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Claim: An academic study cited by conservative news organizations and the Trump administration proved that Hillary Clinton received more than 800,000 non-citizen votes in the 2016 presidential election.

Origin:A recurring refrainissuing from President Trump's Twitter account ever since he won the 2016 election by 74 electoral votes in November holds that he was robbedof a victory in the popular vote count (which Hillary Clinton won by 2,865,075 votes) duetoat least 3 million illegal ballots cast by non-citizens.

The documentation offered to supportthis assertionhas ranged fromvague to nonexistent. When asked to defendit in a 24 January 2017 press conference, White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer stated that Trump's belief that there wasmassive voter fraud in 2016was "based on studies he's seen." Pressed to cite such a study, Spicer said, "There's one that came out of Pew in 2008 that showed 14 percent of people who voted were non-citizens."

Albeitmistaken about both itsorigins (it was writtenby researchers at Old Dominion University usingdata collectedbythe Cooperative Congressional Election Study, not Pew) and findings(it did not remotely show that 14 percent of the electorateamountingto 18 million voters were non-citizens), Spicer was, at least, alluding to an actual study.

In fact, the same studywas cited for the same purposes two days after thepress conferencein a Washington Timesarticlestating that Hillary Clinton benefited to the tune of834,381 non-citizen votes in the 2016 election:

Hillary Clinton garnered more than 800,000 votes from non-citizens on Nov. 8, an approximation far short of President Trumps estimate of up to 5 million illegal voters but supportive of his charges of fraud.

Political scientist Jesse Richman of Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia, has worked with colleagues to produce groundbreaking research on non-citizen voting, and this week he posted a blog in response to Mr. Trumps assertion.

Based on national polling by a consortium of universities, a report by Mr. Richman said 6.4 percent of the estimated 20 million adult non-citizens in the U.S. voted in November. He extrapolated that that percentage would have added 834,381 net votes for Mrs. Clinton, who received about 2.8 million more votes than Mr. Trump.

The study in questionwas published in the December 2014 issue of the journalElectoral Studies,titled: "Do Non-Citizens Vote in U.S. Elections?" Its authors,Jesse T. Richman, Gulshan A. Chattha, and David C. Earnest of Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia, sought to contribute hard data to the ongoing, largely partisan debateover how much voter fraud actually occurs in the United States. Richman and Earnest summarizedtheir research in a 24 October 2014 article in the Washington Post:

Our data comes from the Cooperative Congressional Election Study (CCES). Its large number of observations (32,800 in 2008 and 55,400 in 2010) provide sufficient samples of the non-immigrant sub-population, with 339 non-citizen respondents in 2008 and 489 in 2010. For the 2008 CCES, we also attempted to match respondents to voter files so that we could verify whether they actually voted.

How many non-citizens participate in U.S. elections? More than 14 percent of non-citizens in both the 2008 and 2010 samples indicated that they were registered to vote. Furthermore, some of these non-citizens voted. Our best guess, based upon extrapolations from the portion of the sample with a verified vote, is that 6.4 percent of non-citizens voted in 2008 and 2.2 percent of non-citizens voted in 2010.

Because non-citizens tended to favor Democrats (Obama won more than 80 percent of the votes of non-citizens in the 2008 CCES sample), we find that this participation was large enough to plausibly account for Democratic victories in a few close elections.

To be clear,when Sean Spicer citedthis study to support Trump's assertionthat millions voted illegally in the 2016 election, hewas referring toa set of extrapolations madein 2014 based on data collected by another research group in 2008 and 2010. Further, the validity of those extrapolations has been repeatedlychallenged by the original pollsters(more about thatlater). Just as importantly, the lead author of the study advancingthose extrapolations, Jesse Richman, has saidthat even if their conclusionswere 100 percent valid which, again, is in question they don'tconfirm Trump's claim that"millions" voted illegally:

Donald Trump recently suggested that his deficit in the popular vote to Clinton might be due entirely to illegal votes cast, for instance by non-citizens. Is this claim plausible? The claim Trump is making is not supported by our data.

