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Quantum computing may seem like science fiction, but it may come sooner than expected.

On Jan. 11, 2024, the World Economic Forum identified artificial intelligence (AI) and quantum computing as emerging threats in a report exploring how quantum computing could threaten the existing tech landscape.

While computer scientists and developers agree that quantum computing will still take some years to develop, research in the field is very active.

In the public sector, all G7 countries are actively involved in quantum computing projects. In the private sector, seven of the top 10 tech companies are either publicly competing for market dominance in involved in some capacity, according to Quantum Resistant Ledger.

So when will quantum computing become potent enough to threaten contemporary cryptography systems, like those safeguarding cryptocurrencies?

According to a December 2023 report from Reuters, Tilo Kunz, executive vice president of cybersecurity firm Quantum Defen5e (QD5), told officials at the Defense Information Systems Agency that Q-day the day quantum computing can break current security standards could come as soon as 2025.

Major organizations in the finance world have noticed. In June 2023, the Bank for International Settlements started its Project Leap, which aims to develop quantum-proof payment systems with the Bank of France and Deutsche Bundesbank.

So, with ominous forecasts and central banks scrambling to safeguard payments, how can the blockchain and crypto industry prepare for Q-day? Is anyone prepared?

David Chaum, a renowned computer scientist and founder of post-quantum resistant blockchain XX Network, explained to Cointelegraph how quantum computing can vaporize a blockchain.

Quantum computing could compromise the SHA-256 algorithm the cryptographic hash function that serves as the primary wall of defense for securing access to blockchain-based assets like cryptocurrencies.

Subsequently, quantum computers could break the blockchains consensus by creating fake messages, which could jam the consensus protocol. Chaum said:

They could also effortlessly crack private keys, making funds vulnerable to theft.

Vitalik Buterin, co-founder of the Ethereum network, introduced a possible solution to blockchains quantum challenge.

On March 9, 2024, Buterin proposed a solution involving a hard fork, opening a debate on how to prepare the blockchain for a quantum emergency.

Buterin explained that quantum computers could crack an Ethereum account and reveal the private key by using the public key alone.

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As Buterin explained, the only Ethereum accounts safe from a quantum attack would be wallets that have never completed a transaction, as they wouldnt have exposed their public key.

Of course, this is not a common practice among crypto holders, so nearly all wallets would be in jeopardy.

For Buterin, the technology required to make Ethereum immune to a quantum attack could be developed tomorrow:

Buterins proposed solution is based on proving ownership of crypto assets or a wallet by applying a backup key as a fallback.

The concept was introduced in 2021 in the paper W-OTS(+) up my Sleeve! A Hidden Secure Fallback for Cryptocurrency Wallets by cryptographers Chaum, Mario Larangeira, Mario Yaksetig and William Carter, who proposed a key generation mechanism where users can generate a backup key, which is securely nested inside the secret key of a signature scheme.

In the event of a secret key leak, the backup key would generate proof of ownership and recuperate their funds in an updated quantum-resistant blockchain essentially through a hard fork in the blockchain.

Therefore, if a quantum emergency emerges, users would download a new wallet software and prove their ownership with the fallback. Buterin mentioned how only a few users would lose their funds in this procedure.

The hypothetical hard fork would roll back the Ethereum network to the block where the large-scale theft occurred.

Chaum claimed that Buterins solution isnt perfect and could create some turbulence for Ethereum users.

As Chaum explained, if Ethereum does not implement a quantum resistance mechanism before a quantum attack, the emergency solution suggested by Buterin will force the chain to be reconstituted.

The cryptographer explained that a new chain with quantum-resistant measures built into its core would need to be built. Once that is achieved, the assets may be moved to a new wallet in the new chain.

During this process, the Ethereum blockchain would need to be paused for an unknown time until its restored to a new quantum-resistant blockchain. Chaum said that this procedure could take years.

He said that the consequences of the sudden halt of one of the most active blockchains should not be underestimated, stating that it could be catastrophic.

John Woods, chief technology officer at the Algorand Foundation, told Cointelegraph that, while he believes Buterin is hyper-competent, he feels Ethereum could take a step further: Its evident that this post represents an emergency plan of action and not an elegant transition into a post-quantum cryptography era for Ethereum.

