SciCheck Digest    
    COVID-19 vaccination is generally very safe, and except for    extremely rare cases, there is no evidence that it contributes    to death. Social media posts about a now-published, but faulty    review of autopsy reports, however, are repeating an unfounded    claim from last summer that 74% of sudden deaths are shown to    be due to the COVID-19 vaccine.  
        How safe are the        COVID-19 vaccines?      
            More thanhalf a billion            doses of COVID-19 vaccines have now been administered            in the U.S. and only a few, very rare, safety concerns            have emerged. The vast majority of people experience            only minor, temporary side effects such as pain at the            injection site, fatigue, headache, or muscle pain  or            no side effects at all. As the Centers for Disease            Control and Prevention has said, these vaccines have undergone and            will continue to undergo the most intensive safety            monitoring in U.S. history.          
            A small number of severe allergic reactions known as            anaphylaxis, which are expected with any vaccine,            have occurred with the            authorized and approved COVID-19 vaccines. Fortunately,            these reactions are rare, typically occur within            minutes of inoculation and can be treated.            Approximately 5 per million people vaccinated have            experienced anaphylaxis after a COVID-19 vaccine,            accordingto the CDC.          
            To make sure serious allergic reactions can be            identified and treated, all people receiving a vaccine            should be observed            for 15 minutes after getting a shot, and anyone who has            experienced anaphylaxis or had any kind of immediate            allergic reaction to any vaccine or injection in the            past should be monitored for a half hour. People who            have had a serious allergic reaction to a previous dose            or one of the vaccine ingredients should not be immunized.            Also, those who shouldnt receive one type of COVID-19            vaccine should be monitored for 30 minutes after            receiving a different type of vaccine.          
            There is evidence that the            Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna mRNA vaccines may rarely            cause inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis) or            of the surrounding lining (pericarditis), particularly            in male adolescents and young adults.          
            Based on data collected            through August 2021, the reporting rates of either            condition in the U.S. are highest in males 16 to 17            years old after the second dose (105.9 cases per            million doses of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine), followed            by 12- to 15-year-old males (70.7 cases per million).            The rate for 18- to 24-year-old males was 52.4 cases            and 56.3 cases per million doses of Pfizer/BioNTech and            Moderna vaccines, respectively.          
            Health officials have emphasized that            vaccine-related myocarditis and pericarditis cases are            rare and the benefits of vaccination still outweigh the            risks. Early evidence suggests these myocarditis cases            are less severe than typical ones. The CDC has also            noted that most            patients who were treated responded well to medicine            and rest and felt better quickly.          
            The Johnson & Johnson vaccine has been linked to            anincreased risk            of rare blood clots combined with low levels of blood            platelets, especially in women ages 30to 49.            Early symptoms of the condition, which is known as            thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome, or TTS, can            appear as late as three weeks after vaccination            andincludesevere or persistent headaches or            blurred vision, leg swelling, and easy bruising or tiny            blood spots under the skin outside of the injection            site.          
            According to the CDC, TTS has occurred in around 4 people per million            doses administered. As of early April,the syndrome has            been confirmed in 60 cases, including nine deaths,            after more than 18.6 million doses of the J&J            vaccine. Although TTS remains rare, because of the            availability of mRNA vaccines, which are not associated            with this serious side effect, the FDA on May 5            limited authorized use of the            J&J vaccine to adults who either couldnt get one            of the other authorized or approved COVID-19 vaccines            because of medical or access reasons, or only wanted a            J&J vaccine for protection against the disease.            Several months earlier, on Dec. 16,            2021,the CDC had recommended the            Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna shots over            J&Js.          
            The J&J vaccine has also been linked to an increased risk of Guillain-Barr            Syndrome, a rare disorder in which the immune system            attacks nerve cells.Most            peoplewho develop GBS fully            recover, although some have permanent nerve damage and            the condition can be fatal.          
            Safety surveillance data suggest that            compared with the mRNA vaccines, which have not been            linked to GBS, the J&J vaccine is associated with            15.5 additional GBS cases per million doses of vaccine            in the three weeks following vaccination. Most reported            cases following J&J vaccination have occurred in            men 50 years old and older.          
            Link to this          
    Last July, an unpublished paperauthoredby several    physicians known for spreading COVID-19    misinformationbrieflyappearedon a preprint server    hosted by the prestigious British medical journal the    Lancet.  
    The paperclaimedto    have reviewed autopsy reports and found  in the opinion of    three of its authors  that 73.9% of the selected deaths were    directly due to or significantly contributed to by COVID-19    vaccination. Those conclusions, however, wereoften    contraryto the original scientists determinations.    Moreover, abundant evidence contradicts the suggestion that the    COVID-19 vaccines are frequently killing people.  
    The preprint repository quicklyremovedthe manuscript because,    it said, the studys conclusions are not supported by the    study methodology, and indicated that the preprint had    violated its screening criteria.  
    Social media soon flooded with posts highlighting the purported    findings and alleging censorship, with many falsely stating    that the paper had been published in the Lancet.  
