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The startup using ARMs blueprint to give European quantum a fighting chance – Sifted

Theres quite a bit of ground standing between humanity and a working quantum computer, and experts are worried that Europe could be left behind as the US and China pour billions into the technology.

But one startup from the small German city of Ulm believes it can help smaller players with less capital to compete against the big guns of Google and IBM, by addressing one of the key technical challenges in building a useful quantum computer.

QC Design which is today coming out of stealth mode is building technology to help quantum hardware companies fast track a process known as error correction: the task of getting more qubits (the quantum equivalent of a bit a unit of information in classical computing) working together to scale up the power of these machines.

Companies like Paris-based PASQAL,UK-based Quantum Motion and Finnish IQM are all building their own approaches to quantum computers, trying to increase the number of qubits in their systems.

But scaling up the number of qubits isn't the only challenge. To begin solving complex problems like finding new drugs or useful materials quantum computer builders also have to create something called logical qubits.

In simple terms, a logical qubit is a combination of hundreds of qubits working together to facilitate complex quantum calculations. This is difficult to achieve due to the very delicate nature of qubits, which generally have to be chilled to extremely low temperatures to keep them stable, making them expensive and difficult to operate.

This is where error correction comes in, as researchers build systems that counteract the natural faults that qubits make (a goal in quantum computing known as fault tolerance). But theres a big talent shortage in this field and Europe is far behind in the race, according to QC Design founder Ish Dhand.

American companies were here first and lots of the top error correction researchers from Europe and elsewhere in the world work with these big North American companies, he says.

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If you look at the companies that have blueprints and roadmaps to fault tolerance, these are predominantly North American companies. Even with the biggest companies in Europe which have really good physical qubits the roadmaps to fault tolerance are not yet there.

QC Design hopes it can level the playing field for smaller companies that can't hire the right kind of talent, by licensing them the technology they need to help them scale up their logical qubits.

This will be a mix of hardware architecture and software design, and Dhand tells Sifted that there are already around 50 quantum computing companies globally which could benefit from QC Designs architecture licences.

The company hasn't signed any clients yet, but says its opened early discussions with some quantum hardware builders.

The founder compares his company to an early-stage version of UK chip company ARM, which licences the IP for its chip architecture rather than making the chips itself.

Its just like ARM licences out designs the laptop that I'm talking from is an ARM-designed chip but ARM doesnt make any chips of their own. It's the designs that we licence out, says Dhand.

Comparisons to ARM are, of course, a little premature QC Design was founded in 2021 and employs 10 people. But the company did land pre-seed backing from deeptech investors Vsquared, Quantonation and Salvia last year, and could provide an important piece of the puzzle for companies trying to keep up with the best-funded players in quantum computing.

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The startup using ARMs blueprint to give European quantum a fighting chance - Sifted

Living With Your Boyfriend? Your Marriage Is Less Likely To Work … – Evie Magazine

There is no necessity to marry in modern dating. Instead, many couples simply go through the motions. Often, singletons meet, then they date and have intimate relations with one another before even one word of commitment is spoken.

Years pass, and it gets to that time when talks of moving in together arise. It makes sense to live together its the next step, right? Youre spending so much time together, so why pay two rents when you could be saving for your future together? Plus, with divorce rates being so high, you want to ensure that you and your partner are 100% right for each other before saying I do.

The reasons for moving in together before engagement or marriage are many. It seems like the logical choice. However, youre actually more likely to get divorced if you move in together before you get married. Heres why.

Couples generally believe living together before marriage is a good way to avoid divorce. However, studies have shown that couples who live together first are actually less satisfied with their marriages and more likely to divorce than couples who do not. This is called the cohabitation effect.

Even marital researchers are confused by this effect because, in theory, moving in together before marriage should reduce the chances of marrying the wrong person. Youll learn more about each other, begin negotiating chores, and get a taste of what married life would be like with your beloved. And its true to a certain extent.