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Algorand implemented a post-quantum mechanism using Falcon signatures, one of the three signing algorithms the National Institute of Standards and Technology selected for standardization.

Woods encouraged Ethereum to adopt Falcon to foster interoperability as its implementation is not limited to Algorand and holds potential for adoption by various other distributed ledger technologies, blockchains and related systems.

Ethereum seems to have established an emergency protocol to survive if a quantum emergency is detected.

However, the emergency solution has serious caveats, which should make the Ethereum developer community focus firmly on developing quantum-resistant measures before Q-day arrives.

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Q-Day approaching: Can Ethereum survive a quantum emergency? - Cointelegraph

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BERKELEY, Calif., April 26, 2024 Rigetti Computing, Inc., a pioneer in full-stack quantum-classical computing, announces the launch of the Novera QPU Partner Program. The Novera QPU Partner Program is an ecosystem of quantum computing hardware, software and service providers who build and offer integral components of a functional quantum computing system.

Novera QPU customers who need control systems, a dilution refrigerator, quantum computing software tools, or integration services can integrate their Novera QPU with Novera QPU Partners technology with the assurance of compatibility and quality.

The founding members of the Novera QPU Partner Program include some of Rigettis most long-time partners and are leaders in their respective areas of quantum computing technology:

Rigetti intends on growing the Novera QPU Partner Program with additional partners on an ongoing basis.

The Novera QPU is a 9-qubit quantum processing unit (QPU) based on the Companys fourth generation Ankaa-class architecture featuring tunable couplers and a square lattice for denser connectivity and fast 2-qubit operations. The Novera QPU is manufactured in Rigettis Fab-1, the industrys first dedicated and integrated quantum device manufacturing facility.

The Novera QPU includes all of the hardware below the mixing chamber plate (MXC) of a dilution refrigerator. In addition to a 9-qubit chip with a 33 array of tunable transmons, a 5-qubit chip with no tunable couplers or qubit-qubit coupling which can be used for developing and characterizing single-qubit operations on a simpler circuit, the Novera QPU components include:

While a QPU is the core of a quantum computer, in order to have a functioning quantum computing system, the installation must also include (1) a dilution refrigerator and (2) a control system. Depending on a customers research goals, system requirements, and use cases, there are also a variety of quantum software and integration resources that can be integrated with the Novera QPU.

Dr. Subodh Kulkarni, Rigetti CEO, said: With the Novera QPU, we have a unique opportunity to support the development of on-premises quantum computing capabilities worldwide. At Rigetti, we are experts at overcoming the challenges of building, installing, and supporting a quantum computing system. After a decade in the quantum computing industry, weve also forged long lasting partnerships with world-leading quantum technology companies whose collaborations and expertise helped us advance our capabilities even further. We want to empower Novera QPU customers with an ecosystem of our trusted partners to support their own quantum computing research pursuits, and to help prepare us for a quantum-ready society.

Nir Minerbi, Classiq CEO, said: Quantum computing relies on bringing together a collection of technologies in order to achieve the best fitting and performing solution. Classiq is proud to be providing efficient, scalable quantum computing software to facilitate best-practice algorithm development with Novera.

Joe Fitzsimons, Horizon Quantum Computing CEO, said: Rigetti was one of the pioneers of cloud-based quantum computing, and we are delighted to partner with them as Rigetti processors begin to power on-premises systems. As the industry pushes towards quantum advantage, a strong ecosystem and close collaboration between hardware and software efforts is more important than ever. The Novera QPU Partner Program is a welcome new instrument for building collaboration and allowing for tight integration between technologies at all levels of the quantum computing stack.

Bernhard Frohwitter, ParTec AG CEO, said: The Novera QPU Partner Program is an essential building block in ParTecs strategy of becoming a quantum computing system integrator, building full-stack solutions using a component-based design that relies on a supply chain of quantum technology providers. ParTec looks forward to integrating the Novera QPU in our holistic quantum computer solutions and working with customers on unleashing its potential.

Mandy Birch, CEO of TreQ said: TreQ is delighted to partner with Rigetti to build and operate on-premises quantum computing systems that include the Novera QPU. We look forward to supporting pathfinders around the world who are expediting useful and usable next-gen computing infrastructure to elevate their businesses, institutions, and communities.

