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Ultrasound controlled mechanophore activation in hydrogels for cancer therapy – pnas.org

Significance

Biomedical application of mechanophores is the next frontier in polymer mechanochemistry. We report the concept, mechanochemical dynamic therapy (MDT), that utilizes remote, ultrasound-triggered mechanophore activation to enable anticancer activities. We selected an azo-based mechanophore to generate reactive free radicals (FRs) under the control of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), which subsequently produced ROS. We investigated two sets of invitro mouse cancer models: 1) melanoma (B16F10) and 2) breast cancer (E0771). Inhibition of growth and decreases in viabilities of both B16F10 and E0771 were observed in correlation to the release of ROS by mechanophore activation. By circumventing the known issues in photodynamic therapy and sonodynamic therapy, we anticipate MDT to be a powerful anticancer tool complementary to other existing cancer treatments.

Mechanophores are molecular motifs that respond to mechanical perturbance with targeted chemical reactions toward desirable changes in material properties. A large variety of mechanophores have been investigated, with applications focusing on functional materials, such as strain/stress sensors, nanolithography, and self-healing polymers, among others. The responses of engineered mechanophores, such as light emittance, change in fluorescence, and generation of free radicals (FRs), have potential for bioimaging and therapy. However, the biomedical applications of mechanophores are not well explored. Herein, we report an invitro demonstration of an FR-generating mechanophore embedded in biocompatible hydrogels for noninvasive cancer therapy. Controlled by high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), a clinically proven therapeutic technique, mechanophores were activated with spatiotemporal precision to generate FRs that converted to reactive oxygen species (ROS) to effectively kill tumor cells. The mechanophore hydrogels exhibited no cytotoxicity under physiological conditions. Upon activation with HIFU sonication, the therapeutic efficacies in killing invitro murine melanoma and breast cancer tumor cells were comparable with lethal doses of H2O2. This process demonstrated the potential for mechanophore-integrated HIFU combination as a noninvasive cancer treatment platform, named mechanochemical dynamic therapy (MDT). MDT has two distinct advantages over other noninvasive cancer treatments, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT). 1) MDT is ultrasound based, with larger penetration depth than PDT. 2) MDT does not rely on sonosensitizers or the acoustic cavitation effect, both of which are necessary for SDT. Taking advantage of the strengths of mechanophores and HIFU, MDT can provide noninvasive treatments for diverse cancer types.

Author contributions: G.K., Q.W., M.L.O., J.S.M., and K.C.L. designed research; G.K., Q.W., and J.L.C. performed research; G.K., Q.W., E.J.S., and M.L.O. analyzed data; M.L.O., J.S.M., and K.C.L. supervised the study; and G.K., Q.W., J.L.C., and M.L.O. wrote the paper.

Reviewers: A.B., University of WisconsinMadison; K.B.P., Stanford University; and Y.X., Stanford University.

The authors declare no competing interest.

This article contains supporting information online at https://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.2109791119/-/DCSupplemental.

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Ultrasound controlled mechanophore activation in hydrogels for cancer therapy - pnas.org

J&K Admin Takes Control of Kashmir Press Club – The Wire

Srinagar: The J&K administration took control of Kashmir Press Club (KPC), the largest membership organisation of the Valley-based media persons, hours after a group of independent journalists announced the formation of second interim committee for electing its new managing body.

The J&K administration led by Lieutenant Manoj Sinha on Monday, January 17, said that the press club, which was registered as a society in J&K, has ceased to exist after it failed to reregister under the Societies of Registration Act, a central law which was extended to Jammu and Kashmir after the revocation of Article 370.

The Press Clubs existing managing body too has come to a legal closure on 14 July, 2021, the date on which its tenure came to an end, the administration said in a statement, effectively seizing control of an institution which was set up to look after the welfare of journalists in Kashmir.

The development took place barely hours after a group of independent journalists associated with the national and international news organisations, including the BBC, Associated Press and others announced that they had nominated a committee to hold the elections for the new managing body, the second such committee in as many days.

The committee of 13 journalists, with the BBCs Riyaz Masroor topping the list followed by Associated Presss Mehrajuddin, had said on Sunday, January 16, that it was working on completing the legalities & re-registration process. In a statement, the committee said care has been taken to make the nominated body broad-based with representatives from every section of the fraternity.

Also read: Illegal Coup at Kashmir Press Club: Editors Guild of India Condemns Police Complicity

A day earlier, in what the Editors Guild of India termed as armed coup, another committee of journalists, led by The Times of Indias Saleem Pandit with at least 10 more journalists and newspaper owners, some of them widely perceived to be government-friendly, had taken over the KPC office, naming Saleem as their interim president.

The hasty election of the interim committee and the heavy presence of security personnel armed with automatic weapons at the Press Club on Saturday had prompted uproar with prominent journalist bodies and free speech activists across the country criticising the involvement of the J&K administration in the illegal takeover.

