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Editors Note: This is part of a multi-part series on theFISA Section 702reauthorization and reform debate.

Q. There are loud voices on either end of the spectrum with regard to Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), the intelligence authority set to expire at the end of the year unless reauthorized by Congress. The Biden administration and other supporters of the Section 702 program argue that it should be reauthorized as is; others believe that it should be overhauled (if not allowed to sunset). Where do you fall on this debate? From your experience investigating and litigating prominent national security cases and as an intelligence operations attorney, do you think Section 702 is as imperative as the Executive branch has stated? And likewise, do you think any reforms to the program are necessary or appropriate?

Yes I think it is imperative to reauthorize Section 702. It is a fast and efficient way to obtain important national security information in a manner that complies with the Constitution. But I do want to distinguish Section 702, which is a foreign intelligence tool, from a classic criminal investigative tool. I worked in the Department of Justices National Security Division in three capacities: as a FISA operations and oversight attorney, as a national security policy counsel, and as a cyber and counterespionage prosecutor. My views on Section 702 which are my own and not those of any employer, past or present come more from my experience as an operations and oversight attorney and policy counsel than my time as a national security prosecutor.

And I also think it should be updated, consistent with the history of updates to FISA as the technology, scale, use, and public perception of foreign intelligence surveillance have evolved. In particular, because of the global nature of communications and travel, the built-in safeguards to prevent targeting of U.S. persons and people within the United States have to be periodically updated. And because law enforcement officers and intelligence officers are always thinking of new ways to use the information and systems available to them for good-faith reasons related to keeping the nation safe it is important to keep tabs on, and think critically about, those new uses.

Queries of previously collected information are a great example. At first, for many it was hard to see how searching information that had already been collected pursuant to court-approved procedures would cause a problem. As the practice became more widespread, however, public concerns grew about reverse targeting or routine checks for U.S. person information. This all happened as storage capacity and search capability continued their exponential expansion. New technology and new practices led to new concerns, which led to new rules. That is entirely appropriate.

To me, the important lesson here is that the system worked. The oversight mechanisms built into Section 702, which involve all three branches of government, provided the insight and transparency necessary to surface the issue and address it. That oversight distinguishes Section 702 from many historical and non-U.S. intelligence collection programs.

Q. Thats an important insight on intelligence programs and their oversight structures changing over time as communications and technology evolve. Can you provide some further context on changes to FISA over time and how Section 702 fits into this picture?

I started working on FISA operations in 2005, before Section 702 existed. People may not remember how intense the pace of global counterterrorism efforts was at that time. If you look at publicly available statistics, you can see the drop in full-blown individually targeted FISA orders that occurred after Section 702 became law. If we can infer that this drop is at least partly due to the governments new authority to target, without a particularized warrant or order, the communications of people who are neither U.S. persons nor present within the United States, this makes a lot of sense. There is no Constitutionally based reason to apply Fourth Amendment protections such as particularized findings of probable cause to that group (that is, non-U.S. persons located abroad), and there is a limit to how many individual FISA applications DOJ, the FBI, and the FISA court can process and oversee. So, it is reasonable to come up with a new system that applies Constitutional protections to those who are entitled to them, imposes court supervision over Executive branch activities, and allows for policy-based limitations such as those contained in Executive Order 14086.

Much of the opportunity and need for Section 702 is based on technological change. When FISA was enacted in the 1970s, most international communications were transmitted by radio transmissions. Those communications were exempt from FISA as long as they did not target a U.S. person in the United States and included a party outside the United States. The U.S. government could therefore use technical means to collect those communications with no court oversight at all. Signals intelligence collection can sometimes be unreliable and risky, and if you go visit the NSA museum you will see a memorial wall that shows just how dangerous it could be. But as technology developed, the same foreign communications that the government used to try to pull from the air are increasingly transmitted over the wire and through the United States, where the U.S. government can often acquire them more reliably and safely.

