Parsing Satoshi: What the Malmi emails reveal about Bitcoin’s creator – Cointelegraph
The 260 emails run 140,000 words the length of a long novel but this online correspondence between Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoins creator, and Martti Malmi, an early developer, comprises a trove of primary historical information about Bitcoins early days.
Some of the material published by Malmi last week isnt new. It includes fragments from Bitcoins question and answer dump, for instance, that have been seen before, so one has to tread carefully before claiming new revelations.
Still, the email exchanges, mainly between Malmi and Satoshi, dating from May 2009 to February 2011, present Bitcoins pseudonymous founder in, arguably, a more casual and natural light than widely seen before.
He is by turns prescient and naive anticipating even back in 2009 that Bitcoin might eventually face some ecological or environmental problems because of its energy-intensive proof-of-work validation mechanism, for instance: Ironic if we end up having to choose between economic liberty and conservation, he says.
Yet he doesnt seem to grasp Bitcoins scaling challenges. In a May 3, 2009 email, he writes:
Why has the correspondence appeared just now? Malmi did not feel comfortable sharing private correspondence earlier, as he explained in the GitHub posting, but he decided to do so because of an important trial in the U.K. in 2024 where I was a witness, referring to the group of cryptocurrency exchanges and developers that brought suit against Craig Wright, who himself claimed to be Satoshi Nakamoto.
Last week, Cointelegraph canvassed knowledgeable industry sources for reactions to this electronic mail bonanza and what, if anything, it adds to our understanding of Bitcoins history and its elusive founder.
Jeremy Clark, co-author with Arvind Narayanan in an often-cited 2017 paper on Bitcoins precursors, was asked if he found anything surprising in the email hoard.
Recent: Murder by (smart) contract: Ari Juels publishes crypto thriller
The tone was much more conversational and informal than Satoshis postings on the mailing list [a historic document], Clark told Cointelegraph, though cautioning that the published emails are also interspersed with quotes from earlier emails that were made public before. So, some quotes are new, and some are not, which can be confusing.
For instance, in email #3 (May 3, 2009), Satoshi refers to the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EC-DSA), which is a cryptographically secure digital signature scheme: But EC-DSA cant encrypt messages like RSA, it can only be used to verify signatures. This is not new, noted Clark, who nonetheless commented:
Clark added: I say this with the greatest respect to the person who wrote one of the most highly cited cryptography papers of all time.
Now an associate professor at Canadas Concordia University, Clark was struck by Satoshis language, which isnt always woke. At one point, Bitcoins creator says: I know this sounds really r*tarded. [email #24].
That didnt age well, Clark said.
It actually contrasts with his hesitancy to swear generally, continued Clark. For example, Sourceforge is just so darn slow. [email #45] Ive tested the heck out of it [email #44].
Maybe he grew up religious? Southern USA? A lot of the other slang he uses sweet, newbies, suck, screwed, goofball makes me think he isnt super old. He talks like I did then, said Clark, who was born in the early 1980s.
Satoshis language drew comments from other readers. In email #117, Satoshi uses the term Disco/web-1990s.
From this, it can be concluded that he was an active user of the internet in the 1990s, Jan Lansky, who heads the department of computer science and mathematics at Pragues University of Finance and Administration, told Cointelegraph.
In email #118, Satoshi uses the keyword loop in the source code. This keyword is used very rarely in programming languages, Lansky continued. Indeed, Lansky did a search and found that it was used in the Forth programming language, which was also a stack-based model like Bitcoins scripting language. Lansky added:
So perhaps Satoshi worked in the telecom industry?
Maybe Satoshis regular work didnt even involve programming. Its good to be coding again!" Satoshi proclaims on Oct. 16, 2009 (email #35).
Clark said, Maybe Im reading too much into this, but he doesnt say good to be coding on Bitcoin again, just good to be coding again, adding:
It is often asked why Satoshi walked away from Bitcoin, passing the baton to Gavin Andresen in early 2011. Maybe a demanding day job had something to do with it. If so, this makes for a less dramatic story than some other speculation, such as the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) targeting Bitcoins inventor.