Among the early adopters of small-scale, high performing QPUs like the Novera QPU, are government agencies. The first two Novera QPU sales were to leading US government labs the Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Center (SQMS) led by Fermilab, and the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL). Rigetti also recently sold a Novera QPU to Horizon Quantum Computing for their first quantum computing system, to be installed in their new hardware testbed in Singapore. Quantum computing researchers across academia and industry are also beginning to invest in this technology as it is a promising resource to advance quantum computing workforce development.

The Novera QPU Partner Program launch follows Rigettis recent achievements with its larger-scale Ankaa-class quantum systems. Rigettis 84-qubit Ankaa-2 system, which is available over the cloud via Rigettis Quantum Cloud Services (QCS) cloud computing platform, recently achieved a 98% median 2-qubit gate fidelity. This performance marks a 2.5X increase in error performance compared to the Companys previous QPUs. Rigetti was also recently awarded an Innovate UK competition to deliver a 24-qubit Ankaa-class quantum computing system to the UKs National Quantum Computing Centre.

About Rigetti

Rigetti is a pioneer in full-stack quantum computing. The Company has operated quantum computers over the cloud since 2017 and serves global enterprise, government, and research clients through its Rigetti Quantum Cloud Services platform. The Companys proprietary quantum-classical infrastructure provides high performance integration with public and private clouds for practical quantum computing. Rigetti has developed the industrys first multi-chip quantum processor for scalable quantum computing systems. The Company designs and manufactures its chips in-house at Fab-1, the industrys first dedicated and integrated quantum device manufacturing facility.

Source: Rigetti

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Rigetti Computing Launches the Novera QPU Partner Program - HPCwire

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Quantum computers that are more powerful than the fastest supercomputers could be closer than experts have predicted, researchers from startup Nord Quantique argue.

That's because the company has built an individual error-correcting physical qubit that could dramatically cut the number of qubits needed to achieve quantum advantage (which is where quantum computers are genuinely useful).

Eventually, this could lead to a machine that achieves quantum supremacy where a quantum computer is more powerful than classical computers.

Unlike classical bits that encode data as 1 or 0, qubits rely on the laws of quantum mechanics to achieve "coherence" and encode data as a superposition of 1 or 0 meaning data is encoded in both states simultaneously.

In quantum computers, multiple qubits can be stitched together through quantum entanglement where qubits can share the same information no matter how far they are separated over time or space to process calculations in parallel, while classical computers can only process calculations in sequence.

But qubits are "noisy," meaning they are highly prone to interference from their environment, such as changes in temperature, which leads to high error rates. For that reason, they often need to be cooled to near absolute zero, but even then they can still fall into "decoherence" midway through calculations and fail due to external factors.

Related: How could this new type of room-temperature qubit usher in the next phase of quantum computing?

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This high error rate means a quantum computer would need to have millions of qubits to achieve quantum supremacy. But today's most powerful quantum computers contain just 1,000 qubits.

This is why research is heavily focused on reducing qubit error rate. One way to reduce errors is by building a "logical qubit," in which several qubits are entangled to behave as one effective, error-free qubit during calculations. This relies on redundancy a concept in computer science in which the same data is stored in multiple places.

Scientists at Nord Quantique have taken a different approach, instead designing an individual physical qubit, then applying "bosonic codes" during operation to reduce errors at the individual qubit level. They outlined their findings in a study published April 12 in the journal Physical Review Letters. Bosonic codes are error-correcting codes designed specifically for systems that use bosonic modes such as photons. They exploit bosons' quantum properties to protect information against errors.

Nord Quantique's scientists built one "bosonic qubit," which is around the size of a walnut, from up to 10 microwave photons, or light particles, that resonate in a highly pure superconducting aluminum cavity which is cooled to near absolute zero.

The bosonic codes were then applied while calculations were underway to correct two types of quantum errors "bit-flips," or when 0s and 1s are read as each other; and "phase-flips," when the probability of a qubit being either positive or negative is flipped.

Their bosonic codes extended the coherence time of individual qubits by 14%, which the scientists said is the best result to date. Simulations also showed that error correction is not only viable but likely to be stronger when adding additional qubits to the existing single qubit, scientists wrote in their paper.

