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PRI GEN INT .MONTREAL FGN6 UN-ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE The United Nations needs to start regulating the Wild West' of artificial intelligence By Eleonore Fournier-Tombs, McGill University Montreal (Canada), Jun 1 (The Conversation) The European Commission recently published a proposal for a regulation on artificial intelligence (AI). This is the first document of its kind to attempt to tame the multi-tentacled beast that is artificial intelligence. The sun is starting to set on the Wild West days of artificial intelligence, writes Jeremy Kahn. He may have a point. When this regulation comes into effect, it will change the way that we conduct AI research and development. In the last few years of AI, there were few rules or regulations: if you could think it, you could build it. That is no longer the case, at least in the European Union. There is, however, a notable exception in the regulation, which is that is does not apply to international organisations like the United Nations. Naturally, the European Union does not have jurisdiction over the United Nations, which is governed by international law. The exclusion therefore does not come as a surprise, but does point to a gap in AI regulation. The United Nations therefore needs its own regulation for artificial intelligence, and urgently so. AI in the United Nations Artificial intelligence technologies have been used increasingly by the United Nations. Several research and development labs, including the Global Pulse Lab, the Jetson initiative by the UN High Commissioner for Refugees , UNICEF's Innovation Labs and the Centre for Humanitarian Data have focused their work on developing artificial intelligence solutions that would support the UN's mission, notably in terms of anticipating and responding to humanitarian crises. United Nations agencies have also used biometric identification to manage humanitarian logistics and refugee claims. The UNHCR developed a biometrics database which contained the information of 7.1 million refugees. The World Food Programme has also used biometric identification in aid distribution to refugees, coming under some criticism in 2019 for its use of this technology in Yemen. In parallel, the United Nations has partnered with private companies that provide analytical services. A notable example is the World Food Programme, which in 2019 signed a contract worth US$45 million with Palantir, an American firm specializing in data collection and artificial intelligence modelling. No oversight, regulation In 2014, the United States Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) awarded a US$20 billion-dollar contract to Palantir to track undocumented immigrants in the U.S., especially family members of children who had crossed the border alone. Several human rights watchdogs, including Amnesty International, have raised concerns about Palantir for human rights violations. Like most AI initiatives developed in recent years, this work has happened largely without regulatory oversight. There have been many attempts to set up ethical modes of operation, such as the Office for the Co-ordination of Humanitarian Affairs' Peer Review Framework, which sets out a method for overseeing the technical development and implementation of AI models. In the absence of regulation, however, tools such as these, without legal backing, are merely best practices with no means of enforcement. In the European Commission's AI regulation proposal, developers of high-risk systems must go through an authorization process before going to market, just like a new drug or car. They are required to put together a detailed package before the AI is available for use, involving a description of the models and data used, along with an explanation of how accuracy, privacy and discriminatory impacts will be addressed. The AI applications in question include biometric identification, categorisation and evaluation of the eligibility of people for public assistance benefits and services. They may also be used to dispatch of emergency first response services all of these are current uses of AI by the United Nations. Building trust Conversely, the lack of regulation at the United Nations can be considered a challenge for agencies seeking to adopt more effective and novel technologies. As such, many systems seem to have been developed and later abandoned without being integrated into actual decision-making systems. An example of this is the Jetson tool, which was developed by UNHCR to predict the arrival of internally displaced persons to refugee camps in Somalia. The tool does not appear to have been updated since 2019, and seems unlikely to transition into the humanitarian organization's operations. Unless, that is, it can be properly certified by a new regulatory system. Trust in AI is difficult to obtain, particularly in United Nations work, which is highly political and affects very vulnerable populations. The onus has largely been on data scientists to develop the credibility of their tools. A regulatory framework like the one proposed by the European Commission would take the pressure off data scientists in the humanitarian sector to individually justify their activities. Instead, agencies or research labs who wanted to develop an AI solution would work within a regulated system with built-in accountability. This would produce more effective, safer and more just applications and uses of AI technology. (The Conversation) AMS AMS 06011028 NNNN

(Only the headline and picture of this report may have been reworked by the Business Standard staff; the rest of the content is auto-generated from a syndicated feed.)

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The UN needs to start regulating the Wild West of artificial intelligence - Business Standard

SAN FRANCISCO, June 1, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- The global artificial intelligence in healthcare marketsize is expected to reach USD 120.2 billion by 2028 and is expected to expand at a CAGR of 41.8% over the forecast period, according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc. Growing technological advancements coupled with an increasing need for efficient and innovative solutions to enhance clinical and operational outcomes is contributing to market growth. The pressure for cutting down spending is rising globally as the cost of healthcare is growing faster than the growth of economies. Advancements in healthcare IT present opportunities to cut down spending by improving care delivery and clinical outcomes. Thus, the demand for AI technologies is expected to increase in the coming years.

