American ‘Boojahideen’: The Boogaloo Bois’ Blueprint for Extreme Libertarianism and Response to the Biden Administration – The Jamestown Foundation
The Boogaloo Bois is a recently formed decentralized armed movement comprised of loosely knit cells scattered throughout the United States. Boogaloo participants have also been involved in several attacks and plots, including the attempted kidnapping of Michigans governor, an attempt to sell weapons to Hamas, and a deadly attack on a federal security officer in northern California. The movement is centered on participants belief that the U.S. government has become excessively tyrannical. Participants, therefore, have concluded that a second civil war is unfortunate, but inevitable, in order to obtain true liberty. The movement refers to this idealized second civil war as the Boogaloo (Spotify [Buck Johsnon], July 2020). Occasionally, the word Boogaloo is exchanged for slang terms, however, such as the big luau, the Bungalow, or the Big Igloo.
Boogaloo, Internet Culture, and Black Lives Matter
Boogaloo cells contain a mix of civilians and former military personnel. These participants call themselves boojahideen, a linguistic spin-off of mujahideen (Liberty Actual, Boojahideen Shop). They have also been forced to utilize secondary online public forums like Reddit, Gab, and Parler because mainstream platforms like Facebook and Twitter have prohibited their content. (Reddit [RealRhettEBoogie]; Parler [Boojahideen Outfitters]). Despite this deplatforming, they are still able to circulate their ideology and connect with boojahideen in different regions of the United States.
This internet culture plays a key role in amplifying Boogaloos ideology. Many Boogaloo participants accordingly first connect with one another online (Sofrep.com, December 24, 2020). Similarly, a fundamental component of Boogaloo internet culture is utilizing memes, which became a method of propagandizing Boogaloo perspectives of civil war. One Boogaloo flag even has meme-based insurgency inscribed on it (Onlyfeds.com, January 2021). Boogaloo propaganda also enables a more violent ideology to become palatable and communicable to both existing boojahideen and the general public.
The Boogaloo movement is not, however, racialist. Instead, Boogaloo cells congregate around a libertarian political ideology that deviates from traditional right and left positions. Boogaloo cells across the United States have participated in and supported leftist-led Black Lives Matter rallies since the death of George Floyd (Youtube/Black Lives Matter757, August 10, 2020). Boogaloo participants believe Black Lives Matters is Disneyfied and its supporters consist of some Marxists and white Karens who are not supported by Boogaloo, but Boogaloo participants hope to win them to Boogaloo ideology and have Blacks and whites walk arm-in-arm against the feds (Spotify [Buck Johsnon], July 2020).
In some instances, Boogaloo cells have provided security for protesters during Black Lives Matter events. (Twitter.com/ryanteeter98, August 27, 2020) In addition, a Boogaloo participant, Ivan Hunter, was arrested for contributing to the burning down of a Minneapolis police precinct after George Floyds death and screaming Justice for George Floyd (startribune.com, October 24, 2020). Hunter was also affiliated with Steve Carillo, another Boogaloo participant who killed a California federal protective security officer after George Floyds death (justice.gov, October 23, 2020). However, Boogaloo is also a vociferous proponent of the typically right-leaning view that Americans are entitled to an entirely unrestrained second amendment right to bear arms, open carry, and form well-regulated militias.
FBI Prevention of Boogaloo Attacks
Boojahideen insist they are not radicals, seek a peaceful revolution, and kick out any white supremacists on the margins of society if they try to participate (Spotify [Buck Johsnon], July 2020). However, multiple Boogaloo participants are facing serious charges following both attempted and executed attacks on law enforcement and public officials. The FBI has played a crucial role in deterring these boojahideen plots often through the use of inside informants and undercover officers infiltration of Boogaloo cells.
In September 2020, boojahideen Benjamin Teeter Michael Solomon, who were in the communication with Ivan Hunter, were charged with attempting to provide material weapons support to Hamas (justice.gov, September 4, 2020). Believing Hamas was a mutual enemy of the United States, these two boojahideen considered themselves to be in alignment with Hamas. They, therefore, offered to manufacture unmarked firearms and firearm accessories for Hamas.
Unbeknownst to Teeter and Harrison, they were, in fact, attempting to deal arms to one of the FBIs undercover informants. Following an initial meeting with the informant, these boojahideen later delivered five firearm suppressors and a drop in auto sear firearm converter to the undercover FBI agent who they believed to be a senior Hamas official. At that time, they even offered to provide automatic weapons to Hamas and work as Hamas mercenaries in the future. Their actions, however, resulted in prompt charges from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) and FBI Joint Terrorism Task Force (justice.gov, September 4, 2020).