Here I run some extrapolations based upon the estimates for other elections from my coauthored 2014 paper on non-citizen voting. You can access that paper on the journal website hereand Judicial Watch has also posted a PDF. The basic assumptions on which the extrapolation is based are that 6.4 percent of non-citizens voted, and that of the non-citizens who voted, 81.8percent voted for Clinton and 17.5percent voted for Trump. These were numbers from our study for the 2008 campaign. Obviously to the extent that critics of my study are correct the first number (percentage of non-citizens who voted) may be too high, and the second number (percentage who voted for Clinton) may be too low.

The count of the popular vote is still in flux as many states have yet to certify official final tallies. Here I used this unofficial tally linked by Real Clear Politics. As of this writing Trump is 2,235,663 votes behind Clinton in the popular vote.

If the assumptions stated above concerning non-citizen turnout are correct, could non-citizen turnout account for Clintons popular vote margin? There is no way it could have. 6.4 percent turnout among the roughly 20.3 million non-citizen adults in the US would addonly 834,318votes to Clintons popular vote margin. This is little more than a thirdof the total margin.

Is it plausible that non-citizen votes added to Clintons margin. Yes. Is it plausible that non-citizen votes account for the entire nation-wide popular vote margin held by Clinton? Not at all.

Returning to theWashington Times piece defending Trump's assertion about illegal voters (see top of page), the article creates the impression, perhaps intentionally, that Richman conducted freshresearch using new data from the 2016 election. However, in a 27 January 2017 open letter to theTimes, Richman objected that both his research and his own comments about the research weremisrepresented:

I do not support the Washington Times piece

Dear Washington Times,

As a primary author cited in this piece, I need to say that I think the Washington Times article is deceptive. It makes it sound like I have done a study concerning the 2016 election. I have not. What extrapolation I did to the 2016 election was purely and explicitly and exclusively for the purpose of pointing out that my 2014 study of the 2008 election did not provide evidence of voter fraud at the level some Trump administration people were claiming it did. I do not think that one should rely upon that extrapolation for any other purpose. And I do not stand behind that extrapolation if used for ANY other purpose.

Best Regards,

Jesse Richman

Finally, we must address the question of whetherthe extrapolations Richman et al made in their 2014 study were valid in the first place. Let usturn to one of the pollsterswho compiled the original Cooperative Congressional ElectionStudy voter data in 2008 and 2010, Brian Schaffner, who wrote:

As a member of the team that produces the datasets upon which that study was based and as the co-author of an article published in the same journal that provides a clear take down of the study in question, I can say unequivocally that this research is not only wrong, it is irresponsible social science and should never have been published in the first place. There is no evidence that non-citizens have voted in recent U.S. elections.

Although based on precisely the same data as Richman's, Schaffner's conclusion could not be more starkly different. To simplify his argument (which we encourage allto read in full), the Richman study failed to account for measurement error specifically, it failed to account for the frequency with which survey respondents may have incorrectlyidentified themselves as "non-citizens":

Such errors are infrequent, but they happen in any survey. In this case, they were crucial, because Richman and his colleagues saw the very small number of people who answered that they were immigrant non-citizens, and extrapolated that (inaccurate) number to the U.S. population as a whole.

How do we know that some people give an inaccurate response to this question? Well, we actually took 19,000 respondents from one of the surveys that Richman used (the 2010 study) and we interviewed them again in 2012. A total of 121 of the 19,000 respondents (.64 percent) identified themselves as immigrant non-citizens when they first answered the survey in 2010. However, when asked the question again in 2012, 36 of the 121 selected a different response, indicating that they were citizens. Even more telling was this: 20 respondents identified themselves as citizens in 2010 but then in 2012 changed their answers to indicate that they were non-citizens. It is highly unrealistic to go from being a citizen in 2010 to a non-citizen in 2012, which provides even stronger evidence that some people were providing incorrect responses to this question for idiosyncratic reasons.

Correcting for thoseerrors, saysSchaffner, the likely number of non-citizen voters in the 2016 election turns out to benot 5 million, nor 3 million, nor even 800,000, but zero.

Ansolabehere, Stephen, Luks, Samantha and Schaffner, Brian F. "The Perils of Cherry Picking Low Frequency Events in Large Sample Surveys." CCES. 5 November 2014.

Chattha, Gulshan A., Earnest, David C. and Richman, Jesse T. "Do Non-Citizens Vote in U.S. Elections?" Electoral Studies. December 2014.