    Multiplescientistsandfactcheckersdetailednumerous problems with    the preprint and the resulting social media posts. As Dr.    Jonathan Laxton, an assistant professor of medicine at the    University of Manitoba who frequently debunks misinformation    online,wrote at the    timeon Twitter, this is not a conspiracy, the paper    was literally biased hot garbage and the Lancet was right to    remove it.  
    Despite these efforts, the same claims are back this summer    after the paper waspublishedin    the journal Forensic Science International on June 21.    Capitalizing on the papers now-published status,numerouspostsareonceagainspreading the reviews    supposed findings and realleging censorship.  
    Largest autopsy series in the world. Censored by what was the    most reputable peer reviewed journal, readsonepopular Instagram post. 74%    of the 325 Suddenly Died Autopsies point the cause to the    dart, it added, using coded language to refer to the COVID-19    vaccines.  
    Anotherpost, from    Dr.Sherri Tenpenny,    an osteopathic physician in Ohio known for her opposition to    vaccines and her false claim that the COVID-19 vaccines    magnetize people, also repeated the falsehood that the paper    had been previously published in the Lancet.  
    Bottom line results: 74% of sudden deaths are shown to be due    to the COVID-19 vaccine, the post went on to say. This paper    is a game changer. Sadly, it was censored for ONE YEAR. Just    think of all the lives that could have been saved.  
    As weve explainedbefore,    publication in a peer reviewed journal does not necessarily    mean a paper is accurate or trustworthy, although the process    can improve manuscripts and weed out bad science. In this case,    the published paper is highly similar to the previously    criticized manuscript. Experts say its conclusions are    unreliable and misleading.  
    The vast majority of these cases do not show a causal, but    coincidental, effect, wrote Marc Veldhoen, an    immunologist at the Instituto de Medicina Molecular Joo Lobo    Antunes in Portugal, in a thread on X, addressing the papers    central claim. This certainly does not apply to the general    population!  
    When asked about the published paper, Dr. Cristina    Cattaneo,co-editor-in-chiefof Forensic    Science International, told us the journal was currently    looking into the matter.  
    For their review, the    authors searched the medical literature for published autopsy    studies related to any kind of COVID-19 vaccination. After    excluding duplicates and studies without deaths, autopsies, or    vaccination status information, the authors were left with 44    studies comprising 325 autopsies. Three of the authors then    reviewed the described cases and decided for themselves if the    deaths were vaccine-related; if at least two agreed, the death    was counted as being attributable to COVID-19 vaccination.  
    In the end, the authors thought 240, or nearly 74%, of the    reviewed autopsies were vaccine-related (rounded to one    decimal, 240 out of 325 is actually 73.8%, not 73.9% as    reported in the paper). Among these deaths, 46.3% occurred    after a Sinovac vaccine, 30.1% after a Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine,    14.6% after an AstraZeneca vaccine, 7.5% after a Moderna    vaccine and 1.3% after a Johnson & Johnson vaccine.  
    As others havepointed    outbefore, theres reason to suspect that the authors    may have been biased in their determinations. All three    adjudicators, including Dr.Peter McCullough, are    well known for spreading COVID-19 misinformation. Dr. William    Makis, a Canadian radiologist, haspreviously    claimed, without evidence, that 80 Canadian doctors died    from COVID-19 vaccines. The only pathologist, Dr. Roger    Hodkinson, incorrectlyclaimedin 2020    that COVID-19 was a hoax and just a bad flu.  
    Hodkinson and McCullough, along with five other authors, are    also affiliated with and have a financial interest in The    Wellness Company, a supplement and telehealth company    thatsells unproven    treatments, including for purported protection against    vaccines.  
    Perhaps most tellingly, the scientists who conducted many of    the autopsy studies came to opposite conclusions than the    review authors. Of the 240 cases, for example, 105 come from a    singlepaperin    Colombia, whose authors found [n]o relation between the cause    of death and vaccination.  
    Similarly, the review authors counted 24 of 28 autopsies from    astudyfrom    Singapore as vaccine-related, even though the original authors    identified no definite causative relationship to mRNA    vaccines.  
    The authors of a Germanstudyalso    attributed 13 of 18 autopsy deaths to preexisting diseases, but    the review authors decided 16 cases were vaccine-related.  
    In aLinkedIn    postdebunking the preprint, Dr.Mathijs Binkhorst, a    Dutch pediatrician, went back to each cited paper, and found    that of the 325 autopsies and one heart necropsy the review    authors said were vaccine-related, only 31, or 9.5%, were    likely related and 28, or 8.6%, were possibly related. The rest     267, or 81.9%  were unlikely, uncertainly, or not related to    vaccination.  
    In other words, even among a set of studies that is more likely    to identify some vaccine involvement, less than a fifth of    deaths were possibly or likely vaccine-related.  
    Even if the authors arent biased, this type of study is not    able to provide information on how frequently COVID-19    vaccination leads to death, and whether the risks outweigh the    benefits.  
