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Once Shocking, U.S. Spying on Its Allies Draws a Global Shrug – The New York Times

WASHINGTON The last time a trove of leaked documents exposed U.S. spying operations around the world, the reaction from allied governments was swift and severe.

In Berlin, thousands of people protested in the streets, the C.I.A. station chief was expelled, and the German chancellor told the American president that spying on friends is not acceptable. In Paris, the American ambassador was summoned for a dressing-down. Brazils president angrily canceled a state visit to Washington.

That was a decade ago, after an enormous leak of classified documents detailing American surveillance programs by the former National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden, who handed them off to the website WikiLeaks for publication in what he called a public service to expose government overreach.

The latest leak of classified documents that appeared online this year, the motive behind which remains unknown, has again illustrated the broad reach of U.S. spy agencies, including into the capitals of friendly countries such as Egypt, South Korea, Ukraine and the United Arab Emirates.

Though the documents mainly focus on the war in Ukraine, they include C.I.A. intelligence briefs describing conversations and plans at senior levels of government in those countries, in several cases attributed to signals intelligence, or electronic eavesdropping. They have served to remind the world of Americas talent for spying and the diplomatic blowups and reputational damage stemming from the leaks.

The United States adversaries have sought to exploit the awkward moment. It was only months ago that U.S. officials were condemning Beijing for its prying eyes, in the form of spy balloons drifting over multiple continents. On Wednesday, Chinas foreign ministry spokesman turned the tables, insisting that the United States owed the international community an explanation for its indiscriminate secret theft, surveillance and eavesdropping on countries in the world, including its allies.

Unlike in 2013, however, U.S. allies appear to be mostly shrugging off the latest examples of apparent spying.

A Guide totheLeaked Pentagon Documents

Amajor intelligence breach. After U.S. intelligence documents, some marked top secret, were found circulating on social media, questions remain about how dozens of pages from Pentagon briefingsbecame public and how much to believe them. Here is what we know:

Are the documents real? Yes, officials say at least, for the most part. Some of the documents appear to have been altered, officials say. U.S. officials are alarmed at this exposure of secret information, and the F.B.I. is working to determine the source of the leak.

Where did the materials come from? The evidence that this is a leak, and not a hack, appears strong. The material may be popping up on platformslike Discord, Twitter, 4chan and the Telegram messaging app, but what is being circulated are photographs of printed briefing reports.

What other countries are named? The leak appears to go well beyondclassified material on Ukraine. Analysts say the trove of documents also includes sensitive material on Canada, China, Israeland South Korea, in addition to the Indo-Pacific military theater and the Middle East.

The governments of Egypt, Israel, South Korea, and the United Arab Emirates called leaked reports about their deliberations false or fabricated but said little or nothing about the surveillance itself. (U.S. officials have not disputed the overall authenticity of the documents, though they have warned without offering specifics that some of the contents may have been altered since appearing online.)

The subdued response may be the product of a jaded view about the long reach of U.S. spy agencies. The end of the Cold War may have brought a golden era of espionage to a close, but the documents that Mr. Snowden leaked in 2013 revealed that a new age of spying had begun after September 2001. It became clear that the United States, driven by fears of foreign terrorism and empowered by technological advances, had created a sophisticated network of global surveillance that was scooping up vast amounts of data from millions of emails and phone calls around the world.

It was shocking to many at the time. Less so today.

I would expect the reaction to this latest leak to be far more muted than the reaction to the Snowden disclosures, said Charles Kupchan, who became the White House National Security Councils senior director for Europe less than a year after those leaks.

Snowden let the cat out of the bag by revealing the full extent of American surveillance worldwide, Mr. Kupchan said. To some extent, the fact that the U.S. is spying on allies is old news, he added.

That may be a relief for President Biden. President Barack Obama, under whom Mr. Kupchan served, found himself working the phones to clean up damage from the revelations of surveillance of allies.

Perhaps most explosive was the disclosure that the N.S.A. had directly targeted Chancellor Angela Merkels phone, which led her to tell Mr. Obama, as she later recounted, that spying on friends is not acceptable. Political rivals criticized Ms. Merkel for allowing the United States to trample on Germanys sovereignty, and German public opinion toward the country soured.

Mr. Obama acknowledged the damage during a meeting in February 2015 with the German leader, telling reporters as they sat together in the Oval Office that there was no doubt that the Snowden revelations damaged impressions of Germans with respect to the U.S. government and our intelligence cooperation.

