How the NSA identified Satoshi Nakamoto – Medium
Satoshi Nakamoto
The creator of Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto, is the worlds most elusive billionaire (worth more than $7B as of November 2017). Very few people outside of the Department of Homeland Security know Satoshis real name. In fact, DHS will not publicly confirm that even THEY know the billionaires identity. Satoshi has taken great care to keep his identity secret employing the latest encryption and obfuscation methods in his communications. Despite these efforts (according to my source at the DHS) Satoshi Nakamoto gave investigators the only tool they needed to find himhis own words.
Using stylometry one is able to compare texts to determine authorship of a particular work. Throughout the years Satoshi wrote thousands of posts and emails and most of which are publicly available. According to my source, the NSA was able to the use the writer invariant method of stylometry to compare Satoshis known writings with trillions of writing samples from people across the globe. By taking Satoshis texts and finding the 50 most common words, the NSA was able to break down his text into 5,000 word chunks and analyse each to find the frequency of those 50 words. This would result in a unique 50-number identifier for each chunk. The NSA then placed each of these numbers into a 50-dimensional space and flatten them into a plane using principal components analysis. The result is a fingerprint for anything written by Satoshi that could easily be compared to any other writing.
The NSA then took bulk emails and texts collected from their mass surveillance efforts. First through PRISM (a court-approved front-door access to Google and Yahoo user accounts) and then through MUSCULAR (where the NSA copies the data flows across fiber optic cables that carry information among the data centers of Google, Yahoo, Amazon, and Facebook) the NSA was able to place trillions of writings from more than a billion people in the same plane as Satoshis writings to find his true identity. The effort took less than a month and resulted in positive match.
This wasnt the first time efforts had been made to unearth the identity of Satoshi using stylometry. Various reporters and members of the Bitcoin community have used various open source stylometry tools to attempt to uncover the true identity of Bitcoins creator. Their problem? They didnt have access to trillions of emails from a billion people and they werent able to plug them into a supercomputer. The NSAs proprietary software, bulk email collection ability, and computing power made it possible for them to conclusively identify Satoshi.
But why? Why go to so much trouble to identify Satoshi? My source tells me that the Obama administration was concerned that Satoshi was an agent of Russia or Chinathat Bitcoin might be weaponized against us in the future. Knowing the source would help the administration understand their motives. As far as I can tell Satoshi hasnt violated any laws and I have no idea if the NSA determined he was an agent of Russia or China or just a Japanese crypto hacker.
The moral of the story? You cant hide on the internet anymore. Your sentence structure and word use is MORE unique than your own fingerprint. If an organization, like the NSA, wants to find you they will.
Sources: Many readers have asked that I provide third party citations to prove the NSA identified Satoshi using stylometry. Unfortunately, I cannot as I havent read this anywhere elsehence the reason I wrote this post. Im not trying to convince the reader of anything, instead my goal is to share the information I received and make the reader aware of the possibility that the NSA can easily determine the authorship of any email through the use of their various sources, methods, and resources.
Identity: Many readers have asked who Satoshi is and Ive made it clear that information wasnt shared with me. Based on my conversation I got the impression (never confirmed) that he might have been more than one person. This made me think that perhaps the Obama administration was right that Bitcoin was created by a state actor. One person commented on this post that Satoshi was actually four people. Again, I have no idea.
How to Protect Yourself: There is a project on Github you can join to help create a way to write without fingerprints: https://github.com/psal/anonymouth
Read this article:
How the NSA identified Satoshi Nakamoto - Medium
- Securus Technologies Supports Expansion of Sheriff-Led NSA I.G.N.I.T.E. Initiative to Improve Jail Safety and Reentry Outcomes - PR Newswire - February 7th, 2026 [February 7th, 2026]
- NSA set to deal with defiant parties, politicians, supporters on integrity of democratic process - ThePointNG - February 7th, 2026 [February 7th, 2026]
- Where NSA zero trust guidance aligns with enterprise reality - Help Net Security - February 4th, 2026 [February 4th, 2026]
- UNG third in Division 1 of NSA cyber event - University of North Georgia - February 4th, 2026 [February 4th, 2026]
- Green Beret Lieutenant General Joshua Rudd Tapped To Lead NSA and US Cyber Command - SOFREP - February 4th, 2026 [February 4th, 2026]
- SC Flags Health Concerns, Urges Rethink on Sonam Wangchuks NSA Detention - The Morning Voice - February 4th, 2026 [February 4th, 2026]
