The Unsavory Roots Of The Second Amendment Sanctuary Movement | 90.1 FM WABE – WABE 90.1 FM
Theres been a massive wave of public resistance in Virginia to gun regulations proposed by the recently-elected and Democratic-dominated state legislature there. This winter, supporters of gun rights across the state filled local meetings and, in more than 130 jurisdictions, fought for resolutions to become Second Amendment Sanctuaries, which dozens have passed.
While Virginias Attorney General says the measures hold no legal weight, they affirm that sheriffs and county officials plan to refuse to enforce what they say are unconstitutional state or federal gun regulations.
As Virginias legislative session begins, much of the pro-gun energy is now set to coalesce around the gun rights advocacy group Virginia Citizens Defense Leagues annual lobby day at the state capitol in Richmond. But scholars of the American far-right say the principles underlying the current sanctuary movement have a history steeped in bigotry.
According to Devin Burghart, an expert on white nationalism and far-right paramilitary organizations, the language of some who support the sanctuary resolutions in Virginia bears unmistakable links to anti-government movements from decades past.
Specifically, Burghart points to the visible influence of the idea of posse comitatus, Latin for power of the county.
Burghart says the posse comitatus theory claims that the political will of the people is at its most potent at the county level, and as such, the most important holders of public office are county sheriffs.
An elected Sheriff answers only to the citizenry, wrote Sheriff Scott Jenkins of Culpeper County, Virginia, in a recent Facebook post on the Sheriffs Office page. I will always respect the rule of law but I dont need to wait for a court to interpret my duty for me.
Sheriff Jenkins has been an outspoken supporter of the Virginia sanctuaries, vowing to deputize county residents to resist state laws regulating guns, should they pass.
This notion of county supremacy and the ideas of the posse comitatus that go all the way back to the 1970s, and the idea of the sheriff being the most important law enforcement officer in the land is one that has deep and deeply troubling roots in this country, said Burghart, executive director of the Institute for Research and Education on Human Rights. The ideas originated in the racist right.
He says the notion was popularized by a man named William Potter Gale, a virulent racist and anti-Semite, as described by Burghart. Gale founded a paramilitary group named Posse Comitatus and went on to help launch the Christian Patriot movement in the 1980s, during a farm crisis in the Midwest.
It was in the midst of this dramatic economic collapse of family farms during the 80s that groups like the Posse stepped in and tried to claim it was the Jews who were behind an international banking conspiracy that were putting farmers out of business, said Burghart.
This history is documented by author Daniel Levitas in his 2002 book The Terrorist Next Door: The Militia Movement and the Radical Right. Posse adherent Gordon Kahl would go on to kill federal marshals before the group began to dissolve.
Since the 80s, Burghart says ideas about county supremacy have evolved and actively spread throughout the country, often through sheriffs in the Pacific Northwest and Southwest.
These ideas keep getting retrenched and brought to the surface when we see efforts to try to bring about change around things like gun rights or property rights or other issues that have an impact in local communities, said Burghart.
In 2009, an Arizona sheriff named Richard Mack, who disavows violence, wrote the book The County Sheriff: Americas Last Hope, in which he coined the phrase constitutional sheriff, an idea embraced by defiant law enforcement leaders including former Arizona sheriff Joe Arpaio.
Mack is founder and president of the Constitutional Sheriffs and Peace Officers Association, and gained prominence in the 1990s. He was a plaintiff in a successful lawsuit resisting requirements that law enforcement perform background checks on gun buyers as originally intended by the Clinton-era Brady Bill. He says hes in touch with some of the sheriffs supporting Second Amendment sanctuaries today.
A lot of those sanctuary cities and counties across the country dont go far enough, said Mack. What do you do if they still come in and try to take law abiding citizens guns? [The sheriffs] need to actually intervene and interpose and not let it happen.
These county supremacy and constitutional sheriff principles are glaringly visible to experts like Burghart in the rhetoric and resolutions coming out of Virginia. But its not clear that this history is common knowledge among the average gun rights supporters whove peacefully raised their voices against proposed gun regulations in Virginia.
Thats a huge problem, said Burghart. Its virtually impossible when you adopt the language and the rhetoric of white supremacy to somehow rhetorically distance yourself from it. You need to not use that language in the first place, and you need to understand where its coming from and what it means to people in your community.
On Wednesday, Virginia Gov. Ralph Northam declared a state of emergency and temporary ban on weapons on the state capitol grounds where the VCDLs rally is set to be held. Less than a day later, Marylands U.S. Attorney General announced that the FBI had arrested three alleged members of a racially motivated violent extremist group who officials say were planning to attend the Virginia rally.