Brazilian politics was similarly inflamed when the Snowden documents revealed that the N.S.A. had been monitoring the emails and phone calls of President Dilma Rousseff. A personal appeal from Mr. Obama in a 20-minute phone call was not enough to prevent a furious Ms. Rousseff from canceling a state visit to Washington planned for the next month. Soon after, she castigated the United States in remarks at the United Nations for an affront to the principles that should otherwise govern relations among countries, especially among friendly nations.

Mr. Obama appealed to France, first after a 2013 revelation that the N.S.A. had surveilled its citizens and business and political leaders, and again after the disclosure that Washington had spied on not one but three recent French presidents. Mr. Obama phoned President Franois Hollande toassure him that the practice had ended.

How Times reporters cover politics.We rely on our journalists to be independent observers. So while Times staff members may vote, they are not allowed to endorse or campaign for candidates or political causes. This includes participating in marches or rallies in support of a movement or giving money to, or raising money for, any political candidate or election cause.

Polling by the Pew Research Center later found that those disclosures had harmed the United States public image, but not gravely. A Pew survey of 44 countries found widespread opposition to U.S. covert surveillance, with more than 73 percent of respondents saying they opposed spying on their leaders. The survey also showed Mr. Obamas approval ratings had plunged in Germany and Brazil. But global opinion about the United States remained positive overall.

It is too early to say how public opinion might be affected by the classified documents that were recently discovered online, but there are few indications of a major backlash. Benjamin Rhodes, a former deputy national security adviser in the Obama administration, said he expected little outcry.

One key reason, he said, was that the documents leaked by Mr. Snowden revealed not only spying on world leaders but also mass surveillance of populations, angering people who felt that their everyday privacy might have been violated.

That created more of a political problem for the leaders, Mr. Rhodes said. There was some performative outrage, in part because it was about the emails of their people.

There had also been a normalization of these leaks, he said, citing not only the N.S.A. files Mr. Snowden released but also a huge trove of State Department diplomatic cables given to WikiLeaks by Chelsea Manning, the former Army intelligence analyst.

By this point, I just cant imagine that anybody could credibly be shocked to learn that the U.S. is interested in decision-making in these countries, Mr. Rhodes said.

Some purported examples of that decision-making include Egypts plans to secretly supply Russia with munitions to use in Ukraine, a deepening of ties between the Emirati and Russian intelligence services, deliberations about war strategy in Ukraine, and support for antigovernment protests from officials in Mossad, Israels spy agency. (The Washington Post reported on the intelligence about Egypt, and The Associated Press reported on the United Arab Emirates based on documents they exclusively obtained. Both governments have denied the allegations.)

So far, the only evident political fallout from the latest leaks has occurred in South Korea, where one classified U.S. document described a debate among senior national security officials about whether to send artillery shells abroad that might wind up in Ukraine, potentially angering Russia. Opposition leaders in South Korea have denounced the United States for breaching trust with an ally and violating the sovereignty of the country.

But that might be mostly a matter of domestic political grandstanding, said Andrew Yeo, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institutions Center for East Asia Policy Studies, as South Koreas opposition Democratic Party works to undermine the government of President Yoon Suk Yeol.

Mr. Yoon, keen on a close alliance with the United States, has little interest in a diplomatic row with Mr. Biden. And South Koreans may be tolerant of the eavesdropping given their highly favorable attitudes toward the United States, in part because they see Washington as an important guardian against Chinas growing power.

I dont think its anywhere near the sort of reaction that we got with WikiLeaks, Mr. Yeo said. I dont think its going to damage the alliance in the long term.

He added, Its more of an embarrassment that the U.S. is still having to spy on its friends.

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Once Shocking, U.S. Spying on Its Allies Draws a Global Shrug - The New York Times

DeSantis wants to eliminate in-state college tuition for undocumented students and beneficiaries of the Obama- – Business Insider India

As part of Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis's extensive immigration reform legislative package, undocumented students could lose access to in-state tuition rates.

The legislation would repeal a 2014 law that gave undocumented students and beneficiaries of the Obama-era Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, which protects those who came as children from deportation, access to in-state tuition rates. That law was enacted by DeSantis' predecessor Rick Scott, who is now a GOP Senator.

This immigration package would also make it a felony to shelter or transport an undocumented immigrant in the state, invalidate out-of-state driver's licenses for undocumented immigrants, and also require hospitals to ask patients about their immigration status to report to the state, among other measures.