For example, a study in 2018 showed that couples who live together first are less likely to break up in the first year of marriage. This is likely because they spend years negotiating and getting used to living together before entering a marriage. However, this happiness doesnt last long, as couples who live together first are more likely to get divorced later on. In the short term, it seems that living together works, but in the long term, its less effective. Why is that?

The cohabitation effect cant be fully explained through characteristics such as a persons religion, education, or politics.

Although some believe this occurs because those who live together before marriage may be more open to divorce in the first place i.e. they arent religious and have no moral reason for not moving in with their partner research shows that the cohabitation effect cant be fully explained through characteristics such as a persons religion, education, or politics.

This is something Dr. Meg Jay covers in her book The Defining Decade: Why Your Twenties Matter and How To Make the Most of Them Now. She writes that when twentysomethings are asked how they ended up moving in with their partner, they often say, It just happened. This is known as sliding, not deciding. Going from dating to cohabitation is often a gradual slope and bears no real commitment. Plus, a real conversation about what it means to move in together rarely occurs.

In fact, moving in together can mean different things to each person and unfortunately, its incredibly common for a couple to have widely different reasons for moving in with their partner. Dr. Jay writes that when women are asked why they want to live with their partner, they are more likely to say they want better access to love. However, when a man is asked, he will often say easier access to sex. Worse still, even after the relationship progresses to marriage, lower levels of commitment still persist.

People have lower standards for a live-in partner than for a spouse.

Another negative side effect of cohabitation is the fact that people have lower standards for a live-in partner than for a spouse something which could be detrimental to your future happiness. Time is a persons most precious commodity, and by lowering standards for a live-in partner, people are simply wasting time theyll never get back. So, if you do decide to move in with your boyfriend and you hope to be married with kids one day its important to ask whether or not this is the person you want to do that with.

Another reason why its important to be intentional is because theres a psychological process that occurs when you make a decision.

According to Barry Schwartz, author of The Paradox of Choice, The very option of being allowed to change our minds seems to increase the chances we will change our minds. When we can change our minds about decisions, we are less satisfied with them. When a decision is final, we engage in a variety of psychological processes that enhance our feelings about the choice we made relative to the alternatives.

Its almost as if getting married once youve already been living together becomes a default mechanism its just the next step. Couples end up sliding into marriage rather than making a purposeful commitment. Plus, without a lifelong commitment, people are able to keep one foot out of the relationship and easily use their get-out-of-jail-free card.

Ultimately, Jordan Peterson defines what cohabitation really is in his book Beyond Order: 12 More Rules for Life. He writes: Consider the statement implicit in living together, prior to marriage: Youre good enough to live with, and attractive enough for temporary sexual purposes, but I want to hold open the possibility of trading up if Im fortunate enough to find someone preferable to you (someone sufficiently deluded to accept me as a partner, under such conditions). Contrast that with I am willing to stake my future on our joint integrity, and to risk building a life with you on that foundation. If you had to choose between two potential partners on the basis of those alternate explicitly stated principles one abiding by the former, the other, the latter whom would you choose?

People no longer want to live their lives with boundaries. However, withholding some aspects of a relationship, such as moving in together, may lead to a better outcome in the long run.

If you dont want to wait until marriage to live with your boyfriend, make sure you ask yourself whether the guy youre moving in with would make a good husband and father.Its also important to have the right discussions with your boyfriend before you move in together to ensure youre both on the same page. The last thing you want is to move in with a guy who is only doing so to delay a real commitment to you. But if youve already moved in, its not too late. Have these conversations with your boyfriend now to save yourself from possible heartbreak in the future.

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Living With Your Boyfriend? Your Marriage Is Less Likely To Work ... - Evie Magazine

New Superconducting Diode Could Improve Performance Of … – Eurasia Review

A University of Minnesota Twin Cities-led team has developed a new superconducting diode, a key component in electronic devices, that could help scale up quantum computers for industry use and improve the performance of artificial intelligence systems. Compared to other superconducting diodes, the researchers device is more energy efficient; can process multiple electrical signals at a time; and contains a series of gates to control the flow of energy, a feature that has never before been integrated into a superconducting diode.

