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June 16 (Reuters) - One in three U.S. election officials feels unsafe on the job and one in six reported being threatened because of their work, according to a survey published Wednesday by New York Universitys nonpartisan Brennan Center for Justice.

The results reflect a reckoning in the wake of election in which the loser, former Republican President Donald Trump, spent months falsely alleging the contest was "rigged" against him. Those claims sparked threats and actual violence, such as the deadly U.S. Capitol riots on Jan. 6.

A Reuters investigation published on Friday found that election workers and their families continue to face threats and intimidation months after Trump's loss in November to Democrat Joe Biden. The intimidation has been particularly severe in Georgia, where Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger and other Republican election officials refuted Trump's stolen-election claims.

Election officials' fears for their safety portend major staffing problems in future votes, the Brennan Center said.

Large numbers of election officials have resigned in the past year, raising alarm bells. But the wave of departures could soon turn into a tsunami, said a report produced jointly by the Brennan Center and the Bipartisan Policy Center, a centrist Washington think tank.

The Brennan Center surveyed 233 local election officials across the country between April 1 and 7. The survey had a 6.4% margin of error, the center said.

Many election workers who were surveyed blamed social media for spreading falsehoods. About 54% of election officials said social media made their work more dangerous and 78% said it made it more difficult. Those findings reflect a dangerous rise in disinformation, the report from the two research organizations said.

Trump's false claims that voter fraud cost him the election spread quickly among supporters over social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter and other online forums.

"This disinformation has indelibly changed the lives and careers of election officials," the report said, calling on technology and media companies to help slow the spread of disinformation.

The two research centers urged the Department of Justice to create "an election threats task force" to work with federal, state, and local law enforcement to investigate threats against officials and poll workers. The report urged states to protect election employees' personal information and pay for security measures such as home intrusion detection systems.

U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland acknowledged the rising threat to election workers in a speech on Friday. Garland, a Biden appointee, said his Justice Department will aggressively protect voting rights at a time when many Republican-led states are tightening election laws.

"We have not been blind to the dramatic increase in menacing and violent threats against all manner of state and local election workers, ranging from the highest administrators to volunteer poll workers," he said. "Such threats undermine our electoral process and violate a myriad of federal laws."

U.S. elections are run by two kinds of workers - permanent staffers employed by officials such as secretaries of state, and large numbers of temporary workers brought in to manage polling places on election days. Those temporary workers are vital to the process - guiding voters, answering questions, verifying IDs - and they work long hours for low pay.

Even before November's contested election, counties and local governments struggled to fill these roles. The federal U.S. Election Assistance Commission found that in the 2016 presidential vote, 65% of jurisdictions nationwide reported that it was very difficult or somewhat difficult to recruit enough poll workers.

The Brennan Center report said that as of last year, almost 35% of local election officials were eligible to retire by the 2024 presidential election.

It is not clear who will replace them, nor whether those willing to take the job in the future will share the commitment to free and fair elections that was so critical in 2020, the report said.

Reporting by Jason Szep. Editing by Brian Thevenot

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

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One in three U.S. election officials feels unsafe - survey - Reuters