On Friday, three Georgia men authorities suspected of being part of the same group were arrested, though it is unclear whether they planned to travel to the rally.
Before the ban, organizers of the January 20 rally had urged attendees to safeguard the public image of gun rights supporters by not bringing rifles to the event.
If you are asking how you can help with VCDLs mission, carrying long guns at Lobby Day is not helpful it is a distraction. VCDLs important messages inevitably get lost as the press rushes to get pictures of anyone carrying an AR or AK, wrote VCDL President Philip Van Cleave.
However, Van Cleave has also welcomed militia to attend the event in Richmond. Members of militia groups including the Oath Keepers and III% Security Force are expected to attend.
This article will be updated with more reporting from the rally on Monday.
Guns & America is a public media reporting project on the role of guns in American life.
See more here:
The Unsavory Roots Of The Second Amendment Sanctuary Movement | 90.1 FM WABE - WABE 90.1 FM
- Charlie Kirks Shocking 2023 Gun Statement Goes VIRAL after Assassination | Defends Second Amendment - Oneindia - September 17th, 2025 [September 17th, 2025]
- Georgia Sheriff Calls Upon Citizens to Exercise Their Second Amendment Rights - Firearms News - September 17th, 2025 [September 17th, 2025]
- The Trump Administration's Half-Baked Plan to Disarm Transgender People Is Legally Bankrupt: Such a Gun Ban Is Not Authorized by Statute or Allowed by... - September 17th, 2025 [September 17th, 2025]
- Budget Committee Approves Ratification Bill on Second Amendment to EC-Bulgaria Financing Agreement under Recovery and Resilience Facility - - September 17th, 2025 [September 17th, 2025]
- Guns of Delusion: Who killed Charlie Kirk? America's Second Amendment obstinacy - The Times of India - September 13th, 2025 [September 13th, 2025]
- Charlie Kirks Murder Illustrates How the Second Amendment Is Swallowing the First - Slate - September 13th, 2025 [September 13th, 2025]
- Vaccines, the Second Amendment, and the Utah Supreme Court - Utah Public Radio - September 13th, 2025 [September 13th, 2025]
- Florida Court Strikes Down Open Carry Ban, Aligning Firearm Laws with Second Amendment - Hoodline - September 13th, 2025 [September 13th, 2025]
- Charlie Kirk's pro-Second Amendment stance revisited after shooting death - Daily Express US - September 13th, 2025 [September 13th, 2025]
- Florida touts big win for Second Amendment after court throws out open carry ban - Washington Examiner - September 13th, 2025 [September 13th, 2025]
- Second Amendment activists in shock as Charlie Kirk shot instead of just schoolchildren - The Beaverton - September 13th, 2025 [September 13th, 2025]
- Fact Check: Charlie Kirk once said some gun deaths 'worth it' in order to have Second Amendment - Yahoo News UK - September 11th, 2025 [September 11th, 2025]
- DeSantis announces 'Second Amendment' tax holiday, renews push for open carry of guns - The Northwest Florida Daily News - September 11th, 2025 [September 11th, 2025]
- Fact Check: Charlie Kirk once said some gun deaths 'worth it' in order to have Second Amendment - Yahoo News Canada - September 11th, 2025 [September 11th, 2025]
- Charlie Kirk once said some gun deaths 'worth it' in order to have Second Amendment - Snopes - September 11th, 2025 [September 11th, 2025]
- Charlie Kirk said "some gun deaths" were an acceptable cost for having Second Amendment gun rights - Daily Kos - September 11th, 2025 [September 11th, 2025]
- Medical Marijuana and the Second Amendment: Eleventh Circuit Revives Second Amendment Challenge to Federal Ban on Gun Ownership for Drug Users - JD... - September 11th, 2025 [September 11th, 2025]
- Charlie Kirks Pro-Gun, Second Amendment Comments Resurface After Fatal Shooting at UVU - Times Now - September 11th, 2025 [September 11th, 2025]
- Reader says protect Second Amendment rights, but reduce access to some firearms - San Antonio Express-News - September 11th, 2025 [September 11th, 2025]
- DeSantis announces 'Second Amendment' tax holiday, renews push for open carry of guns - Lakeland Ledger - September 11th, 2025 [September 11th, 2025]
- Charlie Kirk, shot dead in Utah, once said gun deaths are 'worth it' to save Second Amendment - Firstpost - September 11th, 2025 [September 11th, 2025]