Ive also been busy with other things for the last month and a half, says Satoshi on May 16, 2010, in email #192, I just now downloaded my e-mail since the beginning of April [...] Im not going to be much help right now either, pretty busy with work, and need a break from it after 18 months development.
According to Clark, This is the best picture of why Satoshi left the scene. It had nothing to do with the CIA or other sinister happenings: He just burned out.
As Bitcoin became more popular, Clark further theorized, Every break you take results in a bigger stack of things to go through, which makes you more likely to put it off. Eventually, Satoshi just gave up and ghosted the project.
Once Satoshi decides to withdraw from day-to-day Bitcoin-related activities, Malmi plays a role in finding his replacement: Should we make a recruitment thread on the forum? he asks Satoshi on Dec. 3, 2010 (email #240).
Satoshi answers (email #241) the same day: It should be Gavin [Andresen]. I trust him, hes responsible, professional, and technically much more Linux capable than me.
Three days later (email #242), Malmi responds: Ok, Ill ask him.
Martien van Steenbergen appears in email #3 asking about Bitcoins new payment system: Is this akin to David Chaums anonymous digital money?
Satoshi labors to explain the differences between his invention and Chaums DigiCash, adding:
Did Satoshi have a point? Did he foresee how a decentralized currency would prevail over all the centralized money experiments?
Chaums centralized approach suffers from a single point of failure, its center, Steenbergen, a senior agile and lean management trainer, coach and product owner at AardRock in the Netherlands, told Cointelegraph. So Satoshi has a point there. What I do not like about Bitcoin is that, over the years, you have witnessed its enormous energy hunger to mine the coins. Also, I despise its concentration of wealth. The world needs a distributed, safe, secure, open [source], and cheap system that favors all, not just a few.
Lansky added: At that time, there were many centralized systems of electronic money, which failed one by one precisely because of the failure of the central authority. Satoshi also had historical knowledge of state financial systems, which, on average, fail after decades.
The matter of Bitcoins potential energy profligacy is also addressed in the emails, though in 2009, Bitcoin (BTC) minings electrical usage was minuscule. Today, by comparison, Bitcoins annualized power consumption is comparable to that of Ukraine, and its carbon footprint is roughly equivalent to that of Romania, according to Digiconomist.
In email #3, Satoshi comments on the potentially troubling tradeoff between security provided by Bitcoins energy-intensive proof-of-work validation mechanism and energy conservation. As quoted above, he notes the irony of one day having to choose between economic liberty and conservation.
Satoshi continues, even if it [i.e., Bitcoin] did grow to consume significant energy, I think it would still be less wasteful than the labour and resource intensive conventional banking activity it would replace.
Maybe Satoshi was greener than we knew?
Vili Lehdonvirta, professor of economic sociology and digital social research at the Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, doesnt see it that way. Its definitely not very green. Its a sort of whatabout argument, but it fails even at that because the cryptocurrency industry ended up creating its own labor and resource waste, including massive amounts of spam, he told Cointelegraph.
Overall, do the emails bring us closer to learning the true identity of Bitcoins inventor? And if not, should we care?
They help eliminate candidates, which is why they came up in the trial, Clark told Cointelegraph. There are maybe some small clues, but my view is that there are not enough public facts known about Satoshi to identify him based on what we know.
Hes definitely not very Japanese, Lehdonvirta told Cointelegraph. But that we knew already.
Recent: What the Bitcoin halving means for BTC mining centralization
We may never know Satoshis identity, and maybe it doesnt matter. Its the system thats important and that transcends any individual, company or government.
Or as cryptographer Michael Clear told the New Yorker back in 2011: Anybody can review the code, and the network isnt controlled by any one entity. Thats what inspires confidence in the system.
And maybe thats why Satoshi could just walk away.