- What security teams need to know about the NSA's new zero trust guidelines - IT Pro - February 4th, 2026 [February 4th, 2026]
- 'India won't be bullied': NSA Ajit Doval told Marco Rubio that New Delhi would wait out Trump term for trade deal: Report - theweek.in - February 4th, 2026 [February 4th, 2026]
- When Protest becomes a Threat: Inside the Supreme Court hearing on Sonam Wangchuks NSA detention - SabrangIndia - February 4th, 2026 [February 4th, 2026]
- If NSA Commits Database Query Violations, But Nobody Audits Them, Do They Really Happen? - emptywheel - February 4th, 2026 [February 4th, 2026]
- Army general tapped to lead NSA vows to follow the law if confirmed - Military Times - February 1st, 2026 [February 1st, 2026]
- Overturned tractor-trailer shuts portion of Route 32 near NSA - WBAL-TV - February 1st, 2026 [February 1st, 2026]
- Nominee to lead NSA backs controversial spying law - Defense One - February 1st, 2026 [February 1st, 2026]
- NSA pick champions foreign spying law as nomination advances - The Record from Recorded Future News - February 1st, 2026 [February 1st, 2026]
- NSA Releases Phase One and Phase Two of the Zero Trust Implementation Guidelines - National Security Agency (.gov) - February 1st, 2026 [February 1st, 2026]
- Army General Tapped to Lead NSA Said He Doesnt Know Much About the Biggest NSA Controversy - The Intercept - February 1st, 2026 [February 1st, 2026]
- Trump's pick to lead the NSA vows to follow the law if confirmed - ABC News - February 1st, 2026 [February 1st, 2026]
- Trump's pick to lead the NSA vows to follow the law if confirmed - Oskaloosa Herald - February 1st, 2026 [February 1st, 2026]
- Trump's pick to lead the NSA vows to follow the law if confirmed - The Derrick - February 1st, 2026 [February 1st, 2026]
- Overturned tractor-trailer shuts westbound Maryland Route 32 near NSA exit, police say - WBAL News Radio - February 1st, 2026 [February 1st, 2026]
- SC to hear plea against Sonam Wangchuks NSA detention on February 2 - The New Indian Express - February 1st, 2026 [February 1st, 2026]
- Powys sheep sector to hear from Llyr Gruffydd at NSA meeting - County Times - February 1st, 2026 [February 1st, 2026]
- NSA calls for consultation on castration and tail docking to involve sheep farmers - cravenherald.co.uk - January 24th, 2026 [January 24th, 2026]
- NSA launches 13th annual survey for insight into cases of sheep worrying by dogs - Yahoo News UK - January 24th, 2026 [January 24th, 2026]
- NSA Ajit Doval says he doesn't use phone or internet. Here's why - MSN - January 14th, 2026 [January 14th, 2026]
- NSA Ajit Doval says he doesnt use phone or internet; shares views on Indias future and youth - WION - January 11th, 2026 [January 11th, 2026]
- Liberia: NSA Director's Special Assistant Suspended Amid Alleged Gang Sodomy of 15-Year-Old; Authorities Remain Silent - FrontPageAfrica - January 11th, 2026 [January 11th, 2026]
- 'Wars happen because some countries want to impose their will on others': NSA Ajit Doval - Deccan Herald - January 11th, 2026 [January 11th, 2026]
- We have to avenge our history: NSA Ajit Doval urges youth to make India great in every aspect - The Indian Express - January 11th, 2026 [January 11th, 2026]
- CISA, NSA, and Canadian Cyber Centre update Brickstorm analysis with new Rust-based variants - Industrial Cyber - January 11th, 2026 [January 11th, 2026]
- ROVER communication terminals approved for international use by NSA - Military Embedded Systems - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- L3Harris ROVER and TNR systems gain NSA approval enabling secure coalition interoperability - Defence Industry Europe - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- Former NSA insider Kosiba brought back as spy agencys No. 2 - The Record from Recorded Future News - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- Trumps tariff threat to India self-inflicted wound: Former US NSA John Bolton - The Indian EYE - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- NSA Scotland demands support for sheep farmers ahead of Holyrood elections - Farmers Guardian - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- Announcing tariffs for purchasing Russian oil unfortunate: Former US NSA backs closer relationship with India - Punjab News Express - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- NSA Ajit Doval likely to be part of Indian delegation at WEF in Davos - The New Indian Express - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- "A lot of hot air": Former NSA John Bolton on Trump's remarks on possible action beyond Venezuela - ANI News - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- NSA employee sues Trump administration over order on transgender rights and two 'immutable' genders - Yahoo - December 22nd, 2025 [December 22nd, 2025]
- NSA employee sues the Trump administration over transgender rights and 'immutable' genders - AP News - December 22nd, 2025 [December 22nd, 2025]
- Senior official at Indo-Pacific Command is set to be Trumps pick to lead Cyber Command, NSA - The Record from Recorded Future News - December 22nd, 2025 [December 22nd, 2025]
- NSA employee sues the Trump administration over transgender rights and 'immutable' genders - Temple Daily Telegram - December 22nd, 2025 [December 22nd, 2025]
