Parsing Satoshi: What the Malmi emails reveal about Bitcoin’s creator – Cointelegraph
The 260 emails run 140,000 words the length of a long novel but this online correspondence between Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoins creator, and Martti Malmi, an early developer, comprises a trove of primary historical information about Bitcoins early days.
Some of the material published by Malmi last week isnt new. It includes fragments from Bitcoins question and answer dump, for instance, that have been seen before, so one has to tread carefully before claiming new revelations.
Still, the email exchanges, mainly between Malmi and Satoshi, dating from May 2009 to February 2011, present Bitcoins pseudonymous founder in, arguably, a more casual and natural light than widely seen before.
He is by turns prescient and naive anticipating even back in 2009 that Bitcoin might eventually face some ecological or environmental problems because of its energy-intensive proof-of-work validation mechanism, for instance: Ironic if we end up having to choose between economic liberty and conservation, he says.
Yet he doesnt seem to grasp Bitcoins scaling challenges. In a May 3, 2009 email, he writes:
Why has the correspondence appeared just now? Malmi did not feel comfortable sharing private correspondence earlier, as he explained in the GitHub posting, but he decided to do so because of an important trial in the U.K. in 2024 where I was a witness, referring to the group of cryptocurrency exchanges and developers that brought suit against Craig Wright, who himself claimed to be Satoshi Nakamoto.
Last week, Cointelegraph canvassed knowledgeable industry sources for reactions to this electronic mail bonanza and what, if anything, it adds to our understanding of Bitcoins history and its elusive founder.
Jeremy Clark, co-author with Arvind Narayanan in an often-cited 2017 paper on Bitcoins precursors, was asked if he found anything surprising in the email hoard.
Recent: Murder by (smart) contract: Ari Juels publishes crypto thriller
The tone was much more conversational and informal than Satoshis postings on the mailing list [a historic document], Clark told Cointelegraph, though cautioning that the published emails are also interspersed with quotes from earlier emails that were made public before. So, some quotes are new, and some are not, which can be confusing.
For instance, in email #3 (May 3, 2009), Satoshi refers to the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EC-DSA), which is a cryptographically secure digital signature scheme: But EC-DSA cant encrypt messages like RSA, it can only be used to verify signatures. This is not new, noted Clark, who nonetheless commented:
Clark added: I say this with the greatest respect to the person who wrote one of the most highly cited cryptography papers of all time.
Now an associate professor at Canadas Concordia University, Clark was struck by Satoshis language, which isnt always woke. At one point, Bitcoins creator says: I know this sounds really r*tarded. [email #24].
That didnt age well, Clark said.
It actually contrasts with his hesitancy to swear generally, continued Clark. For example, Sourceforge is just so darn slow. [email #45] Ive tested the heck out of it [email #44].
Maybe he grew up religious? Southern USA? A lot of the other slang he uses sweet, newbies, suck, screwed, goofball makes me think he isnt super old. He talks like I did then, said Clark, who was born in the early 1980s.
Satoshis language drew comments from other readers. In email #117, Satoshi uses the term Disco/web-1990s.
From this, it can be concluded that he was an active user of the internet in the 1990s, Jan Lansky, who heads the department of computer science and mathematics at Pragues University of Finance and Administration, told Cointelegraph.
In email #118, Satoshi uses the keyword loop in the source code. This keyword is used very rarely in programming languages, Lansky continued. Indeed, Lansky did a search and found that it was used in the Forth programming language, which was also a stack-based model like Bitcoins scripting language. Lansky added:
So perhaps Satoshi worked in the telecom industry?
Maybe Satoshis regular work didnt even involve programming. Its good to be coding again!" Satoshi proclaims on Oct. 16, 2009 (email #35).
Clark said, Maybe Im reading too much into this, but he doesnt say good to be coding on Bitcoin again, just good to be coding again, adding:
It is often asked why Satoshi walked away from Bitcoin, passing the baton to Gavin Andresen in early 2011. Maybe a demanding day job had something to do with it. If so, this makes for a less dramatic story than some other speculation, such as the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) targeting Bitcoins inventor.
