Nearly one-third of the advertisements for memory-boosting    supplements reviewed by a government watchdog may be illegally    claiming to cure or prevent diseases like Parkinsons or    Alzheimers, according to a recent report. The    report suggests that government regulation is     failing to keep up with the growing supplement industry,    but regulators arent prepared to actually fix the problem at    its root.  
    Don't take your supplements lightly.  
    Over two months, investigators from the Government Accountability Office    (GAO) sorted through memory supplement marketing online, in    print, on TV, and in stores. After analyzing 91 advertisements    and labels in depth, they discovered 28 ads for 34 supplements    that claimed a product could protect against or treat dementia,    Parkinsons disease, or Alzheimers disease. Thats illegal;    claims that a pill or concoction can treat, cure, or prevent    diseases have to be approved by the US Food and Drug    Administration.  
    The dietary supplement industry is massive, raking in an    estimated $39 billion in sales    in 2015. The portion catering to customers who want to    improve their memories is growing  nearly doubling from    $353 million    in 2006 to $643 million in 2015. Most of the advertising    for these drugs is online, the GAO found. And    the supplement makers are minimally regulated. Products can hit    the shelves without being tested for safety or efficacy, and,    often, without their labels being vetted for accuracy. "Its a    challenge to take on an industry that's this large, says FDA    spokesperson Lyndsay Meyer.  
    "Its a challenge to take on an industry that's this    large.  
    The Senate Committee on Aging was concerned that aging    consumers might be especially vulnerable to claims that one    weird trick could stave off senior moments, so it asked    the GAO to    check in. The GAO shared the 28 examples it found with the FDA,    which agreed 27 of them may have violated the law that    generally bars supplement manufacturers from     making disease claims.  
    But the agency has only taken action against a couple of the    companies. It sent     a warning letter to     Utah-based Lifevantage Corp, and     two online     advisory letters to companies making similar statements:    Healinginabottle.com for the product     Immuno Boost Eximius, and     Life Decoders, LLC, for Sheep Placenta Advanced Capsules    marketed on stemcelltherapyplus.com.    The FDA is monitoring the rest.  
    Healinginabottle.com    has expired; an email to the account the FDA used to contact    the company bounced, and the company didn't reply to a Facebook    message. Stem Cell Therapy Plus' website still mentions    Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease; spokesman Joe Cruz says    the company has addressed the FDA's concerns.  
    Ryan Nadeau, a spokesperson for Lifevantage, noted that the    website the FDA discussed in its warning letter, nrf2science.com, is not    selling a Lifevantage product  its discussing the protein    that this product is purported to target. We definitely agree    with the need for transparent advertising and making sure that    you stay within the guidelines, Nadeau says. I mean youre    talking about diseases  its not something you want to con    your way into.  
    The problem with deceptive marketing is that it could lead    people to, at best,     waste their money, and at worst, make    dangerous health decisions. Most people believe when they    go to the store and they're able to just pick it up off the    shelf that this is something that the agency has reviewed for    safety and efficacy. Or safety, at a minimum, the FDAs Meyer    told The Verge. The way that the framework is set up    for supplements in this country  that's just not true.  
    Obviously its not ideal or optimal by any means for    consumer protection.  
    Despite its latest findings, the GAO doesnt have any big    regulatory or enforcement recommendations for the FDA, which    oversees supplement labeling, or the Federal Trade Commission, which    oversees advertising. Instead, the GAO recommended that the FDA    and FTC clarify to consumers which agency to report concerns    to involving Internet marketing. If this seems like an anemic    response, thats because it is.  
    Obviously its not ideal or optimal by any means for consumer    protection and other issues. But those were the cards we were    dealt, says     Seto Bagdoyan, a director of forensic audits and    investigations for the GAO. And that's why we focused on our    market research and also on the consumer awareness of these    regulators respective roles.  
    The problems with supplement oversight go back to a 1994 law    called the Dietary    Supplement Health and Education Act, or DSHEA. Under this    law, supplements are regulated as food, not drugs. That means    that supplement makers arent required to prove their products    are safe or effective before selling them. And while    manufacturers are typically legally barred from making disease    claims on product labels, the FDA generally doesnt approve    labels before supplements hit the shelves.  
    So the agency can only reprimand companies that it catches    breaking the rules. And catching wrongdoers is challenging,    because the FDA doesnt have a comprehensive list of the    supplements on the market. You can have concerns over products    and then the products get renamed, says     Joshua Sharfstein, a professor at Johns Hopkins University    and former FDA deputy commissioner. There are so many aspects    of this that are out of control at the same time.  
    Something negative has to happen before they take    action.  
    In the past, the GAO has suggested    that the FDA should come up with guidelines that spell out the    scientific evidence companies need to back up claims like    "calcium    builds strong bones" on a products label. The GAO also    said that the agency should ask Congress for the power to    demand that supplement companies hand over that scientific    evidence. Neither of these    suggestions were implemented. They explained to us, once    again, that they really are hamstrung in terms of their    authorities, Bagdoyan says. The focus of their work is at the    back end  where something negative has to happen before they    take action.  
    Thats why the GAOs recommendation is so unhelpful, especially    since most consumers are unlikely to know whether a    supplements advertising is illegal. Even if it were clearer    where consumers should report concerns to, its hard to imagine    that would make much of a difference. Adverse health events are    already massively underreported (consumers and clinicians can    report them     here). Scientists with the CDC and FDA estimate that    dietary supplements are associated with more than 23,000    emergency room visits annually. The FDA estimates that    there are over 50,000 supplement-related health incidents each    year. And yet only somewhere between 2 and 3 percent of these    incidents are reported, according to a 2008 GAO    report.  
    Until regulation of dietary supplements changes, Meyer sums up    the bottom line for health-conscious consumers: Don't take    your supplements lightly.  
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Scammers selling fake cures for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's are getting away with it - The Verge