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CLEVELANDCollaboration between pharmaceutical companies and the Center for Computational Imaging and Personalized Diagnostics (CCIPD) at Case Western Reserve University has led to the development of artificial intelligence (AI) tools to benefit patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on an analysis of routine tissue biopsy images, according to new research.

This year, more than 236,000 adults in the United States will be diagnosed with lung cancerabout 82% of them with non-small cell lung cancer, according to the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

Researchers at the CCIPD used AI to identify biomarkers from biopsy images for patients with NSCLC, as well as gynecologic cancers, that help predict the response to immunotherapy and clinical outcomes, including survival.

We have shown that the spatial interplay of features relating to the cancer nuclei and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes drives a signal that allows us to identify which patients are going to respond to immunotherapy and which ones will not, said Anant Madabhushi, CCIPD director and Donnell Institute Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Case Western Reserve.

The study was published this month in the journal Science Advances.

Immunotherapy is expensive, and studies show that only 20-30% of patients respond to the treatment, according to National Institutes of Health and other sources. These findings validate that the AI technologies developed by the CCIPD can help clinicians determine how best to treat patients with NSCLC and gynecologic cancers, including cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancer, Madabhushi said.

The study, drawn from a retrospective analysis of data, also revealed new biomarker information regarding a protein called PD-L1 that helps prevent immune cells from attacking non-harmful cells in the body.

Patients with high PD-L1 often receive immunotherapy as part of their treatment for NSCLC, while patients with low PD-L1 are often not offered immunotherapy, or its coupled with chemotherapy.

Our work has identified a subset of patients with low PD-L1 who respond very well to immunotherapy and may not require immunotherapy plus chemotherapy, Madabhushi said. This could potentially help these patients avoid the toxicity associated with chemotherapy while also having a favorable response to immunotherapy.

The multi-site, multi-institutional study examined three common immunotherapy drugs (called checkpoint inhibitor agents) that target PD-L1: atezolizumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab. The AI tools consistently predicted the response and clinical outcomes for all three immunotherapies.

The study is part of broader research conducted at CCIPD to develop and apply novel AI and machine-learning approaches to diagnose and predict the therapy response for various diseases and cancers, including breast, prostate, head and neck, brain, colorectal, gynecologic and skin.

The study coincides with Case Western Reserve recently signing a license agreement with Picture Health to commercialize AI tools to benefit patients with NSCLC and other cancers.

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Case Western Reserve University is one of the country's leading private research institutions. Located in Cleveland, we offer a unique combination of forward-thinking educational opportunities in an inspiring cultural setting. Our leading-edge faculty engage in teaching and research in a collaborative, hands-on environment. Our nationally recognized programs include arts and sciences, dental medicine, engineering, law, management, medicine, nursing and social work. About 5,800 undergraduate and 6,300 graduate students comprise our student body. Visitcase.eduto see how Case Western Reserve thinks beyond the possible.

Spatial interplay patterns of cancer nuclei and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) predict clinical benefit for immune checkpoint inhibitors

1-Jun-2022

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Artificial intelligence tool predicts response to immunotherapy in lung and gynecologic cancer patients - EurekAlert

Nowadays the text we write is being processed by natural language processing models everywhere online. Whether its a social media platform like Twitter or Instagram, search engine, customer service chatbots or any other online service, text is being processed everywhere to train language models so that they could understand the users text more accurately and improve their experience.

Some common examples of how these models are working:

When you interact with the search engine, the model behind interprets words and phrases to understand the query then results that are relevant to your query are returned. Online retailers use NLP algorithms to determine which products are most likely to be of interest-based on the conversations people are having on social media platforms like Twitter or Instagram. Recommendation systems recommend books, movies, articles or any other thing based on what we read or what we write in comments and review.

The Arab world is a growing market. It is home to some of the fastest-growing economies in the world. And as the economies grow, so too does demand for services and products that cater to them including those reliant on accurate Arabic NLP capabilities.

Hassan Ghalib who is a Lead Data Scientist at Pandata Tech, a company focused on solving challenging problems and developing high-value-added solutions based on Big Data, Natural Language Processing (NLP), and Machine Learning, shared his thoughts about the challenges in Arabic NLP.