The ousted managing body said on Monday that the formation of the interim committee was done with the ultimate goal of shutting down the club. For this purpose, they tried to install a group of journalists. By this action, they wanted to stifle the voice of journalists that resonated through the forum called Kashmir Press Club, the only democratic and independent journalist body in Valley, Ishfaq Tantray, general secretary of the ousted body, said in a statement.

But it is our firm belief that our journalists are capable and professional enough to keep the flame glowing and confront these challenges ahead. I want to reiterate that journalism thrived in Kashmir and it will survive all crests and troughs in the future as well, the statement added.

The issue had turned into a major embarrassment for the administration which seems to have now moved into damage control mode, dubbing the KPC takeover by the interim committee and the announcement of second committee on Sunday as an unpleasant turn of events involving two rival warring groups.

In view of this aspect of the dispute and in view of the reports in social media and other sources indicating a potential law and order situation including a threat of breach of peace and the safety of bonafide journalists, an intervention has become necessary, the Directorate of Information and Public Relations (DIPR) said in a statement on Monday.

The Srinagar office of Kashmir Press Club has been closed for a week. Photo: Special arrangement

The Kashmir Press Club ran out of an outdated building located on the upscale Poloview Road in the heart of Srinagar. Before 2017, the building was occupied by the J&Ks employment department. After the death of Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, the J&K government, led by Mehbooba Mufti, partially refurbished the building and allotted it to the Kashmir Press Club after it registered as a society in 2018.

The announcement was made by Haseeb Drabu in his third budget speech as J&Ks finance minister and it was seen as a major achievement for the local media fraternity in Kashmir who have been working under difficult circumstances to report the regions recent volatile history. The PDP-BJP government had also promised Rs 50 lakh yearly budget for the club.

However, with the latest controversy, the administration has cancelled the allotment of Aiwan-e-Sahafat, pulling shutters on the institution which had emerged as a space for critical thought and intellectual exchange between journalists during its short existence. The club remained open during some the most historic developments, including the reading down of Article 370, when the whole of Kashmir was brought under a crippling security lockdown, and the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The J&K administration said it is committed to a free and fair press and journalists should be entitled to all facilities, including a place for professional, educational, social, cultural, recreational and welfare activities. The admin also hopes that a duly registered bona fide society of all journalists shall be constituted as soon as possible and the same shall be able to approach the government for reallocation of the premises, the DIPR said in a series of tweets.

Pretext

Anuradha Bhasin, editor of Jammu-based English daily Kashmir Times, said the KPCs inability to hold elections (for the managing body) and the endless delay in the re-registration process was a pretext to lock a democratic institution.

It is more than evident that the move (to cancel the re-registration of KPC) was preplanned and aimed at killing a democratic institution where journalists were practicing free speech and free thought, she told The Wire.

The KPC had applied for reregistration last year in May and it was approved by the registrar of societies on December 29 last year after which the club announced dates for electing a new managing body on February 14. However, the administration applied brakes on the reregistration, citing a report by the CID or Criminal Investigations Department, an elite counterintelligence wing of J&K Police. The details of the report have, however, not been made public.

Bhasin said the issues at the KPC should have been dealt with by Kashmirs media fraternity. Instead of promoting democracy, the government has imposed its will and undemocratically demolished an institution, she said.

It has set a wrong precedent; if it can happen in Kashmir, it can happen elsewhere, she continued.

In a statement on Monday, the Indian Journalists Union said the KPC has been vocal on media issues, sustained harassment and intimidation of journalists in the Valley and the twin actions smack of vendetta and brazen attempt to silence dissenting voices.

The union, which in its National Executive Committee meeting in Itanagar, Arunachal, on January 12 had passed a resolution expressing solidarity with its Kashmiri journalists, demanded inquiry into the happenings at the Press Club over the last three days to ensure the KPC is allowed to function democratically.

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J&K Admin Takes Control of Kashmir Press Club - The Wire

Machine Gun Kelly shared his engagement to Megan Fox to control the narrative – Tone Deaf

Machine Gun Kelly has explained why he chose to share the moment he proposed to partner Megan Fox.

In a new interview with Vogue, MGK said that he shared the footage of the special moment on social media as he and Megan wanted to control the narrative.

As opposed to someone just catching a weird cell phone picture of a ring on our hand and being like, whoa! Machine Gun Kelly told the publication, while Fox said, I dont really look at social media or anything, so I dont know.

The rapper-turned-pop-punker then added, But yeah, I didnt expect it.

I just recorded it on my cell phone, he explained, although the video on Foxs Instagram features multiple camera angles. And it wasnt like we had photographers or anything. It was just like me setting my phone against a cup.

Elsewhere in the Vogue interview, the singer revealed that the wedding band he proposed to the Jennifers Body star came with a rather weird and painful feature.

The concept is that the ring can come apart to make two rings, he explained. When its together, its held in place by a magnet. So you see how it snaps together? And then it forms an obscure heart.And you see this right here? The bands are actually thorns. So if she tries to take it off, it hurts.