Richman, Jesse. "I Do Not Support the Washington Times Piece." 27 January 2017.

Richman, Jesse. "Is It Plausible that Non-Citzen Votes Account for the Entire Margin of Trump's Popular Vote Loss to Clinton?" 28 November 2016.

Richman, Jesse and Earnest, David. "Could Non-Citizens Decide the November Election?" The Washington Post. 24 October 2014.

Scarborough, Rowan. "Trump Argument Bolstered: Clinton Could Have Received 800,000 Votes from Noncitizens." The Washington Times. 26 January 2017.

Schaffner, Brian. "Trump's Claims About Illegal Votes Are Nonsense. I Debunked the Study He Cites as 'Evidence.'" Politico.com. 29 November 2016.

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Crock the Vote - snopes.com

This is the second in a series of articles based in part on eyewitness accounts about the rapidly deteriorating socio-political conditions in Turkey and what the future may hold for the country. The first article is available here.

Much has been written on the endemic corruption in Turkey which involves virtually every social strata -- including political, judicial, government administration, private sector, civil society, business, and military -- and which stands in total contrast to President Erdogan's grandiose vision to make Turkey a significant player on the global stage. After fifteen years in power, Erdogan now presides over a state deeply entrenched in corruption, conspiracy theories, and intrigue. He uses every lever of power to cover up the pervasive corruption consuming the nation and overshadowing the remarkable socio-political progress and economic growth that he made during his first nine years in power.

To consolidate his reign, he intimidated his political opponents, emasculated the military, silenced the press, and enfeebled the judiciary; most recently, he pressed the parliament to amend the constitution to grant him essentially absolute powers.

Turkey ranks 75th in the world in transparency on Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index--falling nine places since 2015--along with Bulgaria, Kuwait, and Tunisia. More than 40% of Turkish households perceive public officials to be corrupt.

The economy: Given the pervasiveness of corruption, economic progress in Turkey has slowed down. In Erdogan's initial years, the economy grew by 5-7 percent because he made it a priority while focusing on the poor and less educated, who subsequently became his core supporters.

When the global economy was strong Turkey registered significant economic growth, but the recent economic slowdown revealed the fault line in Turkey's economy. An inflated and corrupt bureaucracy made it extremely difficult to be granted licenses for development, making it ever harder for foreign and local investors to accelerate the process without bribing government officials.

During a corruption investigation in 2013, $17.5 million in cash was discovered in homes of various officials, including the director of state-owned Halkbank. Fifty-two people connected to the ruling AK Party were detained in one day, but subsequently released due to "lack of evidence."

Given this grim reality, as long as the government continues to deny the existence of pandemic corruption, Erdogan's ambition to make Turkey's economy among the ten largest economies by 2023 (the 100th anniversary of the Turkish Republic) has become nothing but a pipe dream.

Suppressing the press: Erdogan has shown zero tolerance for criticism and has worked to stifle the press. Any media outlet that exposed corruption cases became an 'enemy of the state.'

According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, 81 journalists are currently imprisoned, all of whom have been charged with anti-state offenses, and over 100 news outlets have been ordered closed by the government. In total, between July 20 and December 31, 2016, 178 broadcasters, websites, and newspapers were shuttered.

Whereas in a democracy the media is considered central to keeping the government honest, in Turkey investigative journalism has become taboo as the Erdogan government is terrified of the potential exposure of corruption cases where government officials are directly involved.

The implications of this are far and wide as other countries, especially democracies, become suspicious of Turkey's positions. The lack of transparency severely erodes its credibility and international standing.

Political: Two-thirds of Turks in a survey revealed they perceive political parties to be corrupt. Turkey lacks an entity that monitors the financing of parties, which are required to submit their financial tables to the Constitutional Court, an institution ill-equipped to handle audits.

Additionally, according to the Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation, Turkey "does not have a specific regulatory process to eliminate possible conflicts of interest" for parliamentarians who transition to the private sector after their terms are complete.

Commenting on former Prime Minister Davutoglu's "transparency package", Erdogan shamelessly stated that "If it [requiring party officials to reveal wealth] goes on like this, you can't find anyone to chair even [the AKP's] provincial and district branches."