Read more from the original source:
Parsing Satoshi: What the Malmi emails reveal about Bitcoin's creator - Cointelegraph
- Where to Buy the Satoshi Nakamoto x OTW by Vans Era 95 - Sneaker Freaker - October 10th, 2026 [October 10th, 2026]
- Over 1 million BTC linked to Satoshi Nakamoto r... - Pluang - September 26th, 2026 [September 26th, 2026]
- Satoshi Nakamoto Still a Ghost: FBI Will Neither Confirm Nor Deny the Existence of Bitcoin's Father Records - yellow.com - September 13th, 2026 [September 13th, 2026]
- SATOSHI NAKAMOTO: The Bitcoin Mystery Is Still Alive More than 16 years after Bitcoin launched, o - Binance - August 16th, 2026 [August 16th, 2026]
- How Ray Peat Became the Satoshi Nakamoto of the Alt Health World - GQ - July 20th, 2026 [July 20th, 2026]
- Satoshi Nakamoto responded to the Bitcoin loss issue 16 years ago: it is a donation to all coin holders - WEEX - June 22nd, 2026 [June 22nd, 2026]
- 1.1M BTC linked to Satoshi Nakamoto remains untouched since 2010, worth nearly $73B today. - Pluang - June 17th, 2026 [June 17th, 2026]
- Vans' NYC 5th Ave Store Closes After Police Response to Satoshi Nakamoto Sneaker Release - WWD - May 1st, 2026 [May 1st, 2026]
- Satoshi Nakamoto Identity: 2026 Suspects and the $85B Question - FinanceFeeds - May 1st, 2026 [May 1st, 2026]
- Mark Cuban Says New Satoshi Nakamoto Documentary That Claims To have 'Cracked The Case' About Bitcoin Creator 'Makes You Think' - Yahoo Finance - April 23rd, 2026 [April 23rd, 2026]
- Sam Bankman-Fried says bitcoin creator Satoshi Nakamoto could be Paul Le Roux in 2021 interview - Yahoo Finance - April 23rd, 2026 [April 23rd, 2026]
- Mark Cuban Says New Satoshi Nakamoto Documentary That Claims To have 'Cracked The Case' About Bitcoin Cre - Benzinga - April 23rd, 2026 [April 23rd, 2026]
- Galaxy Research Director: Strategy Bitcoin holdings may surpass Satoshi Nakamoto within two years - WEEX - April 23rd, 2026 [April 23rd, 2026]
- Satoshi Nakamoto Likely To Move Their Bitcoin In 2026? Here's What The Biggest Prediction Markets Are Say - Benzinga - April 23rd, 2026 [April 23rd, 2026]
- New film on Satoshi Nakamoto: Bitcoin may have two creators - Traders Union - April 23rd, 2026 [April 23rd, 2026]
- Adam Back, One of the Satoshi Nakamoto Candidates, Has Proposed a New Idea for Bitcoin - Cryptonews.net - April 23rd, 2026 [April 23rd, 2026]
- Satoshi Nakamoto is one of the richest people in the world, but a proposed update could lock his Bitcoin away forever - Yahoo Finance - April 19th, 2026 [April 19th, 2026]
- Satoshi Nakamoto, the reclusive billionaire behind Bitcoin: The best outcome is that no one ever finds out - EL PAS English - April 19th, 2026 [April 19th, 2026]
- The Ghost in the Crypto Machine Unmasking Bitcoin Creator Satoshi Nakamoto - sify.com - April 19th, 2026 [April 19th, 2026]
- A Good Thing Satoshi Nakamoto Is Still A Mystery, CZ Says - Forbes - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- The New York Times says it found Satoshi Nakamoto, the inventor of Bitcoin. Not so fast - Fortune - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- Adam Back Denies He Is Satoshi Nakamoto in Response to Times Investigation - The New York Times - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- NYT investigation suggests Adam Back may be Satoshi Nakamoto; he denies the claim - The Block - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- Satoshi Nakamoto: the mystery behind the creator of Bitcoin - The Week - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- British computer scientist denies he is bitcoin developer Satoshi Nakamoto - The Guardian - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- British cryptographer Adam Back denies NYT report that he is Bitcoin creator Satoshi Nakamoto - TechCrunch - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- The New York Times Claims It Finally Unmasked Satoshi Nakamoto (This Time for Real) - Gizmodo - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- The New York Times may have found bitcoin founder Satoshi Nakamoto. Here's what you need to know. - Yahoo Finance - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- Has Satoshi Nakamoto Finally Been Unmasked? Believe