The legislation would be one of the toughest immigration measures proposed in over a decade and is expected to pass within weeks, The New York Times reported. The Florida governor first announced these sweeping proposals in February as a way to "fight Biden's Border Crisis."

"With this legislation, Florida is continuing to crack down on the smuggling of illegal aliens, stopping municipalities from issuing ID cards to people here illegally, and ensuring that employers are hiring American citizens or those here legally," DeSantis said in a February statement announcing the package.

"Florida is a law and order state, and we won't turn a blind eye to the dangers of Biden's Border Crisis. We will continue to take steps to protect Floridians from reckless federal open border policies."

Republicans have supermajorities in both the state House and Senate and the legislation could impact the 40,000 undocumented higher education students in Florida, of which a little over 12,000 are DACA-eligible, according to data from the Higher Ed Immigration Portal.

"We need to do everything in our power to protect the people of Florida from what's going on at the border and the border crisis," DeSantis said at a news conference in late February.

DeSantis' proposal has garnered pushback from business groups, who say the move is not only "unfair" but could hurt the workforce.

"At a time when we need thousands more educated and there are thousands of jobs vacant because there aren't enough people to take the jobs, here we have young people willing to serve the county and now there's a proposal to deny them that opportunity," Eduardo Padrn, a former board chair of the Association of American Colleges and Universities said in a March statement from the American Business Immigration Coalition.

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DeSantis wants to eliminate in-state college tuition for undocumented students and beneficiaries of the Obama- - Business Insider India

Montgomery man guilty of manslaughter in Prattville slaying – Montgomery Advertiser

PRATTVILLE - An Autauga County jury deliberated about an hour and a half Wednesday afternoon before convicting a Montgomery man of manslaughter and assault in connection with a 2020 deadly shooting in Prattville.

Sir James Edward Raby, 25, was originally indicted on murder and assault charges in the case, court records show. The verdicts came down after a day-and-a-half long trial. Circuit Judge Bill Lewis revoked Rabys bond and put him in the Autauga Metro Jail until sentencing.

Raby was found guilty of manslaughter in the death of Jerode Baskin and assault in the shooting or Jerreus Rudolph. The two are brothers, and Rudolph was shot in the ankle.

The defense originally argued self defense under Alabama's Stand Your Ground law, and a hearing was held before the trial. Lewis ruled the Stand Your Ground law did not apply to Rabys actions. If it had applied, the charges against him would have been dropped.

At trial, testimony came out that Raby and another man went to a Halloween night party held at Brantwood Apartments. Raby came to the party with an AR-15 style pistol tucked into the front of his pants, according to testimony.

It was a big ol gun, 24 inches long, stuck down the front of his pants, Chief Assistant District Attorney Josh Cochran told the jury in his opening statement.

Rudolph and another man were also at the party, and Cochran told the jury that a friend of Rabys bumped into Rudolphs friend in the apartment and words were exchanged. Rudolph and the man left the party and went to Baskins apartment, which was in the same apartment complex, to get his older brother.

The group returned to the party and met with Raby and the other man on the balcony to clear things up, Cochran said.

They had settled the matter, but Raby had that big ol gun drawn from the front of his pants and he started shooting, Cochran said.

Tom Azar, Rabys attorney, told the jury in his opening statemen that his client acted in self-defense.

James told police that someone stuck a gun in his belly and he heard several clicks, so he pulled his gun and fired, Azar said. They left and came back to the party with the victim. But for that we wouldnt be here.

Officers found a Glock 9 mm pistol under Baskins body when they rolled him over, Cpl. Mark Lively, one of the first officers to get to the apartment testified. It appeared the pistol had not been fired, because empty shell casings werenot found on the balcony, testimony brought out.

Baskin was shot five times.

When contacted by Prattville Police Department investigators, Raby turned himself in, turned over the AR-15 pistol used in the shooting and made a statement to detectives, testimony brought out.

If James had intentionally killed someone and shot someone, he wouldnt have shown up at the Prattville Police Department so quickly when asked, and he wouldnt have brought his gun, Azar said.

District Attorney CJ Robinson accepts the jurys verdict.

They weighed the evidence, and made their decisions, he said. We are satisfied with the verdict of manslaughter, a lesser charge, and assault. There is some justice for the families of Jerode Baskin and Jereus Rudolph.