Several of Erdogan's ministers (Economy Minister Zafer Caglayan, Interior Minister Muammer Guler, and Environment Minister Erdogan Bayraktar) resigned after their sons were arrested on allegations of bribery. Following their resignation, Erdogan "proceeded to dismiss thousands of police officers, prosecutors, and judges" and accused the Gulen movement of a coup attempt.

The arrest and indictment in US courts of Iranian-Turkish gold trader Reza Zarrab poses a significant threat to Erdogan's authority, as top AK officials are wrapped up in the indictment--including some of Erdogan's family members. Pro-government media quickly leveled accusations against the American prosecutor and judge involved in the case of being instruments of the Gulen movement.

The ramifications of the wide-spread political corruption also have major adverse impacts on Turkey's relations with foreign governments who interact with Ankara out of necessity rather than by free choice--particularly the EU--which makes Turkey's foreign relations tenuous and puts its long-term security at risk.

Judiciary: According to the 2013 Global Corruption Barometer, 13% of households reported having to pay a bribe after coming into contact with the judiciary, which has increased in the past three years. The flaws of the Turkish judiciary have "undermined the acceptance of the ruling by all segments of Turkish society and tainted it with allegations of political score-settling."

An even-handed judiciary is necessary to have a healthy and sustainable democracy. But when it becomes corrupted, as it has in Turkey, it is not just the cases before a court that become compromised--there is a ripple effect that occurs, impacting on behavior of officials engaged in criminal activity and who feel they can continue to act in such a manner with impunity.

Military: According to the EU Progress Report 2016, extensive legal protection is given to counter-terrorism personnel and "the military and intelligence services continue to lack sufficient accountability in Parliament." The same report states that "Access to audit reports by the Turkish Court of Accounts on the security, defense and intelligence agencies remains restricted."

Erdogan has replaced hundreds of generals, which led to a reduction in strategic planning and overall quality of military effectiveness. His purge of the military high brass three years ago on charges of conspiring to topple the government has eroded Turkey's position in NATO.

Similarly, the purge of the top echelon of the military following the July 2016 coup further weakened military preparedness, which raises serious questions about Turkey's military prowess and its effectiveness as a member of NATO.

Turkey defies the NATO charter that requires its members to "safeguard the freedom, common heritage and civilization of their peoples, founded on the principles of democracy, individual liberty and the rule of law." By not adhering to these principles, Turkey risks being potentially expelled, especially now that Erdogan appears to be increasingly gravitating toward Moscow.

Civil society: The EU Progress Report 2016 notes: "Participation by civil society in the budgetary process is poor...and independent civil society organizations are rarely involved in law- and policy-making processes."

Corruption creates fear in society--individuals who might otherwise wish to expose acts of corruption are now afraid to be implicated. According to Transparency International's Oya Ozarslan, "Today you can't offer people neither a good nor a bad example because corruption trials have become impossible in Turkey. This in turn legitimates the notion that [the corrupt] get away with it anyway."

The AK Party pledged "[to wage a] most intensive struggle [against corruption]," and fully ensure "transparency and accountability prevail in every area of public life... [to prevent] the pollution of politics," but then Erdogan himself rejected any practical measures to tackle corruption, fearing damaging exposure.

Sadly, much of what Erdogan aspired for could have been realized had he continued the reforms he initiated and brought Turkey to the international status he desired without resorting to authoritarianism.

After 15 years in power, Erdogan provides a classic example of how power corrupts. It is time for the public and the opposition parties to demand that he leaves the political scene and allow the formation of a democratically-elected government to begin the process of stemming corruption.

Otherwise, Turkey will forfeit its huge potential of becoming a significant player on the international stage.

See original here:
Erdogan: A Classic Case Of How Power Corrupts - Huffington Post

The Russian ultra-nationalist dubbed Putins Rasputinby Breitbart News when it was run by PresidentDonald Trumps chief strategist, Steve Bannon, has emerged as an unlikely foreign-policy fixer for the Kremlin.

AlexanderDugin, whose bushy beard gives him a passing resemblance to the Siberian mystic who bewitched the last czars family, says he played a key but largely clandestine role in patching up Russias relations with Turkey, an account confirmed by a senior figure in Ankara. And with people he calls ideological allies now in the White House, Dugin says hes bullish on better ties with the U.S., too.