In the world of AI and machine learning data is the OIL. Good Performing models are trained on datasets that are huge in size and diverse in nature so that they cover all the aspects and richness of a language. Many novel architectures for language models such as The Transformer are only able to produce good metrics if they are trained on the right dataset. Because data quality along with quantity are the main driver of model performance," he said.

An accurate language model is one that is trained on unbiased datasets and is aware of the diversity and complexity of multiple dialects, vocabulary and grammar rules. Otherwise, if a language model is trained on dataset that lacks representation of certain Arab region its performance could be biased and could offend the cultural values and sentiments of people. For example, a model that predicts whether someone is likely to default on a loan could inadvertently discriminate against people from certain regions or religions if its trained on data that reflects only one perspective.

"If we talk about Arabic language, there are some challenges in Arabic NLP due to large number of dialects spoken throughout the Arab world where each dialect has its own unique vocabulary and grammar rules and insufficient datasets. The Arabic NLP models trained on such insufficient datasets result in being biased. If we look at state of the art language model available for other languages, the top of the list is GPT3, trained on hundreds of billions of tokens/words with the size of training dataset around 45 Terra bytes. If we have that much datasets for Arabic which are truly representative of all dialects spoken in different Arab regions then producing a GPT3 for the Arab world is not too far away, Ghalib added.

In this technological world machines are also learning just like humans, so the more data we give to the machines the more aware and accurate they will be. Qatar can avail this opportunity to produce massive datasets which can be harnessed to build top-notch Arabic NLP models. Doing this will not only preserve the language and values of Qatar in the future tech world but also, they will be pioneers in the region to reach such milestone.

Read more:
Pandata Tech scientist on the importance of Arabic data in the Future built around Artificial intelligence - The Peninsula

NEW YORK -- On the eve of Juneteenth, the Tribeca Festival came to a close with the Rev. Al Sharpton documentary Loudmouth in a premiere that united on stage Sharpton and Spike Lee two towering New York figures who have each been vilified and celebrated for careers championing racial justice.

The event held Saturday at the Borough of Manhattan Community College celebrated Sharpton with the kind of big-screen portrait that has been commonplace for an older generation of civil rights leaders, but had, until Loudmouth, eluded the 67-year-old activist. Loudmouth contextualizes Sharpton's legacy as an extension of Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, the Rev. Jesse Jackson, Rep. John Lewis and others, while at the same time chronicling his unique longevity despite plenty of naysayers along the way.

Shoot your best shot," Sharpton said in a Q&A after the film. "I'm still here.

Lee, a longtime friend who cast Sharpton in a small role in 1992's Malcolm X," cheered Sharpton for being there from the get-go, fighting the good fight.

Everybody takes blows but you got up and keep stepping, said Lee, who joined Sharpton and John Legend, executive producer of the film, on stage. And youre still doing it today.

Loudmouth, which is seeking distribution at Tribeca, was introduced by Tribeca co-founder Robert De Niro. He drew a firm distinction between Sharpton and other loudmouths on today's airwaves and at the Jan. 6 hearings in Washington.

How interesting that the committee and the Rev are on the same page exposing the lies and the liars who threaten our democracy," said De Niro. "They want to take away our right to vote and deny us social justice. While Washington deals with the lies and the big lie, tonight you're in the company of patriot who challenges us to get to the truth.

Loudmouth, directed by Josh Alexander, is framed around a sit-down interview with Sharpton, who chronicles his story as a constant fight to keep social justice in the headlines. Nobody calls me to a keep a secret, Sharpton said at the memorial service for George Floyd.

To Sharpton, that was his purpose the blow-up man," he once called himself to tirelessly agitate and stir up enough media attention and to spotlight injustice. Of course, that approach earned Sharpton plenty of detractors almost all of whom are white who have chided him as racial opportunist. That was especially after his involvement in the 1987 case of Tawana Brawley, whose allegation that she had been raped and kidnapped by a group of Dutchess County, New York, men was later found to have been fabricated by a special state grand jury.