Using just hundreds of these qubits in a quantum computer could lead to quantum advantage rather than the millions of qubits scientists have previously thought we would need, study co-author and Nord Quantique's chief technology officer, Julien Camirand Lemyre, told Live Science. The increased qubit lifetime, thanks to the design, coupled with claimed operational clock speeds of up to 1,000 times more than comparable machines, means vastly more calculations can be performed in this short window. It means the "overhead" of redundant qubits is not required versus a machine that uses no error correction or even one with logical qubits.

Other companies, such as Quantinuum and QuEra, are using different approaches to reduce the error rate, but most rely on logical qubits. Lemyre argued his company's approach is better than this "brute force" method.

"Nord Quantique's approach to building qubits involves building the redundancy necessary for error correction directly into the hardware that makes up each physical qubit. So, in a sense we are making physical qubits into logical qubits through a combination of our unique architecture and use of what we call bosonic codes," Lemyre said.

Still, obstacles to quantum supremacy remain. Lemyre noted that larger quantum computers will need "a handful of physical qubits" to correct the few errors the bosonic codes miss.

The company's next step is to finish building a system, expected by Fall of this year, with multiple error-correcting physical qubits. If everything goes to plan, Nord Quantique is hoping to release a quantum computer with about 100 of these qubits by 2028, Lemyre said.

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Quantum computing breakthrough could happen with just hundreds, not millions, of qubits using new error-correction ... - Livescience.com

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In 1981, physicist Richard Feynman first theorized the creation of quantum computers that harnessed the principles of quantum physics to process calculations that would take standard computers millennia or longer to compute. Over the next four decades, however, research failed to advance significantly enough for the machines to have much impact on society.

But breakthroughs in 2023 signaled that quantum computers have embarked on a new era, one that may unleash a technological revolution full of possibilitiessome good and some bad. On the positive side, quantum computers could lead to the development of new drugs to combat cancer. On the negative side, however, they can break the encryption we use multiple times per day for everything from sending texts to financial transactions.

But this isnt the first quantum race in history that pitted the U.S. against its adversariesand the past provides a guide for how the U.S. can win the coming computing revolution. In the 1940s, a quantum race produced the creation of nuclear weapons and unleashed a technology explosion. Crucially, the U.S. won the competition to harness the new technology. Not only did American scientists create the first nuclear weapons, but advancements in lasers and in chips for computers made the U.S. the home for global innovation.

That only happened, however, because policymakers supplied the funding and support necessary to ensure superiority. In 2024, by contrast, a key quantum funding bill has stalled while allies and adversaries are sinking billions into quantum research and development. Without action, history shows that the U.S. risks falling behind especially in leadership for the revolutionary power of quantum technologies.

Quantum physics developed in Europe in the 1920s and 1930s. As World War II erupted in the 1930s and 1940s, German, Hungarian, and Italian physicists escaped to the U.S. Many of them joined J. Robert Oppenheimer and his American colleagues in the Manhattan Projectwhich birthed the atomic bomb and simultaneously elevated the U.S. as the home for quantum science.

In the ensuing decades, Feynman and other scientists who cut their teeth on the Manhattan Project inspired profound innovation from quantum physics that became woven into the fabric of American life. The first quantum revolution created nuclear weapons and energy, global positioning systems, lasers, magnetic resonance imaging, and the chips that would power the rise of the personal computer.

Read More: Quantum Computers Could Solve Countless ProblemsAnd Create a Lot of New Ones

Although many countries like the Soviet Union built nuclear weapons, none rivaled the U.S. in pioneering innovation. The Soviet launch of Sputnik in 1957 and the space race produced an explosion of federal funding for science and education that was at the root of American success. Further, the Department of Defense provided crucial sponsorship for visionary, but risky, research that developed the internet, stealth capabilities, and voice assistants like Siri. This combination propelled the U.S. to unparalleled innovation heights in the decades after World War II.

The technologies born from the first quantum revolution were at the core of American national defense, and also reshaped civilian life in the U.S., most especially through the development of personal computers and the Information Revolution.

But even as personal computers were beginning to revolutionize American life in 1981, Feynman insisted in a pivotal lecture that something more was possible. He argued that a quantum computer with processing power magnitudes greater than even the highest performing computer then in existence offered the only way to unlock the true knowledge of the world. Feynman admitted, however, that building such a machine required staggering complexity.

