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Afghanistan is a death trap for reckless foreign invaders.

In 1842, the British suffered a humiliating defeat during a fighting retreat through winter snows. Their massacre marked the end of a three-year occupation of Afghanistan.

The Soviet Union repeated the British blunder. After a long, draining war, the Soviet Union withdrew in 1989, before dissolving two years later.

The U.S. and Saudi Arabia helped defeat the Soviets by establishing Madrassas. Those schools trained youth in Islamic terror and holy war. Osama bin Laden organized Al-Qaida as part of the effort. In the end, they defeated the Soviets. When Mikhail Gorbachev finally ordered a withdrawal, he called Afghanistan a bleeding wound.

Wise leaders dont invade Afghanistan. Its rugged terrain and brutal culture make it a death trap for nations. Its vast, remote regions are immune from fanciful schemes to modernize its primitive practices.

President George Bush ignored history and invaded Afghanistan in 2001. U.S. troops fought with admirable valor, skill and determination, but victory eluded them.

President Obama had campaigned on ending Americas fruitless wars. But after his election, he tripled U.S. troop strength in Afghanistan to its peak of 100,000. By the end of his presidency, he had reduced U.S. troop strength in a failed effort to withdraw.

War has raged for 16 years in Afghanistan, making it the longest war in American history; 2,400 GIs have been killed and 20,000 wounded. The war added a trillion dollars to our dangerously bloated debt. Today, 8,500 U.S. troops remain in Afghanistan yet the Taliban are resurgent.

Weve lost the war. Truthfully, it was lost the day it began. We installed corrupt governments and trained questionable soldiers to defend it. Those soldiers turned their guns on their American instructors with embarrassing frequency. We have little to show for 16 years of lost blood and treasure.

On the campaign trail, Donald Trump promised to draw down these wars. He appointed Lt. Gen. Michael Flynn as national security adviser. Flynn was a gifted officer who shared the presidents vision. But he was ousted, for essentially nothing, in a palace coup. The president then appointed Lt. Gen. H.R. McMaster as the new NSA. McMaster was inexplicably hired upon the recommendation of Trumps arch foe, Sen. John McCain.

McMaster insists on sending 4,000 more troops to bolster the flagging Afghan army. But what could 4,000 more troops accomplish that 100,000 troops could not?

If President Trump remains in Afghanistan, it will become his war. Trumps generals rose through the ranks by implementing the doctrine of regime change. Their advice isnt worth as much as he thinks.

Unless he wants to become known for the Bush/Obama/Trump Doctrine, President Trump will fold our tents and bring the troops home.

Republican Richard H. Black who flew 269 combat missions as a Marine pilot in Vietnam represents the 13th District (parts of Loudoun and Prince William counties) in the Virginia Senate. Contact him at District13@senate.virginia.gov.

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Richard H. Black column: End the long war in Afghanistan - Richmond.com

German and Canadian envoys reaffirm their countrys longstanding cooperation with the Afghan national security and defense forces in terms of fighting terrorism.

The German ambassador to Afghanistan on Thursday said that terrorist attacks on diplomatic institutions in Afghanistan will not deter the efforts of his government to bolster the peace process in Afghanistan. He said that sacrifices made by the Afghan security forces in the campaign against militancy were one of the reasons that Germany is continuing its work in Afghanistan. Meanwhile, the former minister of interior said that the interior ministry had referred at least 200 MoI officers to legal and judicial institutions on charges of corruption. He said that insurgents are wrong in their calculation about attacks on the diplomatic institutions, adding that the international forces will continue their mission in Afghanistan until peace and stability is restored. If terrorists think we are leaving, they are wrong, we will stay and we will continue to work with our Afghan friends and international partners for a peaceful future of this country. This was also the message of my president who came to Kabul a month ago, said German envoy Walter Hassman. The officials made the remarks during a ceremony to transfer the police mission from the German forces to the Canadian forces. Outgoing minister of interior affairs Taj Mohammad Jahed expressed his gratitude to the two countries for their support and cooperation and said that he had introduced a range of reforms over the past year.

Jahed warned against meddling by certain elements in the ministry of interior.

The audit department at the ministry of interior has processed 1,155 cases involving 270 officers - including seven generals and 177 high level officers who were referred to the attorney general and other legal and judicial institutions, said Jahed. In addition, the Canadian ambassador to Afghanistan Kenneth Neufeld pledged that his country will continue its support to Afghanistan and to the ministry of interior in terms of bringing reforms. We are humble to take over the co-chair role at this key moment when the ambitious reform plan for the Afghan national security forces, the four year road map, is well underway; as I repeat the sentiments of my German colleague and commend minister Jahed and the partners for the many reform steps that are already taken, said Neufeld. MoI believes that the implementation of the four-year security plan will help overcome security issues in the future.