That change in some ways enhances intelligence agencies technical ability to safely acquire those foreign communications. Because people around the world, including in the United States, often use the same infrastructure and services to communicate, it also increases the risk of acquiring communications of U.S. persons or people within the United States. Thats one big reason that close court supervision is required but that oversight can be accomplished without requiring lengthy factual declarations and individualized findings of probable cause.

Q. On that note, lets discuss in more detail one of the proposed reforms: a warrant requirement to query the database of information already collected under Section 702 for U.S. person information. Is there precedent for imposing such a requirement? Do you think it would be a valuable modification to the program?

Requiring a warrant to search previously collected data for U.S. person information is a good idea. I dont think its clear that the Constitution requires it. But thats not the end of the inquiry.

For example, when the Electronic Communications Privacy Act was enacted, there was not general agreement that the Constitution required a warrant to search the contents of email messages a user stores with their service provider, but Congress nonetheless imposed a statutory requirement to provide the same level of protection based on a policy goal of extending a Fourth Amendment level of protection to electronic communications.

Its also helpful to remember that the U.S. government was conducting national security surveillance before FISA without orders, warrants, or any other involvement of judges. When Congress first enacted FISA, there was no consensus that the Executive branch required a warrant to conduct foreign intelligence surveillance. People dont appreciate this now, but FISA brought national security surveillance under judicial supervision. So while the Constitution sets a minimum standard when it comes to civil rights and limits on the government, Congress can go further, and has done so for policy reasons in the past.

There is a case for Congress to do that now. It is essential for Americans to have confidence in their government and particularly in their law enforcement and intelligence agencies commitment to protecting Americans rights. Particularly given the skepticism that currently pervades American society, requiring the government to establish probable cause and obtain judicial approval before searching for a U.S. persons communications within previously collected material would bolster that confidence and is a relatively light burden on the government.

Yes, search warrants take time, and FISA search warrants can be onerous to draft (which is in part the responsibility of DOJ to fix). But when you think about how much 702-acquired data the government may be sitting on and how long it may keep it, you can see how practitioners and the public alike would be concerned that collecting all of that information without probable cause or a warrant based on targeting of non-U.S. persons, and then searching that information for U.S. person information with no further approvals, could be seen as an end-around the warrant requirement. I dont personally see it that way, but a warrant requirement (with an emergency exception) is a small price to pay to earn and maintain the confidence of the American people in their national security institutions.

Q. Some have argued that imposing a warrant requirement for U.S. person queries of the Section 702 database is too onerous. Given your extensive experience in obtaining both FISA and non-FISA warrants, can you walk us through what this would really mean in practice?

Obtaining a criminal search warrant is usually a fairly straightforward process. When I was a local and federal prosecutor, my detective or agent and I would draft an affidavit that was accurate and established probable cause. For physical search warrants, such as a search of a residence, there might be discussions with supervisors about officer safety, means of entry, strategic considerations about alerting the target, the permissible scope of the search, or the potential for media attention. Other than my first several warrants as a junior Assistant District Attorney, I dont remember having a supervisor flyspeck an affidavit or ask for more factual detail. For search warrants targeting electronic communications accounts like email and social media, the process and timeframe for obtaining a warrant were quick and smooth.

In contrast, it is well-known that writing a FISA application and getting it approved for submission is hard and takes a long time. Part of this is by design, and is a purposeful safeguard given the classified nature of the proceedings. Every FISA application has to be approved by the Attorney General (AG), Deputy Attorney General (DAG), or Assistant Attorney General (AAG) for National Security, and has to be certified by the FBI Director or a similar official at an intelligence agency. The legislative history from the 1970s indicates that part of the reason for the high-level approvals is to ensure quality control as well as individual accountability; no one wants to bring a substandard or under-investigated application to a high-level official.

