Virus’s tricks may beat cancer
Researchers have shown that a cold virus known to destroy cancer cells can be delivered to a tumour through the bloodstream without falling prey to killer antibodies on the way.
In a study published Wednesday in the journal Science Translational Medicine, the researchers found the reovirus hitches a ride on blood cells and uses them as a shield against the immune-system cells.
The reovirus holds promise as a possible new way of treating cancer because it not only kills cancer cells directly, but also triggers an immune response similar to what a vaccine does that helps eliminate residual cancer cells.
But because the virus, which causes upper respiratory and gastrointestinal illness, is common in the environment, most people have been exposed to it in childhood and therefore have developed antibodies, said Alan Melcher, a professor of clinical oncology and biotherapy at the University of Leeds in England, who co-led the study.
What people thought that meant was that if youve got antibodies against the virus, if you just inject it into the bloodstream, it can never work because it will just be neutralized by the antibodies, Melcher said Wednesday from Leeds. But what we were able to show, actually, was that by associating with blood cells in the blood, the virus can effectively hide from the antibodies and therefore get transported through the circulation and so get to the tumour.
The study involved 10 patients with advanced colorectal cancer who were due to have surgery on tumours that had spread to the liver. All patients were given up to five intravenous doses of the reovirus in the weeks before their operations.
Blood tests carried out shortly after treatment found the active virus tagging along with blood cells, but later tests showed the virus was quickly cleared from the bloodstream.
However, when researchers looked at the malignant liver tissue removed during surgery up to four weeks later, they found viral factories and active virus in the tumour but not in normal liver tissue.
It seems that reovirus is even cleverer than we had thought. By piggybacking on blood cells, the virus is managing to hide from the bodys natural immune response and reach its target intact, Melcher said. This could be hugely significant for the uptake of viral therapies like this in clinical practice.
The study was not intended to see if the reovirus can shrink or eliminate tumours that question is being explored in much larger trials of patients with a variety of cancers but it does provide proof-of-concept that intravenously delivered reovirus-based cancer therapy is possible, he said.
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Virus’s tricks may beat cancer