Sharpton in the film argues that his mission in that case and others was always to give someone their day in court. Ahead of the film, Alexander said Sharpton's one request was to get the context right. And in an litany of other instances, Sharpton has been there to advocate, consult and lend support for Black people. Family members of Floyd, Eric Garner and others were in the audience Saturday.

It just makes you realize that anybody whos making noise for justice, especially for an oppressed minority, is always going to be treated as persona non grata in society, Legend said. Theyre always going to be unpopular to an extent because theyre fighting to disturb a status quo that protects a lot of people.

When Legend approached Sharpton about making the documentary, he and producers surprised Sharpton with the idea of it being directed by Alexander, a white Jewish filmmaker from California. They argued that the film would be more objective from the perspective of a white filmmaker, Sharpton said.

I said: Ill tell you what. If it works, Ill be there to take a bow. If it dont, Ill be picketing you outside,'" Sharpton said.

Legend who Sharpton praised as a pop star and crossover artist who was bold in affiliating himself with a figure seen by some as risque said he had been discouraged by what he saw as a backlash to the reckoning that followed Floyd's death and recent battles over school textbooks. But Legend said he found inspiration watching Sharpton in Loudmouth.

Every time we have progress, theres a backlash, and the backlash is: Oh, weve got to control this narrative, said Legend. Everybody knows how important narrative is and how important whos telling the story and what perspectives are being represented.

Lee, who twice mentioned being traumatized by an early school field trip to see Gone With the Wind, said Loudmouth should be shown in schools. As a chronicle from the front lines of racial tensions in New York, Lee said it was a valuable reminder.

You have to show that racism doesnt really have a particular ZIP code, said Lee, who wore a 1619 hat. This is not Shangri-La. Theres a whole lot of messed up here that continues today.

Sharpton often returned to the question of how much has changed in the last half century. Sharpton recently gave eulogies for several victims in Buffalo of last months racist mass shooting that killed 10 people in a supermarket. Still, he said he also sees great progress, and more Black people in power than ever before.

We're not out of the woods yet, Sharpton said. But we've done enough paths in the woods to believe we can get out.

Continue reading here:
Al Sharpton takes a bow, with Spike, to close out Tribeca - ABC News

Rev. Sharpton has joined Citizens for Judicial Fairness to demand diverse judges be appointed to Delaware Courts and hold Carney Accountable to Delawares residents of color

WILMINGTON, Del., June 17, 2022--(BUSINESS WIRE)--On Monday, Delaware state offices will be closed to honor the Juneteenth holiday for the second year following President Bidens executive order to make Juneteenth a federal holiday. While recognizing the holiday is a significant step toward justice for Black Americans, the urgency to show meaningful action in the pursuit of equity for Black Americans has grown. Citizens for Judicial Fairness has been working for years alongside local activists and national civil rights leaders to draw attention to the lack of diversity in Delawares leadership. Rev. Al Sharpton has joined the local groups to rally for diversity in courts, specifically the Chancery court that holds power for more than a million companies headquartered in the state. Although President Biden has modeled the highest level of diversity through his court appointments and cabinet members, Governor Carney has not followed suit. While naming diversity as a priority, Governor Carney has passed three times on the opportunity to add a justice of color to the Chancery court.

National Action Networks Rev. Al Sharpton stated: "Under President Bidens leadership, we have gained momentum in honoring the Juneteenth holiday for its historical significance and its integral role in healing the racism that remains more than 150 years after slavery ended. We continue to call on Governor Carney to follow President Biden in delivering on his promises to increase Black justices and justices of color in Delawares Courts and leadership. We have demanded and been denied three times by Governor Carney to add just one person of color to the Chancery court which impacts millions of workers across the country. It is good and right to honor Juneteenth, but it is a hollow act without equity for those who have been wronged by the institution we recognize on this important day."

Story continues

Citizens for Judicial Fairness recently changed its name from Citizens for a Pro-Business Delaware and doubled down on its commitment to lead the many voices seeking equity in leadership to create lasting changes in Delaware for all of its residents.