Key suggestions from the report:

Read 150 page research report with ToC on "Artificial Intelligence In Healthcare Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Component (Software Solutions, Hardware, Service), By Application (Robot Assisted Surgery, Connected Machines, Clinical Trials), And Segment Forecasts, 2021 - 2028" at:https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/artificial-intelligence-ai-healthcare-market

Moreover, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of technologically advanced products to improve patient care are factors anticipated to drive growth further in the coming years. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is further driving the adoption of AI in various applications such as clinical trials, diagnosis, and virtual assistants to add value to health care by analyzing complicated medical images of patient's complications and supporting clinicians in detection as well as diagnosis. Moreover, an increase in the number of AI startups coupled with high investments by venture capitalist firms for developing innovative technologies that support fast and effective patient management, due to a significant increase in the number of patients suffering from chronic diseases, is driving the market.

In addition, the shortage of public health workforce has become a major concern in many countries around the world. This can mainly be attributed to the growing demand for physicians, which is higher than the supply of physicians. As per the WHO estimates in 2019, the global shortage of skilled personnel including nurses, doctors, and other professionals was approximately 4.3 million. Thus, the shortage of a skilled workforce is contributing to the demand for artificial intelligence-enabled systems in the industry.

Grand View Research has segmented the global artificial intelligence in the healthcare market on the basis of component, application, and region:

Find more research reports on Healthcare IT Industry, by Grand View Research:

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About Grand View Research

Grand View Research, U.S.-based market research and consulting company, provides syndicated as well as customized research reports and consulting services. Registered in California and headquartered in San Francisco, the company comprises over 425 analysts and consultants, adding more than 1200 market research reports to its vast database each year. These reports offer in-depth analysis on 46 industries across 25 major countries worldwide. With the help of an interactive market intelligence platform, Grand View Research helps Fortune 500 companies and renowned academic institutes understand the global and regional business environment and gauge the opportunities that lie ahead.

Contact: Sherry James Corporate Sales Specialist, USA Grand View Research, Inc. Phone: 1-415-349-0058 Toll Free: 1-888-202-9519 Email: [emailprotected]Web: https://www.grandviewresearch.comFollow Us: LinkedIn| Twitter

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Artificial Intelligence In Healthcare Market Worth $120.2 Billion By 2028: Grand View Research, Inc. - PRNewswire

The Department of Information Technology, National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NIT-K), Surathkal, has decided to start a new four-year B.Tech. course in Artificial Intelligence from the academic year 2021-22.

The Academic Senate, Board of the institute and the Union Ministry of Education have approved the course. Admissions will be through JEE (Main) score.

Karanam Uma Maheshwar Rao, Director, NIT-K, said in a release on Thursday that this degree would prepare students for industry or further study by offering specialisations in different areas of AI such as data science, human-centred computing, cyber-physical systems, and robotics.

Its curriculum will focus on the use of inputs such as video, speech, and big data to make decisions or enhance human capabilities.

Prof. Rao added: This specialisation empowers students to build intelligent machines, software, or applications with state-of-the-art technology using machine learning, data analytics, and data visualisation technologies.

The Director said that earlier Artificial Intelligence was a subset of Computer Science, but in recent years Artificial Intelligence has grown enough to qualify as a distinctive and a bigger unit. As a result, job opportunities for the undergraduates of B.Tech (AI) courses are different from conventional IT jobs.

He added that the new course is in conformance with the National Education Policy 2020, which stresses the need to improve the skilled workforce involving mathematics, computer science, and data science, in conjunction with multidisciplinary abilities across the sciences, social sciences, and humanities.

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NIT-K to introduce B.Tech in Artificial Intelligence - The Hindu

Imagine for a second that you are reading an article, another article, not this one.

And that article is very well written, it is intriguing, it raises questions and counters with smart, thorough answers.

I have to know who the writer is! you tell yourself. You look next to the title and it is saying:Written by Jimmy an Artificial Intelligence Machine.

First, you dont understand, but you soon remember that there is this new AI (Artificial Intelligence) software that can write full-length articles. Well, not only articles, it can write novels, and even, deeply moving poems.

How does that make you feel? Knowing that a machine, a very smart one, had you moved this way? Made you laugh, made you cry, made you so very happy. Does it matter to you?

You might say: what do I care? As long as it helped me feel a certain way.