Multiple Boogaloo Bois are also facing charges in Michigan after plotting to kidnap the states Governor, Gretchen Whitmer, and lay siege to the state Capitol building (justice.gov, October 8, 2020; see Militant Leadership Monitor, January 5). While the militia responsible called itself Wolverine Watchmen, individuals within that militia referred to themselves as boojahideen. In addition, a leader of the Whitmer kidnapping plot, Joseph Morrison, used the online nickname Boogaloo Bunyan in digital forums (Michigan.gov, October 2020).
Morrison and other plot participants were interviewed by a local TV station prior to their arrest during a second amendment gun rights rally. In the interview, Morrison sported a trucker hat with the Boogaloo flag patch on the front. His co-conspirators also donned Hawaiian shirts, a fashion trademark of Boogaloo participants (Youtube/Target8News, October 9, 2020).
The kidnapping plot was launched in response to what the participants called government tyranny stemming from Whitmers COVID-19 lockdown orders. The cell had been developing detailed plans to kidnap Whitmer, try her for crimes, and lay siege to the Michigan state capitol building. Confidential FBI informants were able to leak plot information, meeting audios, and chat room conversations with the FBI Joint Terrorism Task Force (Michigan.gov, October 2020). This collaboration led to the arrest of everyone involved in the plot.
Boogaloo Responses to the Biden Administration
With the Joseph R. Biden-Kamala Harris administration transitioning into the White House, new dynamics will emerge between the Boogaloo movement and the U.S. government. Some Boogaloo cells have a history of seeking unity and offering aid to peaceful Black Lives Matter protesters (Youtube/Black Lives Matter757, August 10, 2020; Youtube/UnicornRiot, August 26, 2020). The Biden-Harris administrations criminal justice policy is expected to address Black Lives Matter protesters demands (joebiden.com/justice, January 2021). Thus, it is likely the Boogaloo movement will support these agenda items.
However, Boogaloo participants still have a rigid stance that U.S. citizens must maintain unimpeded constitutional second amendment rights, including the right to carry firearms in all capacities (Youtube/MatthewRodier, October 17, 2020). The Biden-Harris administration, however, aims to eliminate the sale and import of assault weapons and high-capacity magazines (joebiden.com/gunsafety, January 2021). It is highly likely the Boogaloo movement will push back against these changes.
In the past, boojahideen have voiced their discontent with firearm restrictions. On August 18, 2020 in Richmond, Virginia, for example, a large group of Boogaloo participants marched in full tactical gear while open-carrying weapons. During the event, Boogaloo participant Mike Dunn read an open letter that stated any gun legislation proposed and passed will be seen as a direct act of war against the free people of Virginia. This includes any firearms ban and magazine capacity limitations (Youtube/News2Share, August 18, 2020). It is highly likely that the Biden administrations gun control laws will be viewed as a direct act of war in the eyes of the Boogaloo movement.
While the rallies Boogaloo militias have attended in 2020 remained peaceful, it is impossible to ignore the multiple terrorism-related incidents in which its participants have planned and participated. The attempted kidnapping of Governor Whitmer, attempt to provide material support to Hamas, and attack on federal building personnel display the willingness of boojahideen to attack government officials to advance their political agenda. While it is likely Boogaloo cells will support Joe Bidens decision to reform policing operations, the Biden administrations restrictions on select firearms will likely trigger rebellious activity from boojahideen nationwide.