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Foreign Envoys Vow Support for Peace in Afghanistan - TOLOnews

Then, on Monday her second child was born prematurely, a month early but otherwise healthy. There was no joy in her birth. For two days I could not even look at her, said Mumtaz, who like many rural Afghans uses only one name.

Most of Mumtazs own family, including her parents and all of her siblings, are now stuck in a Turkish refugee camp, unable to send her anything. She lives with her dead husbands family, who are just as poor, and now unable to work their fields for fear of being killed themselves.

Even if anyone wanted to help, Taliban insurgents have made her area of Kunduz impassable to aid groups and government officials.

This is the sad outcome to what was once hailed as an improbable success story in Afghanistans effort to eliminate violence against women. Mumtazs situation shows how difficult it is to protect women in the face of continuing conflict, in which chronic insecurity leads to the use of violence to enforce male prerogatives.

Mumtaz was the victim of a notorious 2011 acid attack. The leader of what was then a pro-government militia, who claimed she had been promised to him as his wife, became infuriated when she decided to marry someone else. With fellow militia members, he attacked her and her family, dousing Mumtaz, her two teenage sisters and her mother with acid and badly disfiguring Mumtazs face.

As horrific as that was, Mumtaz and her family at least saw some justice done for an act that normally would have gone unpunished. The authorities stepped in, using newly granted powers and stiff sentencing under the countrys landmark Elimination of Violence Against Women Act, and arrested four confederates of the militia leader, jailing them for 12 years with no hope of parole.

Mumtaz and one of her sisters were sent to India for facial reconstruction surgery. Despite her worst fears that her fianc would no longer want her, he married her when she returned. Three years later, their daughter Asma was born.

Five months ago, the spurned suitor who led the 2011 attack, Naseer, was caught and arrested and now faces a long prison sentence. That was when Mumtazs fortunes, which had been looking brighter, took a turn for the worse. Her struggles underscore how little control the national government has over large areas of Afghanistan.

Her familys village in rural Kunduz Province was overrun by the Taliban, and the militiamen who followed Naseer joined the insurgents; many of the numerous armed groups in Afghanistan change sides depending on who dominates their area.

Mumtazs father, Sultan Mohammed, refused demands from Naseers relatives to withdraw the charges against him and his men, so they kidnapped his older brother, who was released after village elders intervened.

Sultan Mohammed, badly beaten up by Naseers men, decided to flee his country. I could not fight them, and I could not stay there, so I took my entire family and escaped to Turkey, he said. I fled thinking they wont do any harm to my son-in-law and my daughter.

When Mumtaz became pregnant again early this year, she and her husband excitedly discussed names: He chose Amir Khan in case it was a boy, and said she could decide on the name for a girl.

But so far, the girl has no name; Mumtaz said she has been unable to choose one because she has been too distraught over the burden of another child to feed to think of a name. So nurses in the hospital gave the infant a temporary nickname, Husna.

Mumtaz said her husband, 27, had been on his way home last month from his work as a taxi driver when Naseers brother, Zabih, and another man, Baba, stopped Mr. Khan, dragged him out of the car and beat him to death with the butts of their rifles. Both men have been charged with murder but have not been arrested because the authorities cannot safely visit the area.

Now Mumtaz is sorry she ever pressed charges against her tormentors. I regret that I didnt pardon them before they killed my husband, she said. They had been begging for that, but we were late to do it, so it cost me the life of my husband.

Even before the new baby was born, her father said his daughters situation was hopeless. I dont know how she will cope with all that, he said. Her in-laws are not able to take revenge or protect her; they are very poor people. She needs to get out somehow.

Last week her husbands killers came back to their village, knocking on doors at night, trying to find her relatives.

The Kunduz office of Women for Afghan Women was involved in Mumtazs case early on and financed her plastic surgery.

Her case is one of our oldest ones, said Shamila Sahibzada, the organizations provincial director. We would very much like to have her under our protection, but unfortunately we have no access to her.

The police told the group they would try to rescue her but could not do so until the fighting in the area, now raging for more than two years, died down.

In the meantime, Mumtaz has no expectations. She said she has run out of medication to treat the chronic pain from some of her acid wounds, which were on her body as well as her face.

All her husband left her, other than the $28 and the powdered milk, was a carpet to sleep on. I have nothing left from him, but I still love him, she said. It is very hard to live like this. There is no one to share the pain with. I dont know what the future will be like for my daughters.