Another reason for this difference is that criminal search warrants are much more likely than FISA orders to be unsealed and revealed to the target at some point. If the execution of a criminal warrant reveals evidence that is later used to charge and prosecute a defendant, the affidavit and warrant are disclosed to the defendant, who can challenge their sufficiency in a motion to suppress evidence. Criminal warrants to search premises or physical property are often provided to the target at or near the time of a search. Criminal warrants to search electronic communications accounts may be subject to non-disclosure orders, but those orders are usually not indefinite and most providers will notify targets when a non-disclosure order elapses and is not renewed. FISA orders, in contrast, usually do not produce evidence that is used in criminal cases and by default remain classified. In fact, even when evidence acquired through a FISA order is used in a criminal case, the order and supporting materials are neither provided to the defendant nor made available to the public. Rather, if a defendant moves to suppress FISA-acquired evidence, the judge who hears the motion reviews the FISA materials without the involvement of the defense.

As a result of these considerations, lessons learned from negative experiences, and, to an extent, bureaucratic inertia, the amount of detail that FISA applications contain has grown to far exceed what would be included in an ordinary criminal search warrant application. This comes at a cost. DOJ attorneys and FBI agents spend substantial time taking questions from supervisors, finding answers, and incorporating new facts into lengthy declarations. And every new detail is an opportunity for an inaccurate or unsupported statement, whether or not the statement is material. Successive rounds of editorial and supervisory reviews add additional time to the process. Each extra requirement, whether official or unofficial, comes from a good place a desire to avoid mistakes, an appropriate response to prior errors, anticipating supervisors questions ,, but they add up can result in extremely lengthy applications that take weeks to prepare. In short, there are some good reasons to have more controls and more review for FISA applications than criminal ones, but it would be worth stepping back and revisiting whether the current system is optimal.

In any event, if Congress does add a warrant requirement, it is likely to contain an emergency exception. In fact, the PCLOB recently recommended individualized judicial review and authorization by the FISC for all U.S. person queries with exceptions limited to consenting U.S. persons or exigent circumstances. Moreover, FISA itself allows the AG, DAG, or AAG to authorize emergency authorities under specific conditions and seek retroactive approval from the court. Fourth Amendment jurisprudence provides an additional exception to the warrant requirement under circumstances such as imminent threats to life and safety. It would therefore be important and reasonable for a new warrant requirement to allow law enforcement to move quickly in the event of an imminent threat.

In that regard, it is important to bear in mind that Section 702 targets overseas threats to U.S. security such as international terrorism. If investigators urgently need to access a U.S. persons communications that were collected under Section 702, that could mean that a potential terrorism threat is crossing the border into the United States (physically, electronically, or otherwise). That is the exact situation in which we need an efficient process in place to allow law enforcement to get the information they need consistent with Constitutional considerations.

A warrant requirement that contained an emergency provision with retroactive approval would provide the accountability needed to maintain public confidence. If configured and implemented properly, it would allow officers to obtain the information they need and move as quickly as necessary, just as they have historically done in the criminal law enforcement sphere.

4th Amendment, Biden administration, communications, Congress, Department of Justice (DOJ), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), FISA Section 702, Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), intelligence community, national security, Right to Privacy, Surveillance, United States

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Expert Q&A with David Aaron on FISA Section 702 Reauthorization ... - Just Security

Six months ago, FBI officials boasted that in 2022 their agents had spied on only 120,000 Americans without search warrants! Under the Constitution, that number should be ZERO.

This revelation is supposed to give members of Congress comfort that the folks we have hired to protect the Constitution are in fact doing so. In reality, the feds continue to assault and violate a core freedom protected by the Constitution the right to be left alone.

The reason for the FBI revelation is the pending expiration of Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act and the bipartisan animosity toward its extension.

Section 702 is unconstitutional on its face as it directly contradicts the core language of the Fourth Amendment. It permits the feds to conduct warrantless surveillance on foreign persons who are either physically or digitally present in the United States and all with whom they communicate American or foreign who are located here.