Well, if you are a writer, you do care. It is your job. You get paid to write, and if it takes a machine a few seconds to outwork you, then you are in trouble.

Let me tell you this though. You might be in another profession, another kind of artist, maybe a programmer, soon, if not already, there will be an AI software that can do what you do. Just faster. Much faster. So, what will you do when that happens?

You will be the person in charge of making sure the machine works properly. Until they invent a machine for that, and you will be the one making sure the machine, that oversees the other machine, is working properly. And it keeps ongoing.

In our current landscape, some of us get very excited when we hear about the new AI invention that is going to make our world much more productive. But lets not forget, this usually means that someone out there might need to adjust and find another thing to do in this world.

Dont get me wrong, there is some extremely amazing AI software out there that is extremely helpful for human lives. Most of them have much more pros than cons. And the world is surely in constant evolution.

With that being said, maybe we need to find a way to measure specific pros and cons to every new AI invention. This can help us know which is more likely to make our world better for us human beings, animals, plants, and trees.

We have to gain some rational clarity and morality on this subject. Because if dont, then there will be a machine that will make these decisions for us.

And that machine might be so smart, it decides, on its own, to make decisions based on what is better for its own sake.

Omri Hurwitz is a Tech Marketer and Media Strategist. His client portfolio consists of some of the leading companies and start-ups in Tech. He also has a show where he interviews leading personas from a variety of industries, to talk about the mental and mindful side of his guests and how it helps them in their personal & professional lives.

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What We Should Know About Artificial Intelligence | Omri Hurwitz | The Blogs - The Times of Israel

BAGHDAD The United States is grappling with a rapidly evolving threat from Iranian proxies in Iraq after militia forces specialized in operating more sophisticated weaponry, including armed drones, have hit some of the most sensitive American targets in attacks that evaded U.S. defenses.

At least three times in the past two months, those militias have used small, explosive-laden drones that divebomb and crash into their targets in late-night attacks on Iraqi bases including those used by the C.I.A. and U.S. Special Operations units, according to American officials.

Gen. Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr., the top American commander in the Middle East, said last month that the drones pose a serious threat and that the military was rushing to devise ways to combat them.

Iran weakened by years of harsh economic sanctions is using its proxy militias in Iraq to step up pressure on the United States and other world powers to negotiate an easing of those sanctions as part of a revival of the 2015 nuclear deal. Iraqi and American officials say Iran has designed the drone attacks to minimize casualties that could prompt U.S. retaliation.

Michael P. Mulroy, a former C.I.A. officer and top Middle East policy official at the Pentagon, said that with technology provided by Irans Quds Force the foreign-facing arm of Irans security apparatus the drones are rapidly becoming more sophisticated at a relatively low cost.

The drones are a big deal, one of the most significant threats our troops there face, he said.

A senior Iraqi national security official said the drones posed a challenge, but were tools, not the heart of the problem.

This is a means of pressure, said the official, who asked not to be identified so he could speak freely about Iran. Iran is suffocating economically. The more it suffers the more these attacks increase, he added. The problem is the conflict between the U.S. and Iran.

Iran has used proxy militias in Iraq since 2003 to influence Iraqi politics and threaten the United States outside its borders.

Since late 2019, Iran-backed Iraqi Shiite militias have conducted more than 300 attacks against U.S. interests, killing four Americans and about 25 others, mostly Iraqis, according to a Defense Intelligence Agency assessment published in April. In the last year, a proliferation of previously unknown armed groups have emerged, some claiming responsibility for rocket attacks on U.S. targets.

The increased precision of the drone strikes this year marks an escalation from the more common Katyusha rocket attacks that U.S. officials have viewed more as harassment. Those attacks, launched from mobile launchers, have been aimed at the U.S. Embassy in Baghdads Green Zone and military bases where some 2,500 U.S. forces and thousands of American military contractors operate.

In contrast, some American analysts say that the militants are now targeting sites, even specific aircraft hangars, where sophisticated armed MQ-9 Reaper drones and contractor-operated turboprop surveillance aircraft are stationed in an attempt to disrupt or cripple the U.S. reconnaissance capability critical to monitoring threats in Iraq.

The United States has used Reapers for its most sensitive strikes, including the killing of Irans top security and intelligence commander, Maj. Gen. Qassim Suleimani, and Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, a senior Iraqi government official and a leader of Iraqs militia groups, in Baghdad in January 2020.

While the United States has installed defenses to counter rocket, artillery and mortar systems at installations in Iraq, the armed drones fly too low to be detected by those defenses, officials said.