Raby has four prior felony breaking and entering vehicle convictions from Lee County, court records show.

With his prior felonies, we will be asking the judge for the maximum sentence, Robinson said.

Raby could be sentenced to life in prison due to his prior felony convictions. The state offered him a 15-year sentence if he pleaded guilty to manslaughter, records show, but Raby wanted to take the case to trial.

We stand behind our assertation of self defense and expect to appeal, Azar said Thursday.

Contact Montgomery Advertiser reporter Marty Roney at mroney@gannett.com.

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Montgomery man guilty of manslaughter in Prattville slaying - Montgomery Advertiser

Greg Abbott’s Jury Nullification – by Charlie Sykes – The Bulwark

Governor Greg Abbott (Photo by Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images)

The benefit of control of the state is less the power to persecute the innocent; more the power to protect the guilty. Texas Governor Abbott is about to demonstrate what I had in mind. David Frum

Happy Thursday.

Well get to the Texas pardon story in a moment, but lets catch up a bit first:

The Wapo has the scoop: Leaker of U.S. secret documents worked on military base.

Grift watch: Special counsel focuses on Trump fundraising off false election claims.

Under oath again. What could go wrong? Trump to be deposed in New York AG's business fraud lawsuit.

Fox News has another epically sh*tty day in court: Judge Imposes Sanction on Fox for Withholding Evidence in Defamation Case.

My Kevins hostage crisis is about to get worse. Puck News: The Taliban 20s McCarthy To-Do List.

Theres no reason for the 20 to negotiate against what was already agreed to, [Matt] Gaetz told me, regarding the grab bag of promises they extracted in exchange for supporting Kevin McCarthys speakership in January. We shouldn't have to pay twice for the same hostage.

The fight over abortion pills remains a clusterf**k. Appeals court partially blocks federal judge's abortion pill ruling.

However, the three-judge panel determined that other parts of Kacsmaryk's ruling, which suspends changes the FDA later made to mifepristone's approved use and halts distribution of the drug by mail, could still go into effect at the end of the day Friday.

Witness intimidation in broad daylight. Trump sues ex-lawyer Michael Cohen after grand jury testimony.

The lawsuit comes as Cohen, who once said he would "do anything" to protect Trump, appears poised to become a star witness against him at a possible criminal trial in New York on the charges unsealed last week.

The DiFi drama deepens.

[Less] than an hour after POLITICO broke news of growing concerns about Feinsteins slow recovery from the shingles Rep. RO KHANNA (D-Calif.) tweeted something that many Democrats were saying privately:

Its time for @SenFeinstein to resign. We need to put the country ahead of personal loyalty. While she has had a lifetime of public service, it is obvious she can no longer fulfill her duties. Not speaking out undermines our credibility as elected representatives of the people.

Republican election denier expelled from Arizona House.

Liz Harris, an election-denying Republican lawmaker in the Arizona house of representatives, was expelled by her colleagues on Wednesday after she invited to a committee hearing a conspiracy theorist who accused elected officials of unproven corruption and bribery.

Republican and Democratic representatives joined together to expel Harris with a 46-13 vote

Meanwhile How Tennessee Became the Poster State for Political Meltdown.

Today, Tennessee represents the grim culmination of the forces corroding state politics: the nationalization of elections and governance, the tribalism between the two parties, the collapse of local media and internet-accelerated siloing of news and the incentive structure wrought by extreme gerrymandering. Also, if were being honest, the transition from pragmatists anchored in their communities to partisans more fixated on whats said online than at their local Rotary Club.

It was nearly seven years ago (in October 2015) that veteran journalist John Harwood asked Donald Trump: "Lets be honest: Is this the comic book version of a presidential campaign?"

And yet here we still are. We discussed that (and much more) on yesterdays Bulwark podcast.

You can listen to the whole thing here.

I am a bit late to this story because, I have to admit, part of me thought: Surely this cannot be as mind-bendingly awful as it sounds.

But it is.

Texas Governor Greg Abbott appears determined to pardon Daniel Perry, who was just convicted of murdering BLM protester Garrett Foster.

And so begins another chapter in our political devolution.

**

The jurys verdict was both reasonable and consistent with Texas law, writes Radley Balko, but the entire horrific incident is now firmly enmeshed in the culture war. As usual, Fox News has seized on the case with a torrent of misinformation, and Abbott has seized on the murder as an opportunity for tossing more bloody red meat to the base.