The ensuing four decades have proved him correct on the obstacles involved. Designing a quantum computer required tremendous advances in theory as well as materials and components. Since the 1980s, progress has crept along, and many joked that quantum computers would always be 10 to 20 years away.

In 1994, mathematician Peter Shor discovered an algorithm that created a method for a quantum computer to calculate the large prime numbers used in encryption. Despite this breakthrough, the pace of developments since Shors discovery has remained glacial. Persistent funding from the National Security Agency and the Department of Defense especially the former has sustained innovation, but the results have been uneven, because scientists have been unable to build a quantum computer that wasnt plagued by errors.

In the past 10 years, private technology companies such as IBM, Google, and Microsoft have made significant investments in quantum computing, which have pushed the field to new heights of maturity and accelerated a global race for quantum dominance one with major national security and cybersecurity implications.

Even so, todays quantum computers still have yet to outperform standard computers due to regular errors caused by radiation, heat, or improper materials. These errors make quantum computers useless for things like, for example, designing new drugs, because scientists cant replicate an experiment accurately. But all of that is changing quickly.

Advances by IBM and a Harvard team in 2023 demonstrated that error correction is on the horizon and the era of quantum utility has arrived. In July 2023, IBM announced peer reviewed evidence from experiments that indicated the company had made strides in mitigating the errors that have long plagued quantum computing. A few months later in December, a Harvard team and the company QuEra published encouraging results from experiments that showed they too had developed a quantum process with enhanced error-correction.

Read More: How the AI Revolution Will Reshape the World

But its not only American companies and universities trying to figure out how to mitigate the errors that have limited the possibilities of quantum computers. Over the last 15 years, Chinese physicists have undertaken an ambitious program aimed at making their country the world leader in quantum technologies. One estimate pegs China which has invested over $15 billion in the project as a leader or near equal to the U.S. in this new realm of science. In 2023, results from experiments suggested that Chinese physicists were notching impressive achievements that may enable them to construct a quantum computer that could outpace those developed in the U.S.

The consequences of Chinese superiority in this realm would be seismic. The U.S.s foremost adversary would then be able to crack the encryption Americans use every day for secure internet traffic and messaging, and which the U.S. government and its allies use to protect secret communications. One organization projects that the world has a mere six years before this capacity exists. Other estimates insist that date is as far as 10 years away. But it is coming fast.

That means the U.S. has to get out ahead of this impending technology to forestall disastrous consequences in every realm of American life. In May 2022 the White House announced plans to prepare the nation for post-quantum encryption alongside efforts being undertaken by private companies like Apple and Google. But Congress failed to renew a landmark federal funding bill for quantum research and development in 2023. Meanwhile, China and European countries are not flinching at devoting billions to quantum.

Quantum computing breakthroughs in 2023 herald a bright future that will transform life and economics. Technology sits on the cusp of fulfilling Feynmans vision and understanding the world and universe unlike ever before. An error-correcting quantum computer would launch the second quantum revolution, and a race is on to preserve the U.S.s leadership in science for one of the 21st centurys most prized technologies. To win that race, the federal government needs to make a concerted push to sustain American preeminence in quantum computing and other quantum technologies like sensing. Thats how the U.S. won the first quantum revolution and the stakes are too high not to learn from this past triumph.

The opinions are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the opinions of LLNL, LLNS, DOE, NNSA, or the U.S. government.

Brandon Kirk Williams is a senior fellow at the Center for Global Security Research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

Made by History takes readers beyond the headlines with articles written and edited by professional historians. Learn more about Made by History at TIME here. Opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the views of TIME editors.

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History Shows How to Win the Quantum Computing Race - TIME

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Quantum computing technology and applications across sectors are advancing rapidly; the market is predicted to grow over 32% from 2023 to 2030, attracting attention toward multibagger quantum computing stocks.

Furthermore, industry developments such as IBMs (NYSE:IBM) 433-qubit Osprey processor represent a substantial advancement in quantum computing, enabling complicated calculations beyond traditional computers.

Amidst this, an investor may wonder how to buy multibagger quantum computing stocks. Compared to IBM and Microsoft (NASDAQ:MSFT), there is huge potential for reward and a little commitment when it comes to penny stocks. Moreover, the three multibagger quantum computing stocks we shall examine promise up to triple-digit potential. Today were looking at stocks that offer strong gross margins, solid pioneering achievements and major quarterly performance advances.