    They only looked at published autopsy and necropsy reports    relating to COVID-19 vaccination, Veldhoensaidof the    published study on X. If you look only at autopsies of those    related (in time) with drugX: X-involvement is then a high    proportion of all cases.  
    Indeed, as Binkhorst noted, the autopsy reports come from 14    countries that collectively administered some 2.2 billion    vaccine doses. If the COVID-19 vaccines truly were as dangerous    as the review authors contend, this would be evident in other    data sources  but its not.  
    Vaccine safety surveillance systems and other studies    from across the globe have    found that serious side effects can occur, but they are    rare.  
    The Johnson & Johnson    and AstraZeneca vaccines, for example, can in very rare cases    cause a dangerous and sometimes fatal blood clotting condition    combined with low blood platelets.  
    Rarely, the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines from Moderna and    Pfizer/BioNTech have caused    inflammation of the heart muscle or surrounding tissue, known    as myocarditis or pericarditis. In almost all cases,    however, those conditions are not deadly.  
    There is no evidence    that COVID-19    vaccination increases the risk of death and has led to excess    deaths or a large number of deaths. Instead, a wealth of data    supports the notion that COVID-19 vaccines protect against    severe disease and death from COVID-19. The flawed autopsy    review doesnt change this.  
    Roley, Gwen. Misinformation swirls around    unpublished paper on Covid-19 vaccine risks. AFP. 14 Jul    2023.  
    Hulscher, Nicolas et al. A Systematic REVIEW of    Autopsy findings in deaths after covid-19 vaccination.    Forensic Science International. Available online 21 Jun 2024.  
    Binkhorst, Mathijs. McCulloughs    misinformation. LinkedIn post. Archived 4 Sep 2023.  
    Laxton, Jonathan (@dr_jon_l). McCullough et al attempted    upload a preprint to the Lancet server, and it was removed    because it was hot garbage. However, I feel going through    this paper for you guys will help you spot dodgy science     X. 6 Jul 2023.  
    Payne, Ed. Fact Check: A Lancet    Study Does NOT Show COVID Vaccine Caused 74% Of Deaths In    Sample  Lancet Rejected Paper And Its Methods. Lead    Stories. 7 Jul 2023.  
    Carballo-Carbajal, Iria. Flawed preprint based    on autopsies inadequate to demonstrate that COVID-19 vaccines    caused 74% of those deaths. Health Feedback. 31 Jul 2023.  
    Jaramillo, Catalina. Review Article By    Misinformation Spreaders Misleads About mRNA COVID-19    Vaccines. FactCheck.org. 16 Feb 2024.  
    Veldhoen, Marc (@Marc_Veld). Does We found that 73.9% of    deaths were directly due to or significantly contributed to by    COVID-19 vaccination. Hold? No. The vast majority of these    cases do not show a causal, but coincidental, effect. This    certainly does not apply to the general population! X. 22    Jun 2024.  
    Cattaneo, Cristina. Co-Editor-in-Chief, Forensic Science    International. Email to FactCheck.org. 26 Jun 2024.  
    No evidence that 80    Canadian doctors died from COVID vaccinations. Reuters    Fact Check. 22 Dec 2022.  
    Lajka, Arijeta. Pathologist falsely claims    COVID-19 is a hoax, no worse than the flu. AP. 2 Dec 2020.  
    Yandell, Kate. Posts Push Unproven    Spike Protein Detoxification Regimen. FactCheck.org. 21    Sep 2023.  
    Chaves, Juan Jos et al. A postmortem study of patients    vaccinated for SARS-CoV-2 in Colombia. Revista Espaola de    Patologa. 31 Oct 2022.  
    Yeo, Audrey et al. Post COVID-19 vaccine deaths     Singapores early experience. Forensic Science    International. 19 Jan 2022.  
    Schneider, Julia et al. Postmortem investigation of    fatalities following vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines.    International Journal of Legal Medicine. 30 Sep 2021.  
    Yandell, Kate. Study Largely    Confirms Known, Rare COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects.    FactCheck.org. 27 Feb 2024.  
    Selected Adverse    Events Reported after COVID-19 Vaccination. CDC. Accessed    5 Jul 2024.  
    COVID-19 vaccines:    key facts. European Medicines Agency. Accessed 5 Jul 2024.  
    Robertson, Lori. A Guide to Johnson &    Johnsons COVID-19 Vaccine. FactCheck.org. 27 Feb 2021.  
    Lai, Francisco Tsz Tsun et al. Prognosis of    Myocarditis Developing After mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination Compared    With Viral Myocarditis. Journal of the American College of    Cardiology. 5 Dec 2022.  
    Yandell, Kate. No Evidence Excess    Deaths Linked to Vaccines, Contrary to Claims Online.    FactCheck.org. 17 Apr 2023.  
    McDonald, Jessica. Flawed Analysis of    New Zealand Data Doesnt Show COVID-19 Vaccines Killed    Millions. FactCheck.org. 15 Dec 2023.  
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Flawed Autopsy Review Revives Unsupported Claims of COVID-19 Vaccine Harm, Censorship - FactCheck.org