The paper is published inNature Communications, a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers the natural sciences and engineering.

A diode allows current to flow one way but not the other in an electrical circuit. Its essentially half of a transistor, the main element in computer chips. Diodes are typically made with semiconductors, but researchers are interested in making them with superconductors, which have the ability to transfer energy without losing any power along the way.

We want to make computers more powerful, but there are some hard limits we are going to hit soon with our current materials and fabrication methods, said Vlad Pribiag, senior author of the paper and an associate professor in the University of Minnesota School of Physics and Astronomy. We need new ways to develop computers, and one of the biggest challenges for increasing computing power right now is that they dissipate so much energy. So, were thinking of ways that superconducting technologies might help with that.

The University of Minnesota researchers created the device using three Josephson junctions, which are made by sandwiching pieces of non-superconducting material between superconductors. In this case, the researchers connected the superconductors with layers of semiconductors. The devices unique design allows the researchers to use voltage to control the behavior of the device.

Their device also has the ability to process multiple signal inputs, whereas typical diodes can only handle one input and one output. This feature could have applications in neuromorphic computing, a method of engineering electrical circuits to mimic the way neurons function in the brain to enhance the performance of artificial intelligence systems.

The device weve made has close to the highest energy efficiency that has ever been shown, and for the first time, weve shown that you can add gates and apply electric fields to tune this effect, explained Mohit Gupta, first author of the paper and a Ph.D. student in the University of Minnesota School of Physics and Astronomy. Other researchers have made superconducting devices before, but the materials theyve used have been very difficult to fabricate. Our design uses materials that are more industry-friendly and deliver new functionalities.

The method the researchers used can, in principle, be used with any type of superconductor, making it more versatile and easier to use than other techniques in the field. Because of these qualities, their device is more compatible for industry applications and could help scale up the development of quantum computers for wider use.

Right now, all the quantum computing machines out there are very basic relative to the needs of real-world applications, Pribiag said. Scaling up is necessary in order to have a computer thats powerful enough to tackle useful, complex problems. A lot of people are researching algorithms and usage cases for computers or AI machines that could potentially outperform classical computers. Here, were developing the hardware that could enable quantum computers to implement these algorithms. This shows the power of universities seeding these ideas that eventually make their way to industry and are integrated into practical machines.

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New Superconducting Diode Could Improve Performance Of ... - Eurasia Review

Graphene and Quantum Computing: A Match Made in Heaven – CityLife

Graphene and Quantum Computing: A Match Made in Heaven

Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, has been hailed as a wonder material since its discovery in 2004. This ultra-thin, ultra-strong material has the potential to revolutionize industries ranging from electronics to medicine. One area where graphenes unique properties could have a particularly profound impact is in the realm of quantum computing.

Quantum computing is an emerging field that seeks to harness the strange and powerful properties of quantum mechanics to perform calculations far beyond the capabilities of classical computers. While still in its infancy, quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize fields such as cryptography, drug discovery, and artificial intelligence. However, the development of practical quantum computers has been hampered by a number of technical challenges, including the need for materials that can support and manipulate delicate quantum states.

This is where graphene comes in. Graphenes remarkable electronic properties make it an ideal candidate for use in quantum computing. For one, graphene is an excellent conductor of electricity, with electrons able to move through the material with very little resistance. This property could be used to create ultra-fast, low-power quantum computing devices.

Moreover, graphenes two-dimensional structure gives it unique quantum properties. Electrons in graphene behave as if they have no mass, allowing them to move at extremely high speeds and follow the rules of quantum mechanics rather than classical physics. This means that graphene could potentially be used to create quantum bits, or qubits, the fundamental building blocks of quantum computers.