Source: Shutterstock

Quantum Computing (NASDAQ:QUBT) creates low-cost nanophotonics-based quantum-tech industrial products.

The penny play, one of the most inexpensive multibagger quantum computing stocks, is down 15% in 2024. However, its strong gross margins of 45% are greater than 84% of its industrys, even though the company is losing money.

Most notably, through its quantum optimization platform, Dirac-3, QUBT is a leader in the field. Another creation of QUBT is the Quantum Photonic Vibrometer. Better vibration detection, perception and analysis are possible with the first quantum-accelerated photonics vibrometer. This business and military gadget detects explosives and hidden weapons up to 30 inches below the surface.

Furthermore, the company has expanded its CRADA to include use case testing using the Dirac-1 Entropy Quantum Computer at Los Alamos National Laboratory.

The company was subcontracted by the Bay Area Environmental Research Institute to develop and test a photonic sensor for NASA Ames. This sensor enhances the companys NASA relationship by measuring the size, form and chemistry of clouds, aerosols and volcanic ash.

A fourth NASA grant was given to QUBT to use entropy quantum computing to denoise LiDAR spectrum data. This technology is needed for NASA missions in order to provide accurate measurements for observation and exploration at any time of day.

Source: T. Schneider / Shutterstock

Quantum computing gear, software and services provider D-Wave Quantum (NYSE:QBTS) reported strong revenue and bookings last quarter.

Sales rose 21% in Q4 and 22% in 2023. Q4 bookings up 34% and FY 89% year-over-year. Like QUBT, this penny stock will fluctuate.

Even though sales and bookings grew by more than 10%, QBTS didnt do better than experts expected. Earnings per share were -0.09, which was about 10% less than expected. There was a selloff because sales were 38% lower than expected, at $2.9 million instead of $4.7 million.

Moving towards its latest tech moves, the 1,200+ qubit D-Wave Advantage2 prototype is now available via its Leap Quantum Cloud Service. This prototypes stacked superconducting integrated circuit manufacturing stack reduces noise. Complex applications like machine learning benefit from 20 times quicker optimization.

Moreover, D-Wave demonstrated quantum spin glass flow on over 5,000 qubits. This advances its annealing and gate-type quantum computer. Advantage2 should have over 7,000 qubits.

No superconducting qubit on the market has better coherence than D-Waves fluxonium qubits. Gate model quantum computing systems improve fluxonium qubits. This will impact D-Waves quantum technology.

The consensus on QBTS stock is Strong Buy, and its 80% growth potential points to a rebound.

Source: Boykov / Shutterstock.com

The last of our top quantum computing multibaggers is Rigetti Computing (NASDAQ:RGTI). Similar to the previous two penny stocks, however, its last quarter was better than expected, giving it some brownie points.

RGTIs sales of $3.38 million exceeded estimates by 10%. Its EPS came in at a loss of $0.04 instead of $0.06, 32% better than anticipated.

In terms of innovation, Rigettis 84-qubit Ankaa-2 quantum computer makes mistakes 2.5 times less often than older QPUs. This is what made it a success when it came to operation and sales. The company got 98% of the time with two qubits correctly, which means the quantum bits worked well together.

Rigetti also wants to make quantum computing easier to access by combining the 9-qubit Novera QPU with existing systems.

Internationally, Oxford Instruments NanoScience and Rigetti UK recently completed a project to construct one of the first UK quantum computers. Horizon Quantum Computing also got a Rigetti Novera QPU for a hardware testbed in Singapore so that it can grow in the Asia-Pacific region, which is the fastest-growing quantum computing market.

The upside potential is significant at 170%, with a consensus recommendation of Strong Buy.

On the date of publication, Faizan Farooque did not have (either directly or indirectly) any positions in the securities mentioned in this article.The opinions expressed in this article are those of the writer, subject to the InvestorPlace.comPublishing Guidelines.

Faizan Farooque is a contributing author for InvestorPlace.com and numerous other financial sites. Faizan has several years of experience in analyzing the stock market and was a former data journalist at S&P Global Market Intelligence. His passion is to help the average investor make more informed decisions regarding their portfolio.

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3 Quantum Computing Stocks That Could Be Multibaggers in the Making: April Edition - InvestorPlace

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