I suppose we could think of it as the Kyle Rittenhouse Effect, but this case is much worse.

The day the jury unanimously convicted Perry, Abbott declared on Twitter: Texas has one of the strongest Stand Your Ground laws of self-defense that cannot be nullified by a jury or a progressive District Attorney.

Nick Catoggio notes that Abbott makes no specific allegation of misconduct. The closest Abbott gets is accusing the jury and local district attorney of having nullified the states stand your ground law, which smells suspiciously like code for reached a verdict that offends my political prejudices.

Either Abbott is suggesting that Perrys account of what happened is so compelling that it should override the considered judgment of the D.A., a grand jury, and a trial jurywhich is unlikelyor he means to signal that anyone who kills a left-wing activist in Texas should and will be excused provided theres a fig leaf of self-defense.

And, indeed, that seems to be exactly what Abbott is signaling.

**

Radley Balko breaks down what we know about the case:

According to multiple witnesses, Perry ran a red light, then accelerated directly toward a group of protesters. He could easily have driven around the protest. He did not.

According to multiple witnesses, Perrys car nearly struck Fosters fiance Whitney Mitchell and the man who was pushing her wheelchair. (Mitchell is a quadruple amputee. Not related, but also awful year later, an Austin police officer would dump her from her wheelchair during a protest.)

According to multiple witnesses, protesters then surrounded Perrys car, some of them kicking or slapping at the outside of it. Foster stood next to the car, holding his rifle. Multiple witnesses say Foster never pointed his rifle at Perry, though its worth noting that these witnesses were protesters, and thus hostile to Perry. The only photo of the incident is ambiguous.

Perry himself initially said Foster never pointed the rifle at him. During his police interrogation, Perry said, I believe he was going to aim at me. I didnt want to give him a chance to aim at me. If someone is holding a rifle in your general vicinity, but not pointing it at you, you do not have legal cover to kill them.

According to multiple witnesses, Foster also gestured for Perry to move on. He also instructed Perry to stay in his car to avoid any further confrontation. Neither is consistent with someone who presented an immediate threat to kill or harm Perry.

Despite claims from right wing personalities, Foster never fired his gun.

Even if Foster had pointed his gun at Perry, he would not have been in violation of Texas law. Based on Perrys actions running a red light toward a group of protesters Foster had good reason to believe that Perry was attempting to harm Foster and those around him. He had the right to use lethal force to defend himself and others.

At Perrys trial, a defense expert testified that Foster could have raised his rifle and shot Perry in well less than a second. This is irrelevant. Texas is an open carry state. Anyone openly carrying a rifle could, in theory, point, aim, and kill someone in a fraction of a second. If what Foster did justifies lethal self-defense, you could plausibly argue the same about anyone carrying a rifle in public, particularly at a protest, or at any tense situation where theres the possibility of conflict.

The court record is filled with details about Perrys possible motivation. There is ample evidence, writes Balko, that Perry intended to harm the protesters.

In one Facebook comment responding to a post about protesters in another state, Perry wrote, send them to Texas. We will show them why we say dont mess with Texas.

A friend of Perrys also testified that a month before the incident, Perry had texted him to ask about other incidents in which someone had shot at protesters, and inquired if those shootings were legal.

In the weeks leading up to the incident, Perry had conducted internet searches on the phrases protest tonight, protesters in Seattle gets shot, riot shootouts, and protests in Dallas live.

After that latter search, Perry texted to a friend, I might go to Dallas to shoot looters.

Among the other messages and comments he had recently sent or left online: I might have to kill a few people on my way to work they are rioting outside my apartment complex, and No protesters go near me or my car.

**

But in the right-wing media ecosystem, it is Foster who is being demonized, while his murderer is lionized. Writes Balko: You only valorize Garrett Fosters killer if youve convinced yourself that Foster deserved to die.

If Abbott and the Texas pardon board want to free Perry and clear his record, they have the power to do it. But we ought to be clear about why theyre doing it. This isnt about the rule of law. Its the rule of ideology, enforced with violence.

Balkos analysis here is scorching:

For all the degeneracy on the political right in the Trump era, this is what I find most alarmingthe dehumanizing of political opponents to the point where violence isnt merely justifiable, its almost a moral imperative.

Their opponents arent just wrong, theyre criminal.

People accused of crimes arent just presumed guilty, they deserve to be abused by police. Immigrants arent just crossing the border illegally, theyre mostly rapists and criminals.