Shortly before midnight on April 14, a drone strike targeted a C.I.A. hangar inside the airport complex in the northern Iraqi city of Erbil, according to three American officials familiar with the matter.

No one was reported hurt in the attack, but it alarmed Pentagon and White House officials because of the covert nature of the facility and the sophistication of the strike, details of which were previously reported by The Washington Post.

A similar drone attack in the early morning hours of May 8 on the sprawling Ayn al-Asad air base in western Anbar Province where the United States also operates Reaper drones also raised concerns among American commanders about militias shifting tactics. The attack caused no injuries but damaged an aircraft hangar, according to Col. Wayne Marotto, a spokesman for the U.S.-led coalition in Iraq.

Three days later, another drone struck just after midnight at an airfield in Harir, north of Erbil, that is used by the militarys highly secretive Joint Special Operations Command. The explosive-laden drone crashed, causing no injuries or damage, coalition officials said, but fueled the growing worries.

While many attacks against U.S. targets almost immediately generate claims of responsibility from militias, the more complex and longer-range drone strikes have not, a further indication that Iran is behind them, according to the American officials and independent analysts.

There is increasing evidence that Iran is trying to have or has created some special groups, new ones that are able to conduct very sophisticated attacks against the U.S. interests, said Hamdi Malik, an associate fellow with the Washington Institute for Near East Policy who focuses on Shiite militias.

U.S. forces in Iraq operate under strict Iraqi guidelines focused on fighting the Islamic State or ISIS. Iraq requires the U.S.-led coalition obtain approval to run surveillance drones, which are focused on parts of Iraq where there are still ISIS pockets and generally puts the entire south of the country, a militia stronghold, off limits.

There have been no U.S. forces or diplomats based south of Baghdad since the U.S. closed its consulate in the city of Basra three years ago, citing Iranian threats.

Its a very successful way to attack, said Michael Pregent, a senior fellow at Hudson Institute and a former U.S. intelligence officer deployed in Iraq. It allows these attacks to be launched from areas outside of the U.S. military presence in Iraq.

Mr. Pregent said satellite surveillance, by its nature, could be used to cover other parts of Iraq only for limited times and could not track moving targets.

In addition to the attacks on American targets in Iraq, an armed drone believed to have been launched from the south of Iraq hit the Saudi royal palace in Riyadh in January. Saudi Arabia and Iran are longtime archrivals for regional power and influence and at groundbreaking talks between them in Baghdad in April, the Saudis demanded that Iran stop those attacks, according to Iraqi officials.

While visiting northeastern Syria last month, General McKenzie, the top American commander for the region, said military officials were developing ways to disrupt or disable communications between the drones and their operators, bolster radar sensors to identify approaching threats more rapidly, and find effective ways to down the aircraft.

In each of the known attacks in Iraq, at least some of the drones remnants have been partially recovered, and preliminary analyses indicated they were made in Iran or used technology provided by Iran, according to the three American officials familiar with the incidents.

These drones are larger than the commercially available quadcopters small helicopters with four rotors that the Islamic State used in the battle of Mosul, but smaller than the MQ-9 Reapers, which have a 66-foot wingspan. Military analysts say they carry between 10 and 60 pounds of explosives.

Iraqi officials and U.S. analysts say that while cash-strapped Iran has reduced funding for major Iraqi militias, it has invested in splitting off smaller, more specialized proxies still operating within the larger militias but not under their direct command.

American officials say that these specialized units are likely to have been entrusted with the politically delicate mission of carrying out the new drone strikes.

Iraqi security commanders say groups with new names are fronts for the traditional, powerful Iran-backed militias in Iraq such as Kataib Hezbollah and Asaib Ahl al-Haq. Iraqi officials say Iran has used the new groups to try to camouflage, in discussions with the Iraqi government, its responsibility for strikes targeting U.S. interests, which often end up killing Iraqis.

The Iraqi security official said members of the smaller, specialized groups were being trained at Iraqi bases and in Lebanon as well as in Iran by the hard-line Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps which oversees proxy militias in the Middle East.

American and Iraqi officials and analysts trace the increased unpredictability of militia operations in Iraq to the U.S. killing of General Suleimani and the Iraqi militia leader.

Because the Iranian control over its militias has fragmented after the killing of Qassim Suleimani and Abu Mahdi Muhandis, the competition has increased among these groups, said Mr. Malik, the Washington Institute analyst.

Jane Arraf reported from Baghdad and Eric Schmitt from Washington. Falih Hassan contributed reporting.

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Irans Proxies in Iraq Threaten U.S. With More Sophisticated Weapons - The New York Times