It or Not, Bitcoin is Rising - Investopedia - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- Bitcoins inventor has hidden behind the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto for 17 years, despite many attempts to unmask him, even as his cryptocurrency has... - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- Is Satoshi Nakamoto Gone for Good? Crypto Leaders Say Yes as Naming Theories Spark Fury - CCN.com - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- A new expos says Adam Back is Bitcoin creator Satoshi Nakamoto. Heres a list of all the other suspects - dlnews.com - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- NYT Finally Unmasks the Real Satoshi Nakamoto Behind Bitcoin - BeInCrypto - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- NYT Names Adam Back as Satoshi Nakamoto. He Denies It and the Crypto Community Agrees with Him. - unchainedcrypto.com - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- A quantum threat to Bitcoin has some asking the unthinkable: Is it time to freeze old wallets belonging to Satoshi Nakamoto? - Yahoo Finance - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- Bitcoin's Elusive Creator Satoshi Nakamoto Might Have Been Identified Here's What The Man At The Centre Of Storm Has To Say - Yahoo - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- Bitcoin's Elusive Creator Satoshi Nakamoto Might Have Been Identified Here's What The Man At The Centre - Benzinga - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- A major New York Times investigation reignites the mystery surrounding Satoshi Nakamoto's identity, with Adam Back quickly clarifying his past after... - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- Is Satoshi Nakamoto Adam Back? Why a New York Times Reporter Thinks the Bitcoin Creator May Be a British Scientist - CCN.com - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- Myths Matter: After Banksy, Satoshi Nakamoto's identity may be out and that's not entirely a good thing - Open Magazine - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- Bitcoin Creator Satoshi Nakamoto May Have Finally Been Unmasked - In Touch Weekly - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- The latest big expos on the identity of Satoshi Nakamoto, t... - Kottke.org - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- NY Times Claims Adam Back Is Bitcoin Founder Satoshi Nakamoto - thedeepdive.ca - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- The New York Times Said That Satoshi Nakamoto is Adam Back - incrypted - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- Who created Bitcoin? The Satoshi Nakamoto mystery may be solved after 17 years, with the creator hidden i - The Times of India - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- News Explorer Who Is Bitcoin Creator Satoshi Nakamoto? These Are the Most Popular Targets - Decrypt - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- Who is Satoshi Nakamoto? $70 billion bitcoin mystery puts Adam Back in spotlight as Bitcoin's creator - he - The Economic Times - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- Adam Back, Who Is Alleged to Be Satoshi Nakamoto, Speaks Out: Satoshi Will Only Come Forward If These Two Conditions Are Met - Cryptonews.net - April 12th, 2026 [April 12th, 2026]
- A quantum threat to Bitcoin has some asking the unthinkable: Is it time to freeze old wallets belonging to Satoshi Nakamoto? - MSN - April 7th, 2026 [April 7th, 2026]
- Satoshi Nakamoto said in 2010 regarding quantum computing: If it happens gradually, there is still time to transition to more powerful algorithms. -... - April 5th, 2026 [April 5th, 2026]
- The Satoshi Nakamoto Influence Continues On The Vans Slip-On For Spring - Sneaker News - March 9th, 2026 [March 9th, 2026]
- Cryptocurrency Earthquake: Satoshi Nakamoto's identity revealed, it turns out to be a team, and someone knows them - Binance - February 7th, 2026 [February 7th, 2026]
- Did Jeffrey Epstein invent Bitcoin? Here's the truth of the viral email claiming Epstein is Satoshi Nakamoto | Hindustan Times - Hindustan Times - February 7th, 2026 [February 7th, 2026]
