analytics 4)

Duration: 10 hours

Cost: free

Certificate: yes

The current version of Google AnalyticsUniversal Analyticswill stop processing data on July 1, 2023. It will be replaced by a next-generation analytics solution called Google Analytics 4.

Nows the time to learn the new platform so that you can smoothly transition.

Google is happy to help in this process. They created an interactive Google Analytics 4 Course on Skillshop that will help you get to know the new platform and earn an official Google Analytics Certification.

In a series of lectures, you'll learn how to set up a Google Analytics 4 property, how to use its various reporting tools, what the key measurement features are, and how to work with the data in the most effective way.

The full series takes up to 10 hours to complete.

Best for: beginner and intermediate SEOs

Duration: 3 hours

Cost: $99/year (includes other courses in the Yoast Academy + Yoast SEO Premium plugin)

Certificate: yes

Instructor(s): Joost de Valk and other SEO experts from Yoast

The All-around SEO Training is a simple, easy-to-digest video course by the creators of the world's most popular WordPress SEO pluginYoast.

The course includes over three hours of videos, sliced into 39 short clips. The lessons are taught by SEO professionals from Yoast, including their founder Joost de Valk.

You can test your knowledge with several quizzes throughout the course that will help you train your newly gained knowledge. You'll need at least an 80% score to pass each quiz.

After completing the course, you'll get an SEO certificate. And you'll be able to download actionable PDF files for further reference.

Best for: intermediate SEOs

Duration: 30+ hours of videos and 15+ hours of live online classes

Cost: paid; $1,199 for self-paced learning; $1,499 for the online boot camp (the price also varies based on your location)

Certificate: yes

Instructor(s): Matt Bailey

Market Motive, an internet marketing training company, offers their Advanced Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Certification Training to help master the process of organically driving traffic to your website by learning critical components such as keyword research, on-page and off-page optimization, and SEO analytics.

The course is provided in self-paced training and online boot camp formats. Those who would benefit most from this training are marketers, content writers, sales professionals, entrepreneurs, and business owners.

To get certified in advanced SEO, you need to complete three projects and one simulation test with a minimum score of 60%.

There are no minimum requirements to take the course, but Market Motive advises anyone interested to complete its SEO foundations course first.

An SEO certificate is a document that confirms that you have successfully completed an online SEO course or training. It is usually issued in the form of a PDF document so you can attach it to your CV or LinkedIn profile.

If you are just starting or want to improve your qualifications, a structured program taught by an SEO specialist can be a good idea.

If you already have a lot of SEO experience, clients, and proven SEO successes, you probably can do without it.

True SEO expertise comes through a combination of:

While SEO courses and certificates may be helpful, they are not enough to make you an SEO expert.

Google does not provide any kind of general SEO specialist certification. However, they do recommend some SEO courses and have their own learning platform called Digital Garage, where you can improve your knowledge in the areas of digital marketing, career development, and data analysis.

The costs for certifications range from nothing to thousands of dollars. The price tag does not always reflect the value of the course, so make sure to pick a course created by a reliable institution and taught by an industry-acknowledged SEO expert.

A simple way to get certified in SEO is to take some of the free courses provided by Semrush Academy.

You can take courses and get certifications in beginner SEO, advanced SEO, link building, competitive analysis, keyword research, content marketing, and much more.

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Top 8 SEO Certifications (Free & Paid) - Semrush

February 26th, 2023

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SEOtraining.com Membership Complete SEO Training Experience

The Bruce Clay SEO Training course is the heart of this membership program. With more than 15 hours of instruction, this course is eye-opening for students at every level. Heres what youll learn.

Think of a website as the "weapon" you bring to the search engine ranking battle to compete with other companies and brands. Site traffic is the job of SEO, which helps you biuld your online presence and generate traffic and leads from the web.