Ive also been busy with other things for the last month and a half, says Satoshi on May 16, 2010, in email #192, I just now downloaded my e-mail since the beginning of April [...] Im not going to be much help right now either, pretty busy with work, and need a break from it after 18 months development.
According to Clark, This is the best picture of why Satoshi left the scene. It had nothing to do with the CIA or other sinister happenings: He just burned out.
As Bitcoin became more popular, Clark further theorized, Every break you take results in a bigger stack of things to go through, which makes you more likely to put it off. Eventually, Satoshi just gave up and ghosted the project.
Once Satoshi decides to withdraw from day-to-day Bitcoin-related activities, Malmi plays a role in finding his replacement: Should we make a recruitment thread on the forum? he asks Satoshi on Dec. 3, 2010 (email #240).
Satoshi answers (email #241) the same day: It should be Gavin [Andresen]. I trust him, hes responsible, professional, and technically much more Linux capable than me.
Three days later (email #242), Malmi responds: Ok, Ill ask him.
Martien van Steenbergen appears in email #3 asking about Bitcoins new payment system: Is this akin to David Chaums anonymous digital money?
Satoshi labors to explain the differences between his invention and Chaums DigiCash, adding:
Did Satoshi have a point? Did he foresee how a decentralized currency would prevail over all the centralized money experiments?
Chaums centralized approach suffers from a single point of failure, its center, Steenbergen, a senior agile and lean management trainer, coach and product owner at AardRock in the Netherlands, told Cointelegraph. So Satoshi has a point there. What I do not like about Bitcoin is that, over the years, you have witnessed its enormous energy hunger to mine the coins. Also, I despise its concentration of wealth. The world needs a distributed, safe, secure, open [source], and cheap system that favors all, not just a few.
Lansky added: At that time, there were many centralized systems of electronic money, which failed one by one precisely because of the failure of the central authority. Satoshi also had historical knowledge of state financial systems, which, on average, fail after decades.
The matter of Bitcoins potential energy profligacy is also addressed in the emails, though in 2009, Bitcoin (BTC) minings electrical usage was minuscule. Today, by comparison, Bitcoins annualized power consumption is comparable to that of Ukraine, and its carbon footprint is roughly equivalent to that of Romania, according to Digiconomist.
In email #3, Satoshi comments on the potentially troubling tradeoff between security provided by Bitcoins energy-intensive proof-of-work validation mechanism and energy conservation. As quoted above, he notes the irony of one day having to choose between economic liberty and conservation.
Satoshi continues, even if it [i.e., Bitcoin] did grow to consume significant energy, I think it would still be less wasteful than the labour and resource intensive conventional banking activity it would replace.
Maybe Satoshi was greener than we knew?
Vili Lehdonvirta, professor of economic sociology and digital social research at the Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, doesnt see it that way. Its definitely not very green. Its a sort of whatabout argument, but it fails even at that because the cryptocurrency industry ended up creating its own labor and resource waste, including massive amounts of spam, he told Cointelegraph.
Overall, do the emails bring us closer to learning the true identity of Bitcoins inventor? And if not, should we care?
They help eliminate candidates, which is why they came up in the trial, Clark told Cointelegraph. There are maybe some small clues, but my view is that there are not enough public facts known about Satoshi to identify him based on what we know.
Hes definitely not very Japanese, Lehdonvirta told Cointelegraph. But that we knew already.
Recent: What the Bitcoin halving means for BTC mining centralization
We may never know Satoshis identity, and maybe it doesnt matter. Its the system thats important and that transcends any individual, company or government.
Or as cryptographer Michael Clear told the New Yorker back in 2011: Anybody can review the code, and the network isnt controlled by any one entity. Thats what inspires confidence in the system.
And maybe thats why Satoshi could just walk away.