- What Is Jeffrey Epstein's Connection To Bitcoin? Viral Satoshi Nakamoto Claims Fact-Checked - Times Now - February 7th, 2026 [February 7th, 2026]
- Claiming to have met Satoshi Nakamoto and describing Saylor as a freak, the encrypted secrets within the Epstein files. - PANews - February 7th, 2026 [February 7th, 2026]
- Fact Check: No Email In Epstein Files With Satoshi Nakamoto Telling Epstein To 'Go F*ck Yourself' Replying To Island Invitation - Yahoo - February 7th, 2026 [February 7th, 2026]
- Reviewing the Epstein Files, Reveals Encounter with Satoshi Nakamoto - BlockBeats - February 7th, 2026 [February 7th, 2026]
- Is Jeffrey Epstein The Elusive Satoshi Nakamoto, Founder of Bitcoin? - International Business Times UK - February 7th, 2026 [February 7th, 2026]
- Computer Scientist Hal Finney Predicted Bitcoin in 1993 Has Crypto Finally Found Satoshi Nakamoto? - CCN.com - December 18th, 2025 [December 18th, 2025]
- On December 12, 2010, Satoshi Nakamoto wrote his last message on the internet: this is what he said before disappearing - Bit2Me News - December 18th, 2025 [December 18th, 2025]
- Athena Bitcoin Highlights the Power of Decentralization as the World Reflects on Satoshi Nakamoto's Departure - lenconnect.com - December 16th, 2025 [December 16th, 2025]
- Athena Bitcoin Highlights the Power of Decentralization as the World Reflects on Satoshi Nakamoto's Departure - Bluefield Daily Telegraph - December 16th, 2025 [December 16th, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto Arrives at the Stock Exchange? Bitcoins Mainstream Moment May Have Just Landed - CCN.com - December 12th, 2025 [December 12th, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto Arrives at the Stock Exchange? Bitcoins Mainstream Moment May Have Just Landed - Yahoo Finance - December 12th, 2025 [December 12th, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto statue lands on NYSE in sign of changing times - TradingView - December 12th, 2025 [December 12th, 2025]
- Athena Bitcoin Highlights the Power of Decentralization as the World Reflects on Satoshi Nakamoto's Departure - standard-journal.com - December 12th, 2025 [December 12th, 2025]
- From Taboo to Ticker Tape: Satoshi Nakamoto Appears on Wall Street - Crypto News Australia - December 12th, 2025 [December 12th, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto statue lands on NYSE in sign of changing times - MSN - December 12th, 2025 [December 12th, 2025]
- Statue of Satoshi Nakamoto erected at NYSE sixth worldwide - UA.NEWS - December 12th, 2025 [December 12th, 2025]
- Athena Bitcoin Highlights the Power of Decentralization as the World Reflects on Satoshi Nakamoto's Departure - Eagle-Tribune - December 12th, 2025 [December 12th, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto statue installed at the New York Stock Exchange - Bitget - December 12th, 2025 [December 12th, 2025]
- Statue of 'Satoshi Nakamoto' at the New York Stock Exchange"Intersection of Emerging and Traditional Finance" - bloomingbit - December 12th, 2025 [December 12th, 2025]
- NYSEs Disappearing Satoshi Nakamoto Statue in the Spotlight, What Happened? - Pintu - December 12th, 2025 [December 12th, 2025]
- Bank of America Goes All-In with Bitcoin-Backed Credit Offering as Satoshi Nakamoto Statue Rocks NYSE - Coinpaper - December 12th, 2025 [December 12th, 2025]
- Top 10 Richest People on the Blockchain: Satoshi Nakamoto with $115 billion, and the "unlucky" ones who lost their private keys. - PANews - November 28th, 2025 [November 28th, 2025]
- Bitcoin Price Prediction: Satoshi Nakamoto Just Lost $43 Billion But Could Still Become the Richest Person in History - Cryptonews - November 28th, 2025 [November 28th, 2025]
- 16 years ago, Satoshi Nakamoto registered on BitcoinTalk: Key Moments in Bitcoin History - Pintu - November 20th, 2025 [November 20th, 2025]
- Why Satoshi Nakamoto's Bitcoin Wallets Can't Be Unlocked With 24 Words - Bitcoin.com News - November 16th, 2025 [November 16th, 2025]
- Satoshi Nakamoto's holdings fall by $4.9B over the past 24 hours, now at $118B - Crypto Briefing - November 3rd, 2025 [November 3rd, 2025]
- Bitcoin Community Celebrates 17th Anniversary of Satoshi Nakamoto's Whitepaper - X - November 3rd, 2025 [November 3rd, 2025]