Thus, for example, if you call or text or email an art dealer in Florence, Italy, from your home in New Jersey, or your cousin in Geneva, Switzerland, calls or texts or emails you at your home in California, the FBI can monitor all those communications without a search warrant. And then the feds can monitor the future calls you make and texts and emails you send and receive.

The reason for the search warrant requirement is to prevent a repeat of what British agents did to the American colonists before the Revolutionary War. Then, secret British courts in London issued general warrants to British agents in America, which authorized the bearer to search wherever he wished and seize whatever he found.

When British agents used their general warrants to search colonial homes ostensibly looking for tax stamps in compliance with the Stamp Act, they were really attempting to find who among the colonists entertained revolutionary ideas that might lead to a revolt against the king.

The existence and the enforcement of the Stamp Act proved so unpopular that Parliament rescinded it after just one year of British agents roughing up colonists in their homes. But the former bond between colonials and their king had been irreparably breached and a sea change in colonial thinking pervaded the land. The core of that sea change was not taxation without representation; it was freedom.

To the colonial mindset, freedom had one universal meaning. It meant freedom from the government from king and Parliament.

The sea change in colonial thinking resulted in an ideological welcome mat for the Declaration of Independence. When Thomas Jefferson was holed up in a Philadelphia rooming house for five days in June 1776 writing and revising the Declaration, he thought he was crafting the ideological fountainhead of a minority of landowners who despised the kings authority. Yet, within a year, farmers and artisans and laborers joined the popular and bloody revolt that ended in 1783 with freedom from England.

What about freedom from the new government here?

When the Constitution was ratified six years later, it had no amendments and made no mention of personal liberty. Five of the ratifying states had insisted upon the promise of the addition of a Bill of Rights as a pre-condition to ratification.

And so, the first task of the new Congress was to comply with that promise and craft a Bill of Rights, lest these five states secede from the new union. The colonies-become-states presumed a right to secede. They believed that what they had joined voluntarily, they could voluntarily leave. What became the Fourth Amendment protected the quintessentially American right to be left alone.

It states that the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects shall be secure and may be violated by the government only pursuant to a search warrant issued by a neutral judge and based on probable cause of crime, and the warrant must specifically describe the place to be searched or the persons or things to be seized.

There is no exception in the amendment for foreign people, bad people, dangerous people, violent people, people the government hates or fears. By the plain meaning of its English words, the amendment protects ALL people. There is no limitation in the amendment to government personnel engaged in law enforcement. The amendment restrains ALL government. The very purpose of the amendment is to present an obstacle to the government because the amendment protects the natural human right to personal privacy and autonomy from the government.

James Madison who drafted the Bill of Rights and his colleagues made a value judgment consistent with their Judeo-Christian-informed morality; namely, that natural rights trump governmental needs.

The violation of privacy is a form of government aggression. Madison knew the tendencies of government toward aggression. The Fourth Amendment was to be the bulwark against it. The people could protect themselves against private aggressors, but theyd need a clause in the supreme law of the land and independent judges to restrain government aggressors.

After 50 years of studying, teaching, writing about, judging, interpreting and just plain explaining the Constitution, I am convinced that those in government dont believe its words or accept its values. They dont feel bound by it.

They have crafted mechanisms of all sorts like Section 702 to evade and avoid it. They will claim that it impairs their duties. Yes, it does intentionally so, and in the name of personal liberty. Today, liberty is impaired for foreign persons, an immutable characteristic. Tomorrow it could be impaired for any other immutable trait. Of what value is a Constitution with congressionally crafted, politically based exceptions? None.

Section 702 expires on Dec. 31, 2023. Last week, President Joe Biden asked Congress to renew it. It should die a natural death. Paraphrasing Justice George Sutherland, if the provisions of the Constitution are not upheld when they pinch as well as when they comfort, they may as well be abandoned.