Read more from the original source:
Parsing Satoshi: What the Malmi emails reveal about Bitcoin's creator - Cointelegraph
- 16 years ago, Satoshi Nakamoto registered on BitcoinTalk: Key Moments in Bitcoin History - Pintu - November 20th, 2025 [November 20th, 2025]
- Why Satoshi Nakamoto's Bitcoin Wallets Can't Be Unlocked With 24 Words - Bitcoin.com News - November 16th, 2025 [November 16th, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto's holdings fall by $4.9B over the past 24 hours, now at $118B - Crypto Briefing - November 3rd, 2025 [November 3rd, 2025]
- Bitcoin Community Celebrates 17th Anniversary of Satoshi Nakamoto's Whitepaper - X - November 3rd, 2025 [November 3rd, 2025]
- What happened to Bitcoin 17 years after Satoshi Nakamoto's publication - UA.NEWS - November 3rd, 2025 [November 3rd, 2025]
- Bitget launches GetAgent Satoshi Nakamoto Special Edition, paying tribute to the 17th anniversary of the Bitcoin white paper with AI dialogue. -... - November 3rd, 2025 [November 3rd, 2025]
- Exclusive: Jameson Lopp Says Bitcoin Users Are Making A Mistake That Satoshi Nakamoto Warned Against: 'We're Fighting Against Human Nature' - Benzinga - October 30th, 2025 [October 30th, 2025]
- Tucker Carlson links Satoshi Nakamoto to CIA, and Bitcoin fans hate it - TheStreet - October 24th, 2025 [October 24th, 2025]
- Tucker Carlson Suggests Bitcoin Creator Satoshi Nakamoto May Have Ties to CIA - Cryptonews - October 24th, 2025 [October 24th, 2025]
- Bitcoin community slams Tucker Carlson after claim Satoshi Nakamoto tied to CIA - Crypto Economy - October 24th, 2025 [October 24th, 2025]
- Tucker Carlson Skeptical About Bitcoin Investment Due To 'Mysterious' Creator Satoshi Nakamoto Again Ties CIA To Apex Crypto - Benzinga - October 23rd, 2025 [October 23rd, 2025]
- What is Bitcoin if not crypto? Rumored Satoshi Nakamoto weighs in - TradingView - October 23rd, 2025 [October 23rd, 2025]
- Will Satoshi Nakamoto Move Any Bitcoin This Year? Degens Are Betting on It - Decrypt - October 21st, 2025 [October 21st, 2025]
- Is Satoshi Nakamoto about to make a move? Polymarket bets spike on 2025 Bitcoin transfer - what it could m - The Economic Times - October 19th, 2025 [October 19th, 2025]
- Why SharpLink's CEO Thinks Bitcoin Creator Satoshi Nakamoto Will Return - Decrypt - September 9th, 2025 [September 9th, 2025]
- Prediction: Bitcoin Creator Satoshi Nakamoto Will Be Worth More Than Warren Buffett by the End of Summer - AOL.com - September 9th, 2025 [September 9th, 2025]
- Bitcoin and quantum threat: The "crazy theory" of SharpLink CEO about Satoshi Nakamoto - Cointribune - September 9th, 2025 [September 9th, 2025]
- Hollywood to Produce Thriller on Satoshi Nakamoto - ForkLog - September 3rd, 2025 [September 3rd, 2025]
- This is the fate of Bitcoin.org at the age of 17: The Website of Satoshi Nakamoto, the Creator of Bitcoin - Pintu - August 20th, 2025 [August 20th, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto Finally Uncovered? Is Twitter Founder Jack Dorsey Bitcoins Anon Creator - 99Bitcoins - August 18th, 2025 [August 18th, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto Now Richer Than Bill GatesCould Bitcoin Hit $250,000? - InteractiveCrypto - August 14th, 2025 [August 14th, 2025]
- The Mystery of Satoshi Nakamoto: Controlling 11.8 billion dollars, yet not moving a cent for 15 years - Binance - August 12th, 2025 [August 12th, 2025]
- Tether CEO Backs Petition to Restore Vandalized Satoshi Nakamoto Statue in Switzerland - AInvest - August 9th, 2025 [August 9th, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto statue stolen and dumped in lake in Lugano - CryptoRank - August 9th, 2025 [August 9th, 2025]
- Vandalism Against Satoshi Nakamoto Statue Sparks Protest: You Can Steal Our Symbol, But You Will Never Be Able To Steal Our Souls' - AOL.com - August 6th, 2025 [August 6th, 2025]
- Bitcoin Creator Satoshi Nakamoto Statue Recovered from Lake Lugano After Vandalism - Yahoo Finance - August 6th, 2025 [August 6th, 2025]