Photographer: Alexander Vilf/Sputnik

After Turkey shot down a Russian warplane along the Syrian border in 2015, prompting World War III to trend on Twitter, the firebrand philosopher used his contacts in both countries to form a backchannel that helped Vladimir Putin and PresidentRecep Tayyip Erdoganend an increasingly dangerous feud, according to a retired Turkish general who flew to Moscow for secret talks.

The rapprochement allowed Putin to outmaneuver the Obama administration and turn the tide in Syrias civil war on behalf ofBashar al-Assad. ForDugin, whose views on the evils of liberalism have been cited by Bannon and other far-right leaders, it also moved Russia a step closer to fulfilling his vision of unwinding the U.S.-led global order, in part by luring Turkey away from NATO and creating a Russo-Islamic pact that includes Iran.

Dugin, the son of a Soviet military-intelligence official, said being independent makes him an effective go-between in matters of state. The 55-year-old rabble-rouser, blacklisted by the U.S. for aiding the insurgency in Ukraine, has no official post. But he has advised a member of Putins inner circle and written a textbook on geopolitics thats been used by the military.

I can talk to people like an official cant,Duginsaid in his Moscow office at Tsargrad TV, where hes a commentator and chief editor. A diplomat says what hes told. What does a military man say? Even less. And an intelligence officer? Nothing at all. You dont understand where the truth lies. I speak from the perspective of geopolitics. Thats why the Turks started to trust me.

Dugin, whos been described as everything from an occult fascist to a mystical imperialist, lost his prestigious job running the sociology department at Moscow State University in 2014 after activists accused him of encouraging genocide. Thousands of people signed a petition calling for his removal after a rant in support of separatists in Ukraine in which he said, kill, kill, kill.

The Kremlin, which gave the prolific polemicist prominent airtime on the biggest networks to cheerlead during the annexation of Crimea in 2014, has kept him at arms length since he criticized Putin for not taking more of Ukraine. When asked ifDuginplayed a role in the detente with Turkey, Putins spokesman,Dmitry Peskov, said, No.

Hes seen as a brilliant philosopher, but brilliance and madness are very close to each other, said Sergei Markov, a political consultant to Putins staff. Even thoughDugins not an official envoy, Markov said, he appears to have given the Turks some very good advice.

Duginmade everyone happy by organizing a November visit to Crimea by a Turkish delegation that included one of Erdogans cousins, a few weeks after meeting Prime Minister Binali Yildirim in Ankara, Markov said. The trip was a major fillip for Russias efforts to gain recognition for Putins annexation of the Black Sea peninsula, which provoked U.S. and European sanctions.

Incredibly beautifulone of the best moments of my life, Dugin said after Trumps inauguration.

Dugins writings, in dozens of books and countless blogs, have made him an influential thinker not only in Turkey, but also Iran, wheres hes a frequent visitor, and among anti-establishment parties that are on the rise throughout the West, a trend that is welcomed by Russias leadership.

Apart from Turkey only two countries really pay attention to meIran and the U.S.,Duginsaid.

The foreword to one of his books was written by a retired U.S. professor, Paul Gottfried, a Trump supporter who was among the first political philosophers to use the term alternative right to describe the radical conservative movement. In July 2016, a month before he joined the Trump campaign, Bannon described Breitbart as the platform for the alt-right.

In a video address to a Vatican conference in 2014, Bannon, whose White House role has beenelevated to include a seat on Trumps National Security Council, defended the traditionalist views espoused byDuginand other nationalists who want sovereignty for their country. Dugin said hes never met Bannon.

Dugins role in resolving the crisis with Erdogan over the jet incident was confirmedby Ismail Hakki Pekin, a former head of Turkish military intelligence. He was one of five members of the Patriotic Party, including a fellow retired general and a retired admiral, who flew to Moscow in December 2015 for four days of meetings thatDuginarranged with current and retired Russian officers.

Russian warplane violating Turkish airspace is downed in Kizildag region of Turkey's Hatay province, close to the Syrian border, on November 24, 2015. A jet brought down after violating Turkish airspace was given 10 warnings over a five-minute period.