Citizens for Judicial Fairness (formerly Citizens for a Pro-Business Delaware) is a grassroots advocacy organization fighting for transparency, equity, and accountability in state judiciaries across America. Founded by employees of TransPerfect Global in 2016 to fight the Delaware Chancery Courts unprecedented, forced sale of TransPerfect, the group has since grown to over 5,000 members nationwide. CJF leverages grassroots pressure, strategic partnerships, and political advocacy to campaign for common-sense solutions to increase transparency and equity in court systems across the country. To learn more about CJF, visit DelawareforBusiness.org

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220617005385/en/

Contacts

Chris Coffey, ccoffey@tuskholdings.com

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Rev. Al Sharpton Questions Carney for Closing Delaware State Offices for Juneteenth after Nominating another White Justice to the All-White Chancery -...

Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) received some unexpected company last week in citing NATO expansion as a main reason Russia invaded Ukraine. Pope Francis echoed Paul's earlier sentiment that NATO played a significant role in provoking Russia and shares a large part of the blame. The pontiff declared that Russia's invasion was "perhaps somehow either provoked or not prevented" in an interview with La Civilta Cattolica.

Sen. Paul initially made his comments during an exchange with Secretary of State Antony Blinken at a hearing about the crisis in Ukraine. The fact that Pope Francis endorsed this theory as well should come as no surprise. It has been a prominent theory in geopolitics for several decades. Yet Democrats and other left-wingers refused to acknowledge this, despite decades of evidence supporting Paul's claim. Instead, they vilified and attacked Sen. Paul, along with anyone else who repeated this theory.

Paul offered his criticism in April and was accused of being a Putin apologist. Are we to presume now that Pope Francis is also a Putin puppet?

But now that Pope Francis has supported the NATO expansion theory, this will surely change the minds of the leftists out there calling anyone who said such a thing as pro-Putin, right? Not likely, according to some of the feedback Pope Francis received.

"Someone may say to me at this point: but you are pro-Putin! No, I am not," Francis said. "It would be simplistic and wrong to say such a thing. I am simply against reducing complexity to the distinction between good guys and bad guys, without reasoning about roots and interests, which are very complex."

The refusal to acknowledge NATOs role in the war is indicative of the toxicity of contemporary left-wing ideologues.

As aforementioned, both the pope and Sen. Paul are right, of course. The idea that the eastward expansion of NATO and recruiting former Soviet republics into NATO would antagonize Russia has been at the crux of U.S.-Russian geopolitics since the 1990s. Renowned American diplomat, historian, and Cold War strategist George Kennan declared as much in a 1997 op-ed for the New York Times.

In "A Fateful Error," Kennan opined that "expanding NATO would be the most fateful error of American policy in the entire post-Cold War era. Such a decision may be expected to inflame the nationalistic, anti-Western and militaristic tendencies in Russian opinion to restore the atmosphere of the Cold War to East-West relations, and to impel Russian foreign policy in directions decidedly not to our liking."

Furthermore, President Joe Biden's CIA Director, William J. Burns, stated what the pope and Sen. Paul said about NATOs expansion decades earlier. Burns previously claimed that NATO expansion would antagonize Russia into conflict in two memos over a decade apart.

First, in 1995, while a counselor for political affairs at the U.S. Embassy in Moscow, Burns wrote in a memo, "Hostility to early NATO expansion is almost universally felt across the domestic political spectrum here."

Then, in 2008, Burns wrote in a memo to then-Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, "Ukrainian entry into NATO is the brightest of all redlines for the Russian elite (not just Putin). In more than two and a half years of conversations with key Russian players ... I have yet to find anyone who views Ukraine in NATO as anything other than a direct challenge to Russian interests."

As the war in Ukraine continues and as the United States keeps sending billions of dollars in aid, it's essential to realize the truth behind what the pope and Sen. Paul stated. This doesn't excuse or justify Putin's invasion in any way. However, it reveals that those in power criticizing this theory are woefully ignorant of facts. Moreover, their refusal to acknowledge these facts warrants questioning their credibility on all future foreign policy decisions.

If they could not comprehend decades of geopolitical intelligence and briefings, we shouldn't trust them with our country's present and future foreign policy decision-making. We'd be better off listening to Sen. Paul and the pope.

See the rest here:
The pope agrees with Rand Paul about NATO expansion and Russia - Washington Examiner