- Who Is Satoshi Nakamoto? The Bitcoin Creator No One's Ever Seen - Yahoo Finance - August 6th, 2025 [August 6th, 2025]
- Bitcoin News Today: Satoshi Nakamoto Statue Vandalized in Switzerland Amid $11,000 Reward Offer - AInvest - August 6th, 2025 [August 6th, 2025]
- Bitcoin News Today: Satoshi Nakamoto Statue Stolen in Switzerland Vandalism Prompted 0.1 Bitcoin Reward Offered - AInvest - August 6th, 2025 [August 6th, 2025]
- Bitcoin News Today: Vandalism Shatters Satoshi Nakamoto Statue in Switzerland Amid Global Bitcoin Outrage - AInvest - August 6th, 2025 [August 6th, 2025]
- The statue sinks into the lake, but who is erasing Satoshi Nakamoto? - ChainCatcher - August 6th, 2025 [August 6th, 2025]
- Petition Launched To Restore Vandalized Satoshi Nakamoto Statue in Lugano - The BTC Times - August 6th, 2025 [August 6th, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto Statue Recovered After Vandalism in Swiss Bitcoin Hub - CoinCentral - August 6th, 2025 [August 6th, 2025]
- The Statue of Satoshi Nakamoto Thrown into the Lake, Is Lugano's 'European Crypto Dream' Still Alive? - Binance - August 6th, 2025 [August 6th, 2025]
- Lugano authorities recover Satoshi Nakamoto statue that was thrown in lake - The Block - August 3rd, 2025 [August 3rd, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto statue found after group offers 0.1 BTC reward for help in recovery - Cryptopolitan - August 3rd, 2025 [August 3rd, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto Statue Stolen In Switzerland: 0.1 BTC Crypto Reward On Offer For Its Return - 99Bitcoins - August 3rd, 2025 [August 3rd, 2025]
- Where is Satoshi Nakamoto? Statue Honouring the Bitcoin Creator Gets Stolen in Lugano - Yahoo Home - August 3rd, 2025 [August 3rd, 2025]
- The statue of Satoshi Nakamoto, founded with the participation of Tether, was stolen in Lugano, Switzerland - ChainCatcher - August 3rd, 2025 [August 3rd, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto Statue Stolen In Lugano, 0.1 $BTC Bounty Offered For Its Return - BlockchainReporter - August 3rd, 2025 [August 3rd, 2025]
- Who Was Satoshi Nakamoto And Why Is He Central To Crypto History? - Outlook India - August 1st, 2025 [August 1st, 2025]
- Bitcoin Creator Satoshi Nakamoto Once Said He Had No Time To 'Convince' Non-Believers: Why Coinbase CEO Brought It Up After 15 Years - Benzinga - July 30th, 2025 [July 30th, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto: Who is the founder of Bitcoin? - Cointribune - July 30th, 2025 [July 30th, 2025]
- Crypto Attorney Sues US Government to Unmask the Identity of Satoshi Nakamoto - The Portugal News - July 28th, 2025 [July 28th, 2025]
- Prediction: Bitcoin Creator Satoshi Nakamoto Will Be Worth More Than Warren Buffett by the End of Summer - MSN - July 22nd, 2025 [July 22nd, 2025]
- The Mystery of Satoshi Nakamoto: The Ghost Who Invented Bitcoin - Vocal - July 20th, 2025 [July 20th, 2025]
- Prediction: Bitcoin Creator Satoshi Nakamoto Will Be Worth More Than Warren Buffett by the End of Summer - The Motley Fool - July 20th, 2025 [July 20th, 2025]
- Could Satoshi Nakamoto Become the Richest Person on Earth by the End of 2025? - BeInCrypto - July 20th, 2025 [July 20th, 2025]
- Bitcoin's Untapped Wealth Potential and the Imminent Overtaking of Warren Buffett by Satoshi Nakamoto - AInvest - July 20th, 2025 [July 20th, 2025]
- Cantor Equity Partners I (CEPO) Soars On Potential Bitcoin Deal With Satoshi Nakamoto-Linked Adam Back - - July 20th, 2025 [July 20th, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto's Bitcoin Wealth Surges 8% to $129.1 Billion - AInvest - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- Elon Musk Reacts to Satoshi Nakamoto's Wallet Hack Joke, Denies Being the Mysterious Bitcoin Creator - AInvest - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- Bitcoin creator Satoshi Nakamoto is now worth $129 billion and ranks as the 11th richest man in the world - Times of India - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- Bitcoin creator Satoshi Nakamoto is now worth $129 billion and ranks as the 11th richest man in the world - MSN - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- Bitcoin Creator Satoshi Nakamoto's Net Worth Surges to $128 Billion; Mysterious Figure Challenges Warren Buffett's Spot Among The Wealthiest -... - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- Who is Satoshi Nakamoto, and how has he joined the list of the worlds richest - Times of India - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- Just ahead of Warren Buffett! Has Satoshi Nakamoto become the 11th richest person in the world? - - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto, Believed To Be Bitcoin Founder, Becomes 12th Richest Person In The World - MSN - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- Bitcoin Pushes Satoshi Nakamoto to 11th Richest in the World - investx.fr - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto becomes 11th richest man on Earth: Who is the mysterious Bitcoin founder? - Moneycontrol - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- Why is Bitcoin creator Satoshi Nakamoto unaware? No one has seen the face yet. - Insurance Khabar - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto Moves Closer to the Top 10 Richest Billionaires in the World - Binance - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto, Believed To Be Bitcoin Founder, Becomes 12th Richest Person In The World - Zee News - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto, who founded Bitcoin, becomes world's 12th richest person with $129-bn wealth: Report | This comes as Bitcoin hits new record highs |... - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- Bitcoin creator Satoshi Nakamoto is officially the 11th richest man in the world thanks to Bitcoin! - Pintu - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- Bitcoin Boom Pushes Satoshi Nakamoto Into Top 11 Wealthiest, At Nearly $130 Billion - Bitcoinist.com - July 14th, 2025 [July 14th, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto is now the 11th richest person in the world - Cointelegraph - July 14th, 2025 [July 14th, 2025]
- Bitcoin Creator Satoshi Nakamoto May Soon Overtake Warren Buffett To Become Worlds 10th Richest - TradingView - July 14th, 2025 [July 14th, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto becomes 11th richest person with $129 billion in Bitcoin wealth - Cryptopolitan - July 14th, 2025 [July 14th, 2025]
- Who Is Satoshi Nakamoto? Unraveling the Mystery Behind the Creator of Bitcoin - FinancialContent - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- The richest mystery in history: Satoshi Nakamoto. What is his net worth today? - WION - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- Will BlackRocks Bitcoin Holdings Surpass Those of Satoshi Nakamoto ? - investx.fr - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto: Discover the Mysterious Inventor of Bitcoin. - Red Hot Cyber - July 6th, 2025 [July 6th, 2025]
- Mysterious Bitcoin Wallet Linked to Satoshi Nakamoto Activates After 12 Years - AInvest - July 4th, 2025 [July 4th, 2025]
- Arkham: Satoshi Nakamoto address receives $20k from mystery wallet - Crypto News - July 2nd, 2025 [July 2nd, 2025]
- Bill Gates Left Behind By Satoshi Nakamoto: Bitcoin Creator's Wealth Now Eclipses That Of Microsoft Co-Founder Amid Crypto's Sharp Rebound - AOL.com - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto Quietly Controls 5% of Bitcoin, Becomes the 11th Richest Person in the World - TronWeekly - June 1st, 2025 [June 1st, 2025]
- Who owns the most Bitcoin in the world after Satoshi Nakamoto? - The Cryptonomist - June 1st, 2025 [June 1st, 2025]
- Bitcoin fluctuations ignite a race for wealth between Satoshi Nakamoto and the world's billionaires - - June 1st, 2025 [June 1st, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto: The Loudest Silence in the History of Money - Binance - June 1st, 2025 [June 1st, 2025]