Photographer: Anadolu Agency/Getty Images

During the visit,Dugintook the Turkish delegation to a secret room in a special place to meet his benefactor,Konstantin Malofeev, a multimillionaire with ties to the Russian Orthodox Church, Pekin said in an interview in Ankara.

Duginand Malofeev, whos also under U.S. sanctions for supporting the revolt in Ukraine, started Tsargrad, an old name for Constantinople, in 2015 and the TV channel now has some 20 million viewers. It was the only major station to carry a speech former Trump adviserCarter Pagegave in Moscow last year.

Pekin saidDuginintroduced Malofeev as Putins right-hand man, and the Turks came to learn the financier really can knock on Putins door.

Thats how the trip became effective, Pekin said. We knew what we said went directly to Putin.

And what they said was that Erdogan had nothing to do with downing the bomber the previous month. Pekin said he and his colleagues were successful in convincing the Russians they spoke with, including two plainclothes generals, that rogue elements in the military were responsible for the shootdown.

It was a conspiracy involving followers ofFethullah Gulen, a reclusive cleric based in Pennsylvania, and U.S. and NATO officials who wanted to drive a wedge between Russia and Turkey, said Pekin, who briefed senior diplomats and military officials in Ankara after the Moscow trip.

Pekin saidDuginhad sought out the two retired Turkish generals and former admiral specifically because they all had a history opposing Erdogan and spent time in jail for alleged plots to overthrow the government, which made them more credible in the eyes of their Russian interlocutors.

Vladimir Putin and Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan in October.

Photographer: Dmitry Azarov/Kommersant via Getty Images

In March, with tensions between Putin and Erdogan still simmering,Duginflew to Ankara for a follow up visit that included talks with relatives of Erdogan and other influential figures.

Duginsaid he told the Turks that arresting the person accused of shooting dead one of the Russian pilots as he tried to parachute to safety would go along way toward re-establishing relations. The next day, on March 30, the suspect was taken into custody in the eastern city of Izmir.

They said they were carrying out an investigation and that Erdogan would apologize, saidDugin, who passed on the information to Russian officials.

Three months later, on June 27, with Turkeys economy squeezed by the trade curbs Russia introduced after the shootdown, Erdogan finally expressed regret for the incident, paving the way for a resumption of ties.

But less than three weeks later, on July 15, something Malofeev andDugin warned about back in that secret room came truean attempted coup by disgruntled members of the military, according to Pekin.

Malofeev dismissed the assertion hes Putin's right-hand man as a flattering exaggeration. Peskov, the Kremlin spokesman, denied the financier played a role in the rapprochement with Turkey.

Dugin, a dissident in the 1980s who co-founded the National Bolshevik party after communism ended, was in Ankara at the time of the military revolt. He gave a series of TV interviews in support of the Turkish leaders decision to mend ties with Russia, the last of which, at state-run TRT Haber, concluded just 2 1/2 hours before the coup plotters seized the station.

Erdogan blamed Gulen and his U.S. benefactors for the putsch, responding with a sweeping crackdown of suspected Gulenists that has upended society and driven Turkey and Russia closer together. The re-energized partnership was put to the test in December, when Russias ambassador to Turkey was assassinated by a police officer in Ankara.

That was the last attempt by the outgoing U.S. administration and the globalists to disrupt Russias rapprochement with Turkey,Duginsaid.

Duginhas delighted in watching Russia and Turkey take the reins in resolving the Syrian crisis, elbowing the U.S. aside.

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Dugin, who has long predicted the demise of the Wests liberal hegemony, said the election of Trump has been a watershed development that promises to change the course of world history.

Incredibly beautifulone of the best moments of my life, he said after Trumps inauguration.

After decades of railing against Washington for seeking the Westernization of all of humanity, Trumps elevation has led to a Damascene conversion for Dugin, who declared anti-Americanism over.

America not only isnt an opponent, its a potential ally under Trump, he said.

NowDugins focusing on Europe, where hes been cultivating ties with anti-establishment parties that threaten a political and military union seven decades in the making.

With key elections in France, Germany and the Netherlands this year, the Russian polemicist has a new mantra for Europe thats ripped straight out of Trumps campaign playbook:

Drain theswamp.

With assistance from Stepan Kravchenko and JoshuaGreen.

