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Holuhraun ([h:lurin]( listen)) is a lava field in Suur-ingeyjarssla, Northeastern Region, Iceland. Holuhraun is in the Icelandic Highlands, north of Vatnajkull. The lava field was created by fissure eruptions.[1] After a research expedition in 1880, the lava field was initially called Kvislarhraun. Four years later, it received its current name by the geologist and geographer, orvaldur Thoroddsen.[1]

Holuhraun is situated at the southern end of dahraun, which is one of the largest lava fields in the country. The main volume of the Jkuls Fjllum river flows from the eastern side of Holuhraun, in the Kverkfjll area.[1]Hrimalda, Urarhls and Kistufell are to the west of Holuhraun, with Dyngjuhls and Trlladyngja beyond.[2] The Dyngjujkull glacier, which is part of Vatnajkull, is to the immediate south.[1][2] Holuhraun is about 15km (9.3mi) south of the Askja caldera,[3] and the Brarbunga volcano is 41.39km (25.7mi) to the south-west[4] of Holuhraun. Holuhraun is traversed by an unnumbered road, which connects to the Route F910 gravel road at both the east and the west ends.[5][6]

Located at the northern and southern extensions of the Brarbunga and Askja fissure systems, respectively, the soil is mainly composed of lavas derived from these volcanoes, either in the form of flows or alluvial deposits of volcanic origin. The geological configuration, along with the presence of nearby subglacial volcanoes such as Brarbunga and Grmsvtn, is responsible for the risk of jkulhlaups, which have already affected Holuhraun, repeatedly.

Until 2014, the surface of the lava field was of an older lava flow, which had erupted from a vent associated with Askja in 1797.[7][8] In the early hours of 29 August 2014, a small fissure eruption occurred in Holuhraun at the northern end of a magma intrusion which had moved progressively north, since 16 August, from the Brarbunga volcano.[3] The progression of the magma intrusion was accompanied by an earthquake swarm.[9] The eruption began just after midnight and stopped at 04:00 GMT.[10] The active fissure was about 600m (660yd) in length.[11]

Another fissure eruption started in Holuhraun at around 05:05 GMT on the morning of 31 August 2014, in the same rift as the eruption which had occurred two days earlier.[12] The eruptive fissure was estimated to be 1.5km (0.93mi) long.[11] By 4 September, the total area of the lava flow was estimated at 10.8km2 (4.2sqmi).[11] Two new eruptive fissures formed south of the main eruption site, on 5 September.[11] The new fissures were substantially smaller than the older fissure.[11] By 7 September, the lava flow had extended 11km (6.8mi) to the north, and had reached the main western branch of the Jkuls Fjllum river.[11] The eruption showed no visible activity in the southern fissure, on the evening of 7 September.[11] The lava flow is considered to be the largest in recent decades in Iceland and covered 44km2 (17sqmi) on 29 September.[13] The following is the latest information from the Icelandic Met Office on the volcanic and seismic activity in Brarbunga and Holuhraun. The volcanic eruption in Holuhraun continues with similar intensity as the last few weeks. The lava field covered 63 square kilometers in late October. [14]

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