Qubits are the quantum equivalent of classical bits, which represent information as either a 0 or a 1. However, qubits can exist in a superposition of both 0 and 1 simultaneously, allowing quantum computers to perform many calculations at once. This parallelism is what gives quantum computers their immense potential for solving complex problems.

One of the key challenges in building a quantum computer is maintaining the delicate quantum states of qubits. Quantum states are easily disturbed by their environment, leading to errors in calculations. This phenomenon, known as decoherence, is a major obstacle to the development of practical quantum computers.

Graphenes unique properties could help address this issue. The materials two-dimensional structure means that it can be easily integrated with other materials, such as superconductors, which are essential for maintaining quantum states. Additionally, graphenes high electron mobility could be used to create devices that can manipulate and control qubits with high precision.

Recent research has demonstrated the potential of graphene for quantum computing applications. In one study, scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) were able to create a graphene-based device that could control the flow of electrons with a high degree of precision. This device, known as a valleytronics system, could potentially be used to create qubits that are less susceptible to decoherence.

In another study, researchers at the University of Cambridge were able to use graphene to create a new type of qubit that is both more stable and more easily controlled than existing designs. This topological qubit could be a major step forward in the development of practical quantum computers.

While there is still much work to be done, it is clear that graphene has the potential to play a crucial role in the development of quantum computing. The marriage of these two cutting-edge fields could lead to breakthroughs that were once thought to be the stuff of science fiction. As researchers continue to explore the potential of graphene and quantum computing, we may be on the cusp of a new era of technological innovation that will reshape our world in ways we can only begin to imagine.

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Graphene and Quantum Computing: A Match Made in Heaven - CityLife

Where To, Academic Man? – The American Conservative

A good frienda retired professor of science at a prestigious universitydespairingly sent me yet another example of the cancellation of information challenging the woke zeitgeist. The article, which appeared in the influential journal Physics Education Review, claimed that whiteboards collaborate with white organizational culture, where ideas and experiences gain value (become more central) when written down. As if that wasnt ridiculous enough, an even bigger fish, the American Physical Society, not only jumped in to defend the nonsense but stifled contrary opinions put forth by a group of highly credentialed physicists.

It seems that similar outrages occur in academia almost every week. Respected scholars invited to speak on campus are shouted down or chased from the stage by howling packs of indoctrinated students, violent Antifa members are hired to teach at major universities, and highly discriminatory Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion mandates are inserted into the curriculum, governing documents, and job advertisements.

Illustrating how deeply cancel culture has intruded upon valid intellectual exploration, an anonymous anthropology Ph.D. who goes by the internet pseudonym Stone Age Herbalist recently wrote in a widely circulated UnHerd article:

What seems obvious to the general public that prehistory was a bloody mess of invasions, migrations, battles and conflict is not always a commonplace view among researchers. Worse, the idea that ancient peoples organized themselves among clear ethnic and tribal lines is also taboo. Obvious statements of common sense, such as the existence of patriarchy in the past, are constantly challenged and the general tone of academia is one of refutation: both of established theories and thinkers and of disagreeable parts of the past itself.

His lament suggests that the emerging consensus among academic anthropologists has become preposterous. Everything we know about primitive people, both long dead and alive today, indicates that the sort of social organization describedethnic, tribal, and patriarchalis pretty much universal. Yet that apparent verity conflicts with the majority views in todays anthropology departments; in some, such observations cannot even be expressed, let alone defended.

Such thinking sounds the death knell for truth and knowledgeand yet it prevails throughout much of academia. My friends despair was hardly irrational. Yet Sauron has not completely won the whole of Middle Earth. Some hearty contrarian academics still remain, and many of their colleagues, who personally lean to the left, still support an open exchange of ideas. Perhaps more important, small bastions of conservative thought have appeared in the last couple of decades, both inside and outside the academy.