Continue reading here:
The One Russian Linking Putin, Erdogan and Trump - Bloomberg

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Three years ago, when Todd Eichholz joined Bob Olson as co-owner of A & A Paving Contractors, the two men envisioned utilizing state-of-the-art technology and cutting-edge management concepts to reenergize a 55-year-old company and assure its stability and long-term success.

That A & A Paving Contractors, Roselle, IL, has been named Pavements 2017 Contractor of the Year is simply a byproduct of the transformation A & A Paving has undergone. A & As management team recognized changes had to be made, determined what changes to make, then made them with an eye on what was available and what could be done quickly.

Our team says that we are like a brand new 55-year-old paving company, Eichholz says.

A & A Paving employs 23 people doing paving, sealcoating, striping and pavement repair, all in-house. With nine people in the office, A & A relies on a nine-person paving crew and a five-person sealcoating and striping crew to complete 250 jobs a year (80% paving, 20% sealcoating), all of them for commercial, industrial, and multi-family property customers. While under Olson the company achieved double-digit growth each year, in the last three years growth has averaged 132% growth and total revenue has more than doubled.

All the things weve done over the last three years have put us in a different category than we were in before, Eichholz says. Were now playing in a different league than we used to. Were able to pursue -- and land -- different types of properties, larger properties, different and larger clients. That means larger parking lots, which means larger tonnage and thats really fun.

Eichholz, owner of a commercial property management company, used A & A Paving as his contractor of choice. Eichholz began looking for another business opportunity to invest in while Olson was looking for a partner and an exit strategy. Olsons thoughts ran to Eichholz, a great friend and fellow business person whom he felt would make a great business partner.

When he gave me the opportunity I jumped at it, Eichholz says.

And despite their age difference Olson is 75 and Eichholz is 35 it was clear the two had the same vision for the company. Weve been on the same page every step of the way. says Eichholz.

And that was essential to their partnership, their plan and their success.

I knew we were going to take this company and shake it pretty hard and change things up, and we wouldnt be able to do that if we didnt get along. Theres just no way, Eichholz says. We each have different strengths and those strengths complement each other and it works very well.

Once they were partners and decided to get things shakin they did ... nothing.

The first couple of months we just stepped back to see how things were being done, Eichholz says.

They looked at the entire company, documenting and analyzing everything from marketing and bidding to job costing and field operations.

We were looking at the business as a whole and in its smaller pieces, Eichholz says. We knew there had to be a better way to operate and we just had to figure out what that better way is. Then we had to figure out how to get the company there.

Eichholz says that when they started making changes they decided to make many changes as quickly as possible changes that were relatively easy to make, which meant not necessarily making the best change.

We recognized that what we did at the start might not be the best change, but we decided it was more important to get started and get our feet wet than to spend a lot of time figuring out the perfect change to make. So we looked at what we could adopt easily, Eichholz says. We figured then we can tinker here and there and improve on everything weve done. It drove us crazy at first because we were trying to do so much so fast.

Olson says updating the technology came first. Even something as basic as the copy machine, which could only copy in black and white, was upgraded to a machine that can scan and copy in color.

But the most significant technological upgrade was in the work flow process where everything from estimating to bidding and job costing was done on sheets of yellow paper, which were then given to a secretary, who would hand-enter everything into the computer.

Our efficiency was bogged down, and we knew we had to change that to streamline our operation, Eichholz says.

Eichholz introduced newer technology techniques and Olson revamped the bidding process with a new seven-tab Excel document that combines estimating, job costing and pricing. Everything that was done by hand and hand-entered can now be done in one place, Eichholz says. And it is now done by the salespeople.

Eichholz says A & A upgraded its computers and provided two monitors for each user so people can look at two screens at the same time. Now they dont have to bounce back and forth on the same screen; they can look at the documents side by side, he says. It makes everything easier and more efficient.

A & A also provided its employees with iPhones and iPads, sent them to Apple for training, and now most work is paperless. That was a bit of a challenge, he says. Being an older company we have salesmen in their 50s and one is in his 80s we had some challenges to overcome. But we decided this was the way the company needed to go so we knew it was our job to get everyone on board.

Eichholz says they added an aerial mapping program that they combine with traditional on-the-ground measuring, and they turned to a new software program for creating all proposals.