Tags: FBI, Section 702, Surveillance

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A Constitution the Government Evades - Tenth Amendment Center

The barbaric attack on Israeli civilians over the weekend by Hamas terrorists has left people wondering, as we often do after mass tragedies: How did no one see this coming? As a surprisingly sophisticated, coordinated surprise attack left nearly 1,000 people dead and countless more innocents wounded or kidnapped, anyone can recognize the massive intelligence failure without calling into question who is morally culpable for the invasion. Iran-backed militants attacked civilians from multiple points of entry, hang-gliding into a music festival and dragging the bodies of murdered women through the streets, all effectively livestreamed on the internet.

It wasnt just an intel failure on Israels part as a close ally with an intelligence presence all over the world, the United States also failed to foresee the attack. A senior U.S. military official admitted to NBC News that We were not tracking this. CIA counterterrorism veteran Marc Polymeropoulos told the outlet he was stunned that American intel agencies were caught off guard.

Intelligence operatives are fallible, yes. But instead of identifying the threat from Hamas terrorists, the Biden administration was busy sending money to their state sponsors in Iran and employing Iranian conspirators at the Pentagon.

Theres another task thats been keeping Americas so-called counterterrorism apparatus busy lately, though. Instead of focusing their efforts on actual terrorists those abroad and those doubtless infiltrating our porous southern border the Biden administration has continued, and escalated, the trend of turning our post-9/11 surveillance state against Americans, smearing them as terrorists for their political beliefs.

Just last week, Newsweek reported that the FBI is targeting Trump supporters as domestic terrorists ahead of the 2024 election. The universal line from the Biden administration is that domestic terrorism and its aliases all of which are used as code for political right-wingers are the No. 1 threat to national security. The effort to make an example out of Trump supporters who demonstrated at the Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021, is only one of numerous instances in which Democrats within and beyond intelligence agencies are working to equate domestic terrorism with their political opponents.

Two years ago, Bidens Education Department infamously planted a letter from the National School Boards Association to Attorney General Merrick Garland, urging him to target concerned parents who showed up at school board meetings to protest Democrats Covid policies and their racialist and sexually graphic curricula in public schools. The letter smeared those parents as domestic terror threats and urged the Department of Justice to wield counterterrorism laws against them, and Garland happily acted on the suggestion.

A few months later, the politicized Department of Justiceannounceda new domestic terrorism unit to deal with an elevated threat from domestic violence extremists, including those who ascribe to extremist anti-government and anti-authority ideologies.(Who knew the Founding Fathers were domestic terrorists?)

Taking things a step further, disgraced former Deputy FBI Director Andrew McCabe claimed that targeting the fringes of the right-wing movement was insufficient to catch this threat, and instead called for federal suspicion of mainstream conservatives.

In June 2021, the Biden administration released a National Strategy for Countering Domestic Terrorism. It proposed to counter domestic terrorism by addressing underlying racism and bigotry and they werent talking about the racism that led Hamas militants to slaughter Israeli civilians this past weekend and has driven violence against Israel in the region for decades. A National Terrorism Advisory System bulletin issued the same year lumped conspiracy theories on perceived election fraud and responses to anticipated restrictions relating to the increasing COVID cases in the same sentence as domestic violent extremist ideologies.

Our intelligence apparatus expends resources on things like telling Big Tech companies which free-thinking Americans social media posts to censor, as we discovered via the Twitter Files and Missouri v. Biden. Its actively researching how to most efficiently surveil what you say online. The FBI has been putting its resources to work targeting and likely infiltrating traditional Catholic congregations, and terrorizing peaceful pro-lifers like Mark Houck, a pastor who was dragged away in a surprise raid at his home in front of his family.

Its not just domestic intel agencies being wielded against Americans; the CIA did its part to help Twitter censor speech, and even solicited signatures to help falsely smear damaging reporting about the Biden family as disinformation ahead of the 2020 election. (For some reason, none of those involved are being arrested for conspiracy against voting rights.)

