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The judge also said the plaintiffs failed to show they had a reasonable expectation of privacy from the social media company. Photograph: Philippe Wojazer/Reuters

A judge has dismissed a lawsuit accusing Facebook of tracking users web browsing activity even after they logged out of the social networking site.

The plaintiffs alleged that Facebook used the like buttons found on other websites to track which sites they visited, meaning that the Menlo Park, California-headquartered company could build up detailed records of their browsing history. The plaintiffs argued that this violated federal and state privacy and wiretapping laws.

US district judge Edward Davila in San Jose, California, dismissed the case because he said that the plaintiffs failed to show that they had a reasonable expectation of privacy or suffered any realistic economic harm or loss.

Davila said that plaintiffs could have taken steps to keep their browsing histories private, for example by using the Digital Advertising Alliances opt-out tool or using incognito mode, and failed to show that Facebook illegally intercepted or eavesdropped on their communications.

Facebooks intrusion could have easily been blocked, but plaintiffs chose not to do so, said Davila, who dismissed an earlier version of the five-year-old case in October 2015.

Clicking on the Facebook like button on a third party website for example, theguardian.com allows people to share pieces of content to Facebook without having to copy and paste the link into a status update on the social network.

When a user visits a page with an embedded like button, the web browser sends information to both Facebook and the server where the page is located.

The fact that a users web browser automatically sends the same information to both parties does not establish that one party intercepted the users communication with the other, said Davila.

The plaintiffs cannot bring privacy and wiretapping claims again, Davila said, but can pursue a breach of contract claim again.

Australian internet security blogger Nik Cubrilovic first discovered that Facebook was apparently tracking users web browsing after they logged off in 2011. Responding to Cubrilovic, Facebook engineer Gregg Stefancik confirmed that Facebook has cookies that persist after log-out as a safety measure (to prevent others from trying to access the account) but that the company does not use the cookies to track users or sell personal information to third parties.

However, in 2014 Facebook started using web browsing data for delivering targeted interest-based advertising which explains why you see ads for products you have already been looking at online appear in your Facebook feed.

To address privacy concerns, Facebook introduced a way for users to opt out of this type of advertising targeting from within user settings.

We are pleased with the courts ruling, said a Facebook spokeswoman.

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Facebook can track your browsing even after you've logged out, judge says - The Guardian

INDIANAPOLIS -- While wearing gang colors may be suspicious, it's not enough to justify a stop by police unless criminal activity is involved, the Indiana Supreme Court said this week.

As a result of the decision, Jordan Jacobs, Indianapolis, had his conviction reversed for Class A misdemeanor possession of a handgun. The state court ruled that a police search leading to Jacobs' arrest in 2015 was not allowed under the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution.

On Aug. 31, 2015, there had been numerous reports of gunshots fired on Indianapolis' northeast side by youths wearing red clothing, indicating gang membership. The location near 30th Street and Keystone Avenue was known as a high crime area and police placed more attention on patrols.

Two days later during the afternoon, an Indianapolis police officer saw young men who "looked like they should be in school" at Beckwith Park, according to court records. Some of the teens were wearing red clothing. Jacobs, then 18, had been seen earlier carrying a red T-shirt.

When a park ranger's car was in the area, Jacobs and another man walked away. They returned after the car left and Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department officer Terry Smith, who is a gang detective, called for assistance. Smith ordered Jacobs to stop but he walked away. Another officer assisted in ordering Jacobs to the ground. Although handcuffed, Jacobs was told he was not under arrest but police saw a gun outlined in Jacobs' pocket.

In Marion County court, Jacobs' attorney objected to admitting the handgun into evidence on the grounds that the officers did not have reasonable suspicion to stop him under the Fourth Amendment. During a bench trial, Jacobs was found guilty and sentenced to one year probation.

In November, the Indiana Court of Appeals was split but found that Jacobs' behavior in evading police in a high crime area provided enough suspicion that a crime was "afoot."

The Indiana Supreme Court said that the officer's belief that Jacobs was truant at 2 p.m. that day was enough for an investigatory stop. But the actual stop occurred after school had let out for the day.

The court also addressed Jacobs' clothing. "Membership in a gang, by itself, does not provide the basis for prosecution for criminal gang activity," Justice Mark S. Massa wrote. "The State must prove that the individual was aware of the gang's criminal purpose."

He continued, "Jacobs' display of a red garment (which he was never wearing, and did not have at the time police approached), while standing among those clad in red, was thus insufficient to justify an investigatory stop under the Fourth Amendment."

The court said there was nothing to link Jacobs to the earlier gunfire.

Fourth Amendment

The Fourth Amendment states, "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized."

Originally posted here:
Gang membership doesn't color a crime, court says - The Rushville Republican

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NSA Property Holdings LLC, an affiliate of real estate investment trust National Storage Affiliates Trust (NSAT), has acquired a three-property Tri-State Self Storage portfolio in Castle County, Del., from Tri-State Realty Associates L.P. The facilities sit on approximately 28.3 acres of land, according to a press release from SkyView Advisors, the investment-sales and advisory firm that brokered the deal.

Overall, the properties comprise 264,237 rentable square feet of storage space in 2,428 units, 568 of are climate-controlled. They also contain 109 parking spaces and miscellaneous units, the release stated.

Its not often that a portfolio of this size becomes available in this region of the country, and it garnered multiple bids from national self-storage buyers, said Ryan Clark, director of investment sales for SkyView Advisors and a broker in the transaction.

Last month, NSA Property Holdingsacquired Stor-N-More Self Storage in Tampa, Fla., for $19 million. The property comprises 117,655 net rentable square feet in 1,105 units.

SkyView is a boutique firm specializing in self-storage acquisition, development, facility expansion and renovation, refinancing, and sales. Based in Tampa, the firm also has offices in Cleveland and Milwaukee.

Headquartered in Greenwood, Colo., NSAT is a self-administered and -managed REIT focused on the acquisition, operation and ownership of self-storage properties within the top 100 U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas throughout the United States. The company has ownership interest in 456 storage facilities in 23 states. Its portfolio comprises approximately 28 million net rentable square feet. It's owned by its affiliate operators, who are contributing their interests in their self-storage assets over the next few years as their current mortgage debt matures.

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NSA Property Holdings Acquires Tri-State Self Storage in Castle County, DE - Inside Self-Storage

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM: With the state higher secondary directorate introducing free software-based curriculum for higher secondary commerce stream as well, proprietary software products have almost made a final exit from the school and higher secondary education. The department had earlier shown doors to proprietary software products for education in Class I to X and also in computer science and humanity streams in Plus One and Plus Two. But since the proprietary software Tally was used for teaching accounting in commerce stream students, the particular stream was using Windows and Tally for their studies. "We had earlier asked Tally people to customise their product in such a fashion that we can use it in free software-based operating system. But they were not interested in the same. It was then we started scouting for a free software-based accounting software and chose one that fit for our requirement," said IT@School director Anvar Sadath. The search ended at GNUKhata, a free software based accounting software which is user friendly as Tally. According to a directive issued by the state higher secondary directorate, the commerce students can start using the free software and other class 12 students may use either the proprietary or free software for the year. In August 2008, government had instructed all institutions under general education department to strictly use free software alone in all future teaching and training activities and a government order in this regard is in effect. But in the commerce section (computerised accounting system), there was the Tally package in use, which is operational only on a Microsoft Windows platform. This practise often resulted in deployment of pirated software in schools which was not only illegal but also created a Cyber Security threat.

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Free software marks end of Tally in Plus Two commerce ... - Times of India