Protesters arent merely misguided, they should be flattened by big-ass trucks.

Exit take: This is how a cold civil war becomes a hot one.

Amanda Carpenter writes in todays Bulwark:

Scott declared his ambition to seek the highest office in the land on Wednesday, April 12, with an ad filmed at Fort Sumter, where the first shots of the Civil War rang out 161 years earlier to the day. He wanted people to pay attention to that fateful anniversary.

Because the way Scott sees it, America is on the verge of another civil war. And if you think Scott is talking about the threat posed by Donald Trumps insurrectionist mob, well, HAHAHAHAHAHA. Wrongo!

Scott, that winsome, uplifting, inspiring, rising star of the GOP, is launching his presidential exploratory bid on the notion that its Joe Biden who is leading a new confederacy that threatens to tear the country apart.

Tim Miller in the Bulwark:

RON DESANTISS REMARKABLE 2023 legislative session is replete with compassionless quasi-conservative bills that he hopes will power an upcoming presidential campaign. The session is set to reach its apex this month with the signing of a Stephen Miller-style immigration law that targets immigrant communities in his not-really-a-border-state state.

HB 1617: An Act Related To Unlawful Immigration, has yet to garner a catchy Dont Say Gay-type moniker to describe its barbarism. My proposal, the Miep Gies Criminalization Act of 2023, probably wont be the one that sticks.

But the name of DeSantiss legislation matters less than the particulars. Among them: requiring hospitals to collect the immigration status of patients and report it to the government and preventing legal DACA recipients from obtaining law licenses.

But the most troubling provisions are related to the transport and harboring of immigrants.

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The stupid. It burns.

..

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Greg Abbott's Jury Nullification - by Charlie Sykes - The Bulwark

National Action Network holds panel on police reform with families of Tyre Nichols, George Floyd and Eric Garner – CBS News

NEW YORK --Families of Black men and women killed by police held a discussion on reform during the National Action Network Convention Wednesday.

Rev. Al Sharptonwelcomed the relatives to his gathering at the Sheraton in Times Square.

AttorneyBen Crumpled a panel discussion on ways to enforce police accountability and prevent future tragedies.

The parents ofTyre Nicholswere among the speakers. Nichols was beaten to death by Memphis police officers earlier this year. As RowVaughn and Rodney Wells arrived in New York from Memphis, they learned their home city had just voted to outlaw frivolous traffic stops, as well as specialized police units like the one made up of the officers who killed Nichols.

"I truly believe that my son was here on a mission from God, and his assignment was completed," his mother, RowVaughn Wells, said, crying.

"As we see his mother standing here weeping," Sharpton added, "that will never bring back her son, but her son has saved the lives of other sons and other daughters."

The loved ones ofGeorge Floyd,Eric Garnerand Trayvon Martin were also invited to the discussion.

Sharpton and Crump now aim to add the Memphis laws to the federal George Floyd Justice In Policing bill, which Congress has yet to pass.

"If they can make federal laws to protect a bird, which is the Bald Eagle, then they can make federal laws to protect people of color," said Floyd's brother Philonise.

These families describe themselves as a fraternity they never wanted to join, but longtime fighters like Eric Garner's mother, Gwen Carr, lead the way in the fight for change. The state of New York has a ban on chokeholds because of her son's case.

"It's good to take a step back sometimes and stay under the cover for a day," Carr admitted, "but then the next day, you've got to get up fighting again."

That is how action can happen. Ahmaud Arbery's mother successfully advocated to repeal Georgia's citizens arrest law and implement a hate crime law across the state. However, Trayvon Martin's mom is still trying to end Florida's Stand Your Ground law a decade after her son's death.

United as one, the families of those slain strengthen in voice to honor their names.

"This fight has just begun, and it's not going to end no time soon," concluded Nichols' stepfather Rodney.

"It's not by accident that we are facing the same crises in every city that we are in, and NAN is saying let's come together and come up with the solutions that we can implement," Mayor Eric Adams said.

The NAN Convention continues through Saturday, April 15, with conversations focusing on social justice and voting rights. Vice President Kamala Harris is scheduled to speak Friday at noon.

Jessi Mitchell joined the CBS New York team as a multi-skilled journalist in October 2021, focusing her reporting in Harlem.

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National Action Network holds panel on police reform with families of Tyre Nichols, George Floyd and Eric Garner - CBS News