Across the board, weve seen the people we elected, and countless bureaucrats we did not, weaponizing supposedly counterterror laws like the Patriot Act against Americans First and Fourth Amendment freedoms (at least).

Imagine if those resources were redirected away from targeting ordinary, law-abiding Americans for their political views and aimed at stopping actual terrorists who seek to harm us and our allies. Contrary to the pretense that surveilling Americans as walking national security threats is for our own protection, our world would be a lot safer.

Elle Purnell is an assistant editor at The Federalist, and received her B.A. in government from Patrick Henry College with a minor in journalism. Follow her work on Twitter @_etreynolds.

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Imagine If Feds Hunted More Real Terrorists, Not Conservatives - The Federalist

A biopic of a living civil rights legend, a new cooking show with one of the biggest families in reality TV, and series featuring up-and-coming hip-hop artists are all part of TV One Networks upcoming 2024 programming slate.

The slate was presented during the networks virtual upfront presentation and focused on the networks continued goal to give its Black and Brown audiences content that reflects them and their interests.

The upcoming year will shepherd in two milestones for our networks. TV One will turn 20 and CLEO TV turns 5. As we approach these anniversaries in January, we are introducing exciting, new programming we hope will thrill current viewers and capture the attention of new viewers as well, said Michelle Rice, President of TV One and CLEO TV, in a statement. TV One continues to represent the best of Black entertainment and culture with a diverse offering of both new and nostalgic programming for us by us.

Throughout the year, TV One and CLEO TV uniquely celebrates holidays and cultural moments that are significant to our communities through thematic programming, special events and partnership opportunities, Rice continued. Cultural moments include Martin Luther King Day, Black History Month, Womens History Month, Mothers Day, Black Music Month, Juneteenth, Black Business Month, Fathers Day, Back to School, Black Business Month, National Girlfriends Day, Hispanic Heritage Month, Homecoming at Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Kwanzaa. We continue to increase our investment in digital and social content to drive cross-platform engagement and cultural conversations that amplify our brand and content across O&O platforms.

Here are some of the highlights from TV Ones upcoming slate, per the networks official release:

Urban One Honors

Urban One Honors is the companys annual, star-studded tentpole created by legendary Urban One, Inc. founder, Cathy Hughes, Approaching its sixth year, Urban One Honors pays homage to individuals and organizations whose work significantly impacts society and culture.

The Al Sharpton Story

For decades, Reverend Al Sharpton has dedicated his life to the fight for justice and equality as an internationally renowned civil rights leader, politician, minister and founder of the National Action Network. From his humble Brooklyn roots to his emergence as a powerful grassroots activist, Sharpton survived an all-out media assault and even near death experience to become a passionate agent of change and one of the greatest Civil Rights figures in history.

Raising Fame

Hosted by Lucille ONeal (mother of Shaquille ONeal) and Sonya Curry (mother of Stephen and Seth Curry), this new series gets candid stories from families who raised some of todays biggest superstars. Through the personal lens of parents and extended family who guided these extraordinary individuals, RAISING FAME takes a look back at their individual roads to stardom. This season features appearances by Nicki Minaj and her mother, Magic Johnson and his mother, Lil Nas X and his father, Billy Porter and his mother, Usher and his mother, and Patrick Mahomes with his father.

In the Kitchen with Tamar & Evelyn Braxton

Join mother-daughter duo Tamar and Evelyn Braxton as they celebrate the holidays in style! From Christmas to Easter, Mothers Day to Thanksgiving, no matter what holiday youre celebrating, this special has something for everyone. Get ready to whip up some mouth-watering dishes as Tamar and Ms. Evelyn share their delicious family recipes straight from the kitchen. From succulent main courses to delectable desserts, youll be sure to find something to satisfy all of your holiday cravings.