Inside, independent academic centers and institutes that receive outside funding but are still part of the university have, with a few exceptions, proven to be both resilient and effective as far as providing post-doctoral employment for newly minted conservative Ph.D.s until they can find more permanent positions. In part because of these centers, every new conservative Ph.D. of my acquaintance has found appropriate intellectual work, mostly in academia.

Another very hopeful development is a new spirit of engagement with academia by conservative state politicians. Until recently, even in solidly red states, Republican politicians gave wide latitude to public university systems to run their own affairs. In doing so, they turned a blind eye to intellectual realities, and those institutions responded by becoming woke and allying themselves with politicians on the left. Lately, however, there has been serious pushback. For instance, as of May 1, twenty state legislatures have proposed bills disallowing or limiting the use of DEI political litmus tests in the state university systems.

Additionally, some states are restoring the spirit of the open exchange of ideas on their public campuses by mandating debates or discussions featuring multiple perspectives on controversial topics. Florida recently passed a bill that requires public universities to create an Office of Public Policy Events to hold large-scale discussions or debates on major issues on campus. North Carolina has already created a Public Discourse Program for the same purpose at its flagship campus at Chapel Hill and may do something similar for its entire university system.

As promising as these developments are, it is unlikely the academy will become a completely open forum any time soon. Even in a best-case scenario, opinions will not be allowed to stray too far from established norms. There has been too much censorship for too long, too much social disapprobation, with too many factions poised to disrupt events whenever the discussion veers outside the narrow boundaries of their approval.

Furthermore, conservative efforts to date have done little to confront the deep-seated bias in departments, administrations, academic journals, and research funding agencies, where the worst silencing goes on. As the saying goes, personnel is policy, and new hiring continues to move faculty and related staff further into cancel culture. The left will find other means than statements of agreement with DEI principles to winnow out non-conforming jobseekers, and it may take more than a few laws protecting free speech to change the real dialogue on most campuses.

But even if the momentum against openness to differing views continues in the academy, there is growing activity outside the protective walls of the Ivory Tower. Another institution vies to be the leader in public discussion: the internet.

Important ideas are increasingly likely to be introduced on the websites of think tanks or web-based media publications rather than in academic journals. Still, these publications must remain within a certain range of perspectives or face cancellation techniques such as the loss of access to social media.

Most people are familiar with highly visible dissenters who have left tenured academic positions, such as former Evergreen State College biologist Brett Weinstein or former University of Toronto psychologist Jordan Peterson, both of whom now thrive on the internet. But there are some academicssome still working inside the academywhose work goes far beyond current conventions. The above-cited Stone Age Herbalist is one, and he describes how serious scholarship in his field now takes place in a sort of intellectual underground:

For or many of us, anonymity has allowed us to pursue our passion for scholarly research in a way that is simply impossible within the censorious confines of modern academia. And so, in these hidden places, professional geneticists, bio-archaeologists and physical anthropologists have created a network of counter-research. Using home-made software, spreadsheets and private servers, detailed and rigorous work is conducted away from prying eyes and hectoring voices.

The internet has made it possible for even the most unique scholars to promote their ideas to the broader public. Another anonymous internet intellectualthe outrageous Bronze Age Pervertself-published a book (Bronze Age Mindset) in 2018 that burst through the barrier that separates the wishful world of self-published writers and the lucrative world of celebrated authors. To many younger scholars in academia, tired of the boundaries imposed on them, his book was seen as intriguingif not thrilling. To more established intellectuals, it was seen as ill-conceived and threatening, although more than a few found it worthy of real analysis.

With so many new entrants into the world of ideas outside of traditional sources, academias stranglehold on the national discourse may be broken, and the Ivory Tower itself may be forced to open up. But that is only if the current freedom to exchange ideas continues. What the future brings is anybodys guess; the future of the intellectual life of the nation comes down to a question of power: Who controls the dialogue?

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Where To, Academic Man? - The American Conservative