- Florida will have a Second Amendment sales tax holiday. Here's what to know - Pensacola News Journal - September 9th, 2025 [September 9th, 2025]
- DeSantis announces 'Second Amendment' tax holiday, renews push for open carry of guns - yahoo.com - September 9th, 2025 [September 9th, 2025]
- Florida Second Amendment Sales Tax Holiday begins, runs through end of the year - Floridas Voice - September 9th, 2025 [September 9th, 2025]
- Marylands Handgun Roster Board: a rubber stamp or assault on Second Amendment? - Baltimore Sun - September 6th, 2025 [September 6th, 2025]
- Tennessee joins other states on Second Amendment SCOTUS brief - WKRN News 2 - September 6th, 2025 [September 6th, 2025]
- Opinion: Bill 36-0144 Is an Unconstitutional and Racist Attack on the Second Amendment - The Virgin Islands Consortium - September 6th, 2025 [September 6th, 2025]
- Letter to the Editor: Americas Deadliest LoopholeThe Case Against the Second Amendment - Peachtree City Citizen - September 6th, 2025 [September 6th, 2025]
- Congressional Democrats Try to Stop AG Bondi from Restoring Ex-Offenders Second Amendment Rights - Cato Institute - September 5th, 2025 [September 5th, 2025]
- Understanding the Second Amendment commas and all - thepress.net - September 5th, 2025 [September 5th, 2025]
- In Louisiana, gun sales are promoted with Second Amendment tax break - Shreveport Times - September 3rd, 2025 [September 3rd, 2025]
- In Louisiana, gun sales are promoted with Second Amendment tax break - yahoo.com - September 3rd, 2025 [September 3rd, 2025]
- Cabinet Asks Parliament to Ratify Second Amendment to Recovery, Resilience Facility Financing Agreement with EC - - September 3rd, 2025 [September 3rd, 2025]
- Hunters get tax break during Louisianas Second Amendment Sales Tax Holiday Sept. 57 - Unfiltered with Kiran - September 3rd, 2025 [September 3rd, 2025]
- Analysis: The Latest on Weed, Dangerousness, and the Second Amendment [Member Exclusive] - The Reload - September 1st, 2025 [September 1st, 2025]
- Second Amendment Sales Tax Holiday recognized this weekend - WAPT - August 29th, 2025 [August 29th, 2025]
- Mississippis Second Amendment Sales Tax Holiday set for this weekend - supertalk.fm - August 29th, 2025 [August 29th, 2025]
- Minneapolis shooting: Who is Brandon Herrera? Second Amendment activist named in now-deleted video of att - The Times of India - August 29th, 2025 [August 29th, 2025]
- Nepal Citizenship (Second Amendment) Bill tabled in Parliament - Khabarhub - August 29th, 2025 [August 29th, 2025]
- Missouris Bizarre Second Amendment Law Is Going to the Supreme Court - The New Republic - August 26th, 2025 [August 26th, 2025]
- 10 Cool Ways to Introduce Someone to Their Second Amendment Freedom | An Official Journal Of The NRA - Americas 1st Freedom - August 26th, 2025 [August 26th, 2025]
- New Second Amendment: How the NYPD, Manhattan DA are fighting radical online ghost gun manufacturers - amNewYork - August 26th, 2025 [August 26th, 2025]
- Following the Yellow Envelope Act, the "The Strong Commercial Law (Second amendment to the Commercia.. - - August 26th, 2025 [August 26th, 2025]
- Gun Owners of America, Gun Owners Foundation, and Gun Owners California Mourn the Passing of Sam Paredes, Tireless Defender of the Second Amendment -... - August 24th, 2025 [August 24th, 2025]
- The JudgeScholar Collaboration Driving Second Amendment Law - Brennan Center for Justice - August 22nd, 2025 [August 22nd, 2025]
- NYC Tragedy Reminds Us of Invaluable Second Amendment Rights - The Daily Signal - August 20th, 2025 [August 20th, 2025]
- Mississippis 2025 Second Amendment Sales Tax Holiday: What you need to know - DeSoto County News - August 18th, 2025 [August 18th, 2025]
- Second Amendment rights must apply to our military service members | PHIL WILLIAMS - Gadsden Times - August 18th, 2025 [August 18th, 2025]
- GOALS 2025 Recap A Growing Second Amendment Gathering In Knoxville - concealedcarry.com - August 12th, 2025 [August 12th, 2025]
- GOA Launches Fuerza 2A to Champion Hispanic Voices for the Second Amendment at GOALS 2025 - Gun Owners of America - August 9th, 2025 [August 9th, 2025]
- Wearing Freedom: The Cultural Rise of Second Amendment Shirts in American Fashion - Breaking AC - August 9th, 2025 [August 9th, 2025]