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That would probably have easily won the recent viral red flag trend. When theVoguereporter replied, thats very nice, MGK said, love is pain.

The pair first met in March 2020 while filmingMidnight in the Switchgrass, soon becoming one of the most unexpected couples in Hollywood. This will be MGKs first marriage but Foxs second. She shares three children with her ex-husband Brian Austin Green.

I know tradition is one ring, but i designed it with Stephen Webster to be two: the emerald (her birth stone) and the diamond (my birth stone) set on two magnetic bands of thorns that draw together as two halves of the same soul forming the obscure heart that is our love, he revealed on Instagram, accompanied by a close-up picture of the unique design.

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Machine Gun Kelly shared his engagement to Megan Fox to control the narrative - Tone Deaf

Odour Control Textiles Market to Eyewitness Massive Growth by 2021-2029 Discovery Sports Media – Discovery Sports Media

Latest Study on Industrial Growth of Global Odour Control Textiles Market 2021-2029. A detailed study accumulated to offer Latest insights about acute features of the Odour Control Textiles market. The report contains different market predictions related to revenue size, production, CAGR, Consumption, gross margin, price, and other substantial factors. While emphasizing the key driving and restraining forces for this market, the report also offers a complete study of the future trends and developments of the market. It also examines the role of the leading market players involved in the industry including their corporate overview, financial summary and SWOT analysis.

Since the COVID-19 virus outbreak in December 2019, the disease has spread to all countries and territories around the world and 2 international conveyances. The global impacts of COVID-19 are already starting to be felt, and will significantly affect this industry in 2020 and 2021.This report analyzes the impact of COVID-19 on this industry. COVID-19 can affect the global Odour Control Textiles market in 3 ways: by directly affecting production and demand, by creating supply chain and market disruption, and by its financial impact on enterprises and financial markets

The Major Players Covered in this Report:

Indorama Ventures

Crypton

Schoeller Textiles AG

Milliken & Co

Herculite Inc

FilSpec

Lenzing

Unitika

Tiong Liong

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This study also covers company profiling, specifications and product picture, sales, market share and contact information of various regional, international and local vendors of Global Odour Control Textiles Market. The market proposition is frequently developing ahead with the rise in scientific innovation and M&A activities in the industry. Additionally, many local and regional vendors are offering specific application products for varied end-users. The new merchant applicants in the market are finding it hard to compete with the international vendors based on reliability, quality and modernism in technology.

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Detailed TOC of Odour Control Textiles Market Research Report-

Odour Control Textiles Market Introduction and Market Overview

Odour Control Textiles Market, by Application [Drinking Tea, Pastry, Ice Cream & Beverage]

Odour Control Textiles Market Industry Chain Analysis

Odour Control Textiles Market, by Type [Drinking-use Odour Control Textiles Market & Additive-use Odour Control Textiles Market]

Industry Manufacture, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2015-2020)

Industry Value ($) by Region (2015-2020)

Odour Control Textiles Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions

Major Region of Odour Control Textiles Market

Major Companies List

Conclusion

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Odour Control Textiles Market to Eyewitness Massive Growth by 2021-2029 Discovery Sports Media - Discovery Sports Media

Whats the difference between N95 and KN95 masks? – WPIX 11 New York

by: Jenny Ivy, Nexstar Media Wire

(KDVR) After the federal government announced plans to begin offering free masks to curb a sharp rise in COVID-19 cases, you may be questioning the difference between the two types of masks that come most highly recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: N95 and KN95.

First, its important to make clear that the CDC officially refers to N95s and KN95s as respirators. And according to recent CDC guidance, choosing one over the other doesnt matter in terms of offering a higher level of protection against COVID-19 and filtering air.

In fact, the CDC recently rated well-fitting respirators ahead of common cloth masks as the best option to protect yourself from the rapidly spreading omicron variant.

Loosely woven cloth products provide the least protection, layered finely woven products offer more protection, well-fitting disposable surgical masks and KN95s offer even more protection, and well-fitting NIOSH-approved respirators (including N95s) offer the highest level of protection, reads the latest guidance on the CDCs website.

In the simplest explanation, the difference between the N95 and the KN95 respirator is that one (the N95) is approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, or NIOSH, which regulates masks in the United States. The KN95 is made to meet Chinese standards, and isnt NIOSH-approved.

However, both masks filter out and capture 95% of tiny 0.3 micron particles in the air, hence the 95 in the names.

One notable feature that differentiates the two is how they are worn: NIOSH-approved respirators (AKA N95s) generally do not have ear loops, but come with headbands to enable a better fit. (Click here for a more detailed look at NIOSH-approved N95 respirators, via the CDC.)

The CDC cautions, however, that about 60% ofKN95respirators NIOSH evaluated during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 did not meet the requirements that they intended to meet, meaning they could be fake.

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Whats the difference between N95 and KN95 masks? - WPIX 11 New York