- Potential NSA, Cyber Command leader nomination transmitted to Senate - Nextgov/FCW - December 22nd, 2025 [December 22nd, 2025]
- After Eight Months, White House Names Nominee To Head NSA And CYBERCOM - Defense Daily - December 22nd, 2025 [December 22nd, 2025]
- Fubara Hosts NSA, Says Tinubu Happy With Rivers Governor - TVC News - December 22nd, 2025 [December 22nd, 2025]
- CISA, NSA warn of Chinas BRICKSTORM malware after incident response efforts - The Record from Recorded Future News - December 10th, 2025 [December 10th, 2025]
- CISA and NSA Warn of BRICKSTORM Malware Attacking VMware ESXi and Windows Environments - CybersecurityNews - December 10th, 2025 [December 10th, 2025]
- NSA, CISA, and Others Release Guidance on Integrating AI in Operational Technology - National Security Agency (.gov) - December 4th, 2025 [December 4th, 2025]
- NSA has met 2,000-person workforce reduction goal, people familiar say - Nextgov/FCW - December 4th, 2025 [December 4th, 2025]
- NSA Doval, Thai Foreign Minister Phuangketkeow discuss maritime security, threats of online scams - The Indian EYE - December 4th, 2025 [December 4th, 2025]
- NSA Doval, Thai FM discuss maritime security, threats of online scams - Awaz The Voice - December 4th, 2025 [December 4th, 2025]
- All-clear issued about 2 hours after NSA Naples schools evacuated over potential threat - Stars and Stripes - November 18th, 2025 [November 18th, 2025]
- 'Dhurandhar': R Madhavan reveals Aditya Dhar's little trick that perfected his NSA-inspired look for the - The Times of India - November 18th, 2025 [November 18th, 2025]
- Army officer with Indo-Pacific experience emerges as potential Cyber Command, NSA pick - The Record from Recorded Future News - November 18th, 2025 [November 18th, 2025]
- NSA Dr Rahman to attend Security Conclave in New Delhi - United News of Bangladesh - November 18th, 2025 [November 18th, 2025]
- Man claims NSA told him to shatter glass at AT&T building with hatchet, Nashville police say - WSMV - November 18th, 2025 [November 18th, 2025]
- How the heartbreaking lack of a confirmed leader is impacting CYBERCOM and NSA - Breaking Defense - November 7th, 2025 [November 7th, 2025]
- Goa invokes NSA for three months to tackle anti-socials - The Times of India - November 7th, 2025 [November 7th, 2025]
- CISA, NSA and other unveil security blueprint to harden Microsoft Exchange servers - Homeland Preparedness News - November 7th, 2025 [November 7th, 2025]
- NSA Shares Q3 Revenue Results Below Expectations - GuruFocus - November 7th, 2025 [November 7th, 2025]
- Filipinos aware of civilian supremacy over military NSA Ao - Philippine News Agency - October 28th, 2025 [October 28th, 2025]
- Sonam Wangchuk says his words were twisted to justify his NSA detention - The Statesman - October 26th, 2025 [October 26th, 2025]
- Nokia and stc pioneer the first commercial 5G NSA Cloud RAN deployment in the MEA region - ZAWYA - October 26th, 2025 [October 26th, 2025]
- China accuses NSA of multi-year hack targeting its national time systems - Nextgov/FCW - October 23rd, 2025 [October 23rd, 2025]
- Cybersecurity News: AWS outage, NSA hacking accusations, High risk WhatsApp automation - CISO Series - October 23rd, 2025 [October 23rd, 2025]
- Hackers Say They Have Personal Data of Thousands of NSA and Other Government Officials - Homeland Security Today - October 23rd, 2025 [October 23rd, 2025]
- AWS outage, NSA hacking accusations, High risk WhatsApp automation - LinkedIn - October 23rd, 2025 [October 23rd, 2025]
- Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas: No Concessions Were Made In The Oslo Accords 1.85 Million Palestinians Returned To Their Homeland;... - October 23rd, 2025 [October 23rd, 2025]
- NSA to partner JKG to drive sports technology through Artificial Intelligence - GhanaWeb - October 23rd, 2025 [October 23rd, 2025]
- China claims NSA hacked its national timing systems using 42 "special cyber weapons" - TechSpot - October 23rd, 2025 [October 23rd, 2025]
- US NSA alleged to have launched a cyber attack on a Chinese agency - csoonline.com - October 21st, 2025 [October 21st, 2025]
- Hackers Say They Have Personal Data of Thousands of NSA and Other Government Officials - 404 Media - October 21st, 2025 [October 21st, 2025]
- China says it has foiled a series U.S. cyberattacks on its critical infrastructure Ministry of State Security says it has 'irrefutable evidence' NSA... - October 21st, 2025 [October 21st, 2025]
- China claims the NSA conducted cyberattacks on its national time center - Engadget - October 21st, 2025 [October 21st, 2025]
- China claims the US NSA conducted cyberattacks on its national time center - TechRadar - October 21st, 2025 [October 21st, 2025]
- Donald Trump's ex-NSA John Bolton indicted; charged over mishandling classified information; Trump calls - Times of India - October 19th, 2025 [October 19th, 2025]
- Trump critic and former NSA adviser John Bolton indicted on classified documents charges - MLive.com - October 19th, 2025 [October 19th, 2025]
- NSA Accused of Stealing Secrets from Chinas National Time Centre - Modern Diplomacy - October 19th, 2025 [October 19th, 2025]
- Ex-Donald Trump NSA John Bolton Indicted: All About The 18 Charges - NDTV - October 19th, 2025 [October 19th, 2025]
- Explained: What are the charges against ex-US NSA John Bolton? What next? - Firstpost - October 19th, 2025 [October 19th, 2025]