A version of this article appears in print on August 14, 2017, on Page A6 of the New York edition with the headline: An Afghan Story of Survival Takes a Dark Turn After 6 Years.

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Years After Acid Attack, an Afghan Story of Survival Takes a Dark Turn - New York Times

For 16 years, the United States has tried to stabilize and rebuild Afghanistan with a goal of preventing the war-torn country from once again being used as a launching pad for international terrorism as it was during the September 11 attacks.

But despite spending more than $600 billion and thousands of lives lost, American efforts in Afghanistan have largely fallen short of expectations and promises.

The situation in Afghanistan is incredibly shaky right now, said Lt. Col. Mike Waltz, a former Special Forces commander in Afghanistan and the Middle East. We are essentially partnered with the Afghans. And the Afghans are losing slowly.

PENTAGON TO SEND ALMOST 4,000 ADDITIONAL FORCES TO AFGHANISTAN, US OFFICIAL SAYS

As the Trump administration mulls its next move, experts say both Iran and Russia are actively trying to move in to shape Afghanistan in its favor.

Experts say the two American foes are trying to exert their influence over Afghanistans future as the U.S. debates what the new strategy should be for the U.S. mission there. According to U.S. and Afghan officials, both countries have stepped up their contacts with insurgent groups and are even training and arming them.

The top U.S. commander in Afghanistan, Gen John Nicholson Jr., has repeatedly warned about both countries growing influence.

Russia has become more assertive over the past year, overtly lending legitimacy to the Taliban to undermine NATO efforts and bolster belligerents using the false narrative that only the Taliban are fighting [ISIS], Gen. Nicholson told the U.S. Senate Armed Services committee in February. Similarly, neighboring Iran is providing support to the Taliban while also engaging the Afghan government over issues of water rights, trade, and security.

EVIDENCE OF RUSSIAN MILITARY SUPPORT FOR AFGHAN TALIBAN IS GROWING

A few months later, one of the Pentagons top Generals issued a similar though more tempered warning.

"I believe what Russia is attempting to do is they are attempting to be an influential party in this part of the world," Gen. Joseph Votel, chief of U.S. Central Command, told American lawmakers in March. "I think it is fair to assume they may be providing some sort of support to [the Taliban] in terms of weapons or other things that may be there."

After initially losing territory during the surge of American troops six years ago, the Taliban is gaining ground in areas once controlled by the U.S.-led NATO coalition and Afghan security forces. ISIS has also established a foothold in several parts of the country, as well.

Insurgents have gained ground in the wake of President Obamas decision to withdraw U.S. combat forces at the end of 2014. Both groups have launched a string of deadly attacks across the country this summer, and Afghan security forces have sustained huge losses among their ranks.

GEN. KEANE: RUSSIA MOVING ARMS THROUGH IRAN TO TALIBAN IN AFGHANISTAN

Unlike, Afghanistans troublesome neighbor, Pakistan, which directly supports the Taliban, it is not clear the extent of Russia and Irans involvement with insurgent groups.

We havent any indications that there are sanctuaries in Iran right now, said Hamdullah Mohib, the Afghan Ambassador to the U.S. told Fox News, But the ones in Pakistan continue to be a problem for Afghanistan.

Pakistan has long been the chief supporter of the Taliban. Admiral Mike Mullen, former chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, described the violent Taliban group, the Haqqani network, as a veritable arm of Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Agency,"

In order to deal with the growing problems in Afghanistan, the Pentagon has proposed sending roughly an additional 4,000 U.S. troops to train and assist Afghan Security forces.

"We are not winning in Afghanistan right now, Defense Secretary Jim Mattis told Congress in June. And we will correct this as soon as possible."

But the Trump administration, which promised a new strategy by the middle of July, is resisting that plan. Some in the White House, including President Trump, have questioned whether winning in Afghanistan is even possible.

Some security analysts are worried given the deteriorating security situation that the Trump Administration will simply walk away from the 16 years of American investment in Afghanistan.

The stakes are high. What we cant do is just walk away, said Waltz, who argues that the troop number sent to Afghanistan is secondary, and not nearly as important, as a public statement of continued commitment from President Trump. President Trump will then be to Afghanistan what President Obama was to Iraq.

The White House is expected to announce a new policy in the coming days. Afghan officials hope it will be one of continued support.

The United States and Afghanistan are fighting a common enemy, Mohib said. We have had a long partnership so far. We are hoping to be able to continue that.

Conor Powell joined FOX News Channel (FNC) in 2009 and serves as a Jerusalem-based foreign correspondent.

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Russia, Iran pushing their influence in Afghanistan as ...