- Disparities in justice yet another reason to defend Second Amendment - sungazette.com - August 7th, 2025 [August 7th, 2025]
- Judge rules that Rhode Island's gun permit system does not violate Second Amendment - Temple Daily Telegram - August 7th, 2025 [August 7th, 2025]
- Judge rules that Rhode Islands gun permit system does not violate Second Amendment - AP News - August 6th, 2025 [August 6th, 2025]
- NRA, Other Leading Second Amendment Groups File Lawsuit Challenging the Constitutionality of the National Firearms Act | An Official Journal Of The... - August 6th, 2025 [August 6th, 2025]
- Societe Generale: Availability of the second amendment to 2025 Universal Registration Document and of the interim financial report - Yahoo Finance - August 1st, 2025 [August 1st, 2025]
- Second Amendment Scores Big in the One Big Beautiful Bill - EPIC for America - August 1st, 2025 [August 1st, 2025]
- ICYMI - Issa, Stefanik Introduce Bill Fighting Anti-Second Amendment Laws in CA, NY - Representative Darrell Issa | (.gov) - July 30th, 2025 [July 30th, 2025]
- Yes, The Second Amendment is a Civil Right | An Official Journal Of The NRA - Americas 1st Freedom - July 30th, 2025 [July 30th, 2025]
- Code of Criminal Procedure (Second Amendment) Ordinance, 2025 okayed - Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS) - July 24th, 2025 [July 24th, 2025]
- The Second Amendment Victory in GOPs Big, Beautiful Bill: News Article - Independent Institute - July 22nd, 2025 [July 22nd, 2025]
- Second Amendment doesn't cover convicted felons caught trying to exchange drugs for guns at a South Boston skating-rink parking lot, judge concludes -... - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- Missouri sheriffs form alliance to protect Second Amendment rights - First Alert 4 - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- GrabAGun, a Mobile-Focused Online Firearms Retailer and Defender of the Second Amendment, Completes Business Combination with Colombier II and Will... - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- Missouri sheriffs form alliance to protect Second Amendment rights - KY3 - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- Guns & Moses Reminds Us All About the Importance of Faith and the Second Amendment - The Daily Signal - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- Nathan Magsig: Why Our Second Amendment Resolution Matters to the People of the Central Valley - GV Wire - July 10th, 2025 [July 10th, 2025]
- College student claims professor wouldnt grade her paper on the Second Amendment - WWNY - July 10th, 2025 [July 10th, 2025]
- College student claims professor wouldnt grade her paper on the Second Amendment - WAFB - July 8th, 2025 [July 8th, 2025]
- The Department of Justice Started a Second Amendment Task Force | An Official Journal Of The NRA - Americas 1st Freedom - July 8th, 2025 [July 8th, 2025]
- College student claims professor wouldnt grade her paper on the Second Amendment - Action News 5 - July 6th, 2025 [July 6th, 2025]
- College student claims professor wouldnt grade her paper on the Second Amendment - WABI - July 4th, 2025 [July 4th, 2025]
- The Second Amendment And The Federal Prohibition On Unlawful Drug Users From Possessing Firearms Analysis - Eurasia Review - July 4th, 2025 [July 4th, 2025]
- Two illogical GOP issues: The Electoral College and Second Amendment - The Durango Herald - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- Second Amendment 'setback': Gun tax cuts stripped from Trump's 'big, beautiful bill' - Fox News - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- Mass Shooting Prevented Because of Second Amendment, Expert Says - The Daily Signal - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- An Official Journal Of The NRA | Why This UFC Fighter Believes in the Second Amendment - Americas 1st Freedom - June 24th, 2025 [June 24th, 2025]
- InfluenceWatch Podcast #369: Suppressors, the Second Amendment, and the Fight Against the NFA - Capital Research Center - June 24th, 2025 [June 24th, 2025]
- Cornyn Praises Second Amendment Provisions Included in Senates One Big Beautiful Bill - Senator Cornyn (.gov) - June 20th, 2025 [June 20th, 2025]
- DOJ Says AR-15s, Ammo Magazines Protected by Second Amendment in Seventh Circuit Brief - The Reload - June 20th, 2025 [June 20th, 2025]