Using that system, and building in our own language, so rather than having a secretary create a proposal as many as 1,000 times a year, its all done at the same time, Eichholz says. You just enter the specifics of each bid and the rest is already there for you. Its enabled us to bid five times the amount of jobs we used to in less time than we used to.

Eichholz and Olson say that at first there was quite a bit of resistance from their employees. We had a lot of push back from our sales staff because they were getting pushed outside of their comfort zone, Eichholz says. But dont let anyone tell you this technology is a young persons game or that people are too old to learn it and make it part of their work.

Bob learned all of this before anyone else, and hes the one who set up the Excel sheet with the seven tabs that forms the basis of our system. So we just told everyone if Bob can do it at his age theres no reason everyone else cant do it. We just had to be persistent with them. It took training and it took Bob and me working it through with them.

He says they succeeded in getting employees to buy in partly because A & A Paving incentivized every single step they took. Incentives were offered for:

Eichholz and Olson admit they had some difficult conversations at various points in the process. But we made it clear that this is the new direction of the ship, so if you want to stay, this is what you have to do. And we didnt lose anyone, he says.

In fact, Olson says they regularly hear comments from employees about how easy the job is compared to what they used to have to do.

Once theyd made some internal, operational improvements Olson and Eichholz really went after the marketing. Some of the improvements were visible an updated logo, cleaned and waxed trucks, a revitalized website, drone videos -- but others, such as a change in approach to markets, were conceptual.

Possibly the most important marketing improvement was a shift from a blanket, one-size-fits-all approach to tailoring approaches to industry-specific markets such as industrial, retail, and homeowner associations. Eichholz says that coming from his property manager background provided insights that A & A is now putting to use.

I know what the pain points of a commercial property manager are and what their problems are, and we leverage that when we go in to sell commercial work, he says.

And now they take the same approach for each type of customer. We really learn about each different market and then go after what their pain points are, Eichholz says. Once we learn their pain points we know how to address them and we even create videos that show that we understand and can address them.

Banks, he says, are a good example. We know they have to keep their drive-throughs open and their ATMs open and we know how to do that well. We can make them more comfortable by letting them know we understand that and we can help them, he says.

A lot of this is what we already knew and what we already did, but we didnt always convey that to our customers. And our customers didnt always know or understand that we understood them and their problems or concerns. Now they can see that we understand their problems in their specific industry instead of just We pave, patch and seal.

Among the visible changes are website improvements but not just the addition of an FAQ page, a link to testimonials, and photos and drone videos of finished and in-process jobs. We recognized that we needed to invest more and needed to look better and have more information -- such as videos -- than everyone else, so thats what we did, he says.

But the biggest website change is the way the website is accessed by potential customers. We invested heavily in Google words and search engine optimization (SEO) for a more robust website to help bring in more leads.

Eichholz says they track the site weekly to see how its performing and what its doing for the company.

In 2016 we had 25 times more people coming to our site than we had before we changed them up, he says.

Transformation doesnt automatically yield success, but it did for A & A Paving Contractors.

Now were selling twice what we used to with less effort and in less time, Olson says.

But more than that, A & A now has greater control over its entire sales and production process. They know what bids are out, what work is in the pipeline, which bids have been opened, which have closed and which ones theyve lost.

Before we didnt know our closing rates and we didnt know what was in the pipeline, Eichholz says. Now we know weekly and monthly sales in the pipeline as well as projects weve bid that have yet to be awarded. We can track when a property manager opens the email with the proposal attached so we know when hes looking at it and we know when we can reach out to him and restart the conversation.

And the system enabled A & A to identify its sweet spots, the type of work the company performs well and efficiently and which provides its greatest profit.

Our whole presence in the market completely changed, Eichholz says. We want to reflect our professionalism and how hard our guys work and what weve done helps convey that. And from an operations standpoint its all happening more easily and more profitably.

COVER CAPTION: Front row (from left), Roy Johnson, pavement consultant; Todd Eichholz, owner; Bob Olson, owner; Tom Swing, pavement consultant; Steve Kalina, pavement consultant. Second row (from left) Nate Olson, pavement consultant; Joe Baker, pavement consultant.

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2017 Contractor of the Year - ForConstructionPros.com