Collab

Hosted by the worlds greatest entertainer and Hip Hop icon Doug E. Fresh, this innovative new music series features an undiscovered artist being paired with a legendary R&B or Hip Hop icon as the audience witnesses the creative process unfold. From the recording studio creating a new track, to the stage performing it live for the first time, COLLAB seeks to help emerging artists break into the music business while providing the established artists with their next hit record.

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Al Sharpton Biopic, New Tamar And Evelyn Braxton Show And More ... - Blavity News

A biopic about a living civil rights legend, a new cooking show starring one of the biggest families in reality TV and series starring up-and-coming hip-hop artists are all on TV One Networks upcoming slate of programming for 2024.

The plan was unveiled during the networks virtual upfront presentation and focuses on the networks ongoing goal of providing their Black and Brown audiences with content that reflects them and their interests.

The coming year will mark two milestones for our networks. TV One will turn 20 years old, and CLEO TV will turn 5 years old. As we approach these anniversaries in January, we are introducing exciting new programming that we hope will delight current viewers while also attracting the attention of new viewers, said Michelle Rice, president of TV. One and CLEO TV, in a statement. TV One continues to present the best of Black entertainment and culture with a variety of both new and nostalgic programmingfor and by us.

Throughout the year, TV One and CLEO TV uniquely celebrate holidays and cultural moments that matter to our communities through themed programming, special events and partnership opportunities, Rice continued. Cultural highlights include Martin Luther King Day, Black History Month, Womens History Month, Mothers Day, Black Music Month, Juneteenth, Black Business Month, Fathers Day, Back to School, Black Business Month, National Girlfriends Day, Hispanic Heritage Month, Homecoming. at Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Kwanzaa. We continue to increase our investments in digital and social content to drive cross-platform engagement and cultural conversations that strengthen our brand and content on O&O platforms.

Here are some highlights from TV Ones upcoming release for the networks official release:

City Honors

Urban One Honors is the companys annual star-studded tent, created by the legendary founder of Urban One, Inc. Katie Hughes. Approaching its sixth year, Urban One Honors honors individuals and organizations whose work has a significant impact on society and culture.

The Al Sharpton Story

For decades, the Rev. Al Sharpton dedicated his life to the fight for justice and equality as a nationally renowned civil rights leader, politician, minister, and founder of the National Action Network. From his humble Brooklyn roots to his emergence as an influential grassroots activist, Sharpton survived an all-out media assault and even a near-death experience to become a passionate advocate for change and one of the greatest civil rights figures in history.

Increased hunger

Hosted by Lucille ONeal (mother of Shaquille ONeal) and Sonya Curry (mother of Stephen and Seth Curry), this new series tells the revealing stories of the families that raised some of todays biggest superstars. Through the lens of the parents and extended family members who guided these extraordinary individuals, RAISING FAME magazine looks back at their individual paths to stardom. This season will feature Nicki Minaj and her mother, Magic Johnson and his mother, Lil Nas X and his father, Billy Porter and his mother, Usher and his mother, and Patrick Mahomes and his father.

In the kitchen with Tamar and Evelyn Braxton

Join mother-daughter duo Tamar and Evelyn Braxton as they celebrate the holidays in style! From Christmas to Easter, Mothers Day to Thanksgiving, no matter what holiday youre celebrating, this special edition has something for everyone. Get ready to cook up some mouth-watering dishes as Tamar and Miss Evelyn share delicious family recipes straight from the kitchen. From succulent main courses to delectable desserts, youre sure to find something to satisfy all your holiday cravings.

Collaboration

Hosted by the worlds greatest artist and hip-hop icon, Doug E. Fresh, this innovative music series pairs an unknown artist with a legendary R&B or hip-hop icon as viewers watch the creative process unfold. From the recording studio creating a new track to performing on stage for the first time, COLLAB strives to help up-and-coming artists break into the music business while giving established artists their next hit.

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Al Sharpton biopic, Tamar and Evelyn Braxton's new show and more coming to TV One in 2024 - OiCanadian - OI Canadian