HARI SREENIVASAN, PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND: This week, Senate Armed Services Committee Chairman John McCain offered a new strategy for the conflict in Afghanistan, the longest war in U.S. history. As part of next years defense budget, McCain calls for adding to the 8,400 American troops now deployed in Afghanistan and giving U.S. commanders greater authority to target Taliban insurgents and ISIS militants. McCain, an Arizona Republican, also criticized President Trump for having, quote, no strategy, unquote, after seven months in office.

The Pentagon has been pressing the White House for up to 5,000 more troops.

To discuss the options in Afghanistan, Im joined by Aaron OConnell, an associate professor of history at the University of Texas at Austin and the editor of Our Latest Longest War: Losing Hearts and Minds in Afghanistan.

OConnell is a former marine who served as an adviser to General David Petraeus when he commanded U.S. troops in Afghanistan. He later served as an assistant to the Joint Chiefs of Staff and on the National Security Council in the Obama administration.

So, first, theres this premise of the question on why or why were not winning the war in Afghanistan, and you write in a recent op-ed, its not necessarily ours to win. Explain that.

AARON OCONNELL, PROFESSOR OF HISTORY, UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN: Yes. Well, the war in Afghanistan is actually part of a number of wars five, to be exact. And three of them predate American involvement in the country. The most crucial of these is a three-century-long fight inside the Pashtun tribe between Kabuli elites and Kandahari elites and then people from the rural areas of Afghanistan. So, thats been going on for a long time, and nothing we can do is really going to change it.

SREENIVASAN: Considering the amount of blood and treasure that weve spilled there so far, what has been working?

OCONNELL: Yes, its important to note some things have been working. Limited counterterrorism strikes against key officials have been quite successful. Weve killed Osama bin Laden. Weve neutered the leadership of al Qaeda. And every time a new leader of the Afghan Taliban is named, we typically get him in a matter of months. So, selective counterterrorism strikes against key leaders works quite well.

Weve also had some success improving local health and education in Afghanistan. Weve extended the life expectancy of the ordinary Afghan by a decade. Thats a real accomplishment.

But the efforts to defeat the Taliban have been much less successful as have our efforts to improve Afghan governance.

SREENIVASAN: Why havent they been as successful?

OCONNELL: Well, its a complicated picture, Hari. First of all, the Taliban is not a transnational terrorist movement. It has no aspiration to attack United States. Thats important for your listeners to know.

But what they do have is really everything they need to fight indefinitely in Afghanistan. They have money from opium. The country is awash in arms.

They have networks for intimidating detractors. They have sanctuaries in Pakistan. And they have an almost unlimited supply of new recruits from the Pashtun areas whose life narratives really begin and end with defending Islam and rejecting foreign rule.

So, were learning what the Russians and the British learned before us, which is that the Pashtuns of Afghanistan have much greater strategic patience than we do, and the efforts weve taken to try to destroy or neuter that insurgency have not been successful.

SREENIVASAN: What about the space that Afghanistan occupies and Im almost thinking geographically the type of support or lack of concern on the part of Pakistan, or the amount of resources that are coming even across from Iran?

OCONNELL: Its important to know that this is a very important region for the United States. It has Pakistan, and anything you do in Pakistan affects India. It has Iran. Russia is involved, as well.

The interesting thing is, weve spent three-quarters of a trillion dollars in Afghanistan, and Afghanistan is the least important country for American interests in the region.

So, what were seeing here is actually a reuse of an old domino theory that some of your listeners might remember from Vietnam. Were in Afghanistan because we fear that losing in Afghanistan will precipitate state failure in Pakistan, a country with a fairly large radicalized Islamic population and nuclear weapons. So, the odd thing is that we are spending all of our time, attention and resources on Afghanistan when what were really concerned about is Pakistan. And furthermore, we are missing opportunities to partner with India.

SREENIVASAN: Is there a strategy there that would work? I mean, does John McCain have a better one than what the administration is putting out right now?

OCONNELL: Well, I dont know what the administration is putting out right now, and thats a big part of the problem. So, Senator McCain has made some very poignant and useful comments about what we should be doing in Afghanistan. Hes deeply invested, and a man with a true strategic wisdom about the U.S.s role in the world.

The really strange thing here is that were getting the fleshed out policy weve gotten on Afghanistan thus far is coming from a senator from Arizona. Its really important to note that what were doing in Afghanistan is not a military-only problem, and, therefore, theres only one man that can set our objectives there, and that man is the president. He needs to lead, and he hasnt led so far.

SREENIVASAN: Aaron OConnell from the University of Texas, Austin, thanks so much for joining us.

OCONNELL: Thank you.

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Criticizing Trump, McCain proposes new Afghanistan strategy - PBS NewsHour