- Nick Offerman says 'Parks and Rec' character would 'listen to reason' and reconsider his libertarian beliefs - Fox News - September 11th, 2026 [September 11th, 2026]
- BC Greens, Libertarian Party announce Abbotsford-Mission byelection candidates - Abbotsford News - September 8th, 2026 [September 8th, 2026]
- 'Sweden Is Not a Libertarian Paradise': Socialist Swedes Want to Rebuild Their Bloated Welfare State - cbn.com - September 8th, 2026 [September 8th, 2026]
- Libertarian takes on Rep. Beyer, pledging to cut government waste, support civil liberties - ARLnow - September 4th, 2026 [September 4th, 2026]
- Libertarian candidate for governor picks Facebook fight about abortion, gets an education - Arkansas Times - September 4th, 2026 [September 4th, 2026]
- Federal judge keeps Libertarian off NJ-7 ballot, while saying the state wronged her - newjerseyglobe.com - September 4th, 2026 [September 4th, 2026]
- Libertarian Pat Dixon on the ballot for Texas Governor in midterm election - Herald-Zeitung - September 4th, 2026 [September 4th, 2026]
- Idaho Libertarian Party now has no limit on this type of campaign spending - Idaho Statesman - August 22nd, 2026 [August 22nd, 2026]
- Inside the libertarian city on a Caribbean island backed by Silicon Valley - ABC News & Headlines Australian Broadcasting Corporation - August 22nd, 2026 [August 22nd, 2026]
- Democracys Three Moral Languages: Conservative, Liberal, and Libertarian - providencemag.com - August 22nd, 2026 [August 22nd, 2026]
- Libertarian candidate for Pa. state House withdraws after petition challenge - TribLIVE.com - August 18th, 2026 [August 18th, 2026]
- Libertarian candidate for U.S. House Rick Stewart takes questions from the press at the Iowa State Fair on Aug. 15, 2026, in Des Moines. -... - August 18th, 2026 [August 18th, 2026]
- VIDEO: Paradise Inc.: The libertarian experiment on a Caribbean island backed by Silicon Valley - ABC News & Headlines Australian Broadcasting... - August 18th, 2026 [August 18th, 2026]
- Peter Thiel to Headline Libertarian Summit in Buenos Aires, Uniting Chile's Far Right and Mining Sector - elciudadano.com - August 16th, 2026 [August 16th, 2026]
- Colt following: Could Libertarian candidate Colt Shelby have the best shot against Gov. Sarah Sanders? - Arkansas Times - August 14th, 2026 [August 14th, 2026]
- Pedagogy of the Marginalized: A Libertarian Solution for Black Academic Achievement - Race, Racism and the Law - August 14th, 2026 [August 14th, 2026]
- Four candidates are in the running for Ohio's U.S. Senate seat this November. From left: incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Jon Husted, former... - August 14th, 2026 [August 14th, 2026]
- Libertarian Party of Iowa Selects Jake Heard and Chuck Aldrich to Fill Ballot Vacancies - River Cities' Reader - August 14th, 2026 [August 14th, 2026]
- Second Iowa Libertarian candidate withdraws from November election - KCCI - August 11th, 2026 [August 11th, 2026]
- After resisting pressure from Zach Nunn and RFK Jr. to drop his bid for Congress, Libertarian Marco Battaglia leaves anyway, citing medical emergency... - August 11th, 2026 [August 11th, 2026]
- July 27: Stephanie Dasbach named Libertarian Party of Indiana chair - Fort Wayne Business Weekly - August 1st, 2026 [August 1st, 2026]
- Iowa judge rules to keep one Libertarian off ballot, while another hangs on - Daily Nonpareil - August 1st, 2026 [August 1st, 2026]
- Iowa judge rules to keep one Libertarian off ballot, another hangs on - The Quad-City Times - August 1st, 2026 [August 1st, 2026]
- Iowa judge rules to keep one Libertarian off ballot, another hangs on - Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier - August 1st, 2026 [August 1st, 2026]
- Iowa judge rules to keep one Libertarian off ballot, another hangs on - Sioux City Journal - August 1st, 2026 [August 1st, 2026]
- Judge opts to keep Libertarian candidates off November ballot - WQAD - July 30th, 2026 [July 30th, 2026]
- Judge rules Libertarian candidates for Iowa Governor can't be on the ballot - KCAU 9 News - July 30th, 2026 [July 30th, 2026]
- Read the ruling: Judge keeps Libertarian gov., lt. gov. candidates off Iowa ballot - Dispatch Argus - July 30th, 2026 [July 30th, 2026]
- Libertarians Must Defend Tribal Sovereignty at Bears Ears - Libertarian Party - July 28th, 2026 [July 28th, 2026]
- Iowa judge to decide if Libertarian governor ticket will be on ballot - The Des Moines Register - July 28th, 2026 [July 28th, 2026]
- Libertarian Party of Wisconsin Calls for Immediate Action on Madison Police Body Cameras - Urban Milwaukee - July 28th, 2026 [July 28th, 2026]
- Charges Dropped Against Controversial Libertarian Leader - InDepthNH.org - July 11th, 2026 [July 11th, 2026]
- Libertarian Candidate Krawchuk Pub Crawl Stops In The Valley | - WKOK.com - July 11th, 2026 [July 11th, 2026]
- Voters have a Libertarian option in state Senate District 13 this November - WAJR - July 7th, 2026 [July 7th, 2026]
- Libertarian congressional candidate fights to get back on Iowa election ballot - KCRG - July 6th, 2026 [July 6th, 2026]
- Tracing Jeffersons Libertarian Thought in the Declaration of Independence - Mises Institute - July 6th, 2026 [July 6th, 2026]
- Audio: RFK Jr. urges Libertarian candidate to drop out of race to help GOP keep House | CNN Politics - CNN - July 1st, 2026 [July 1st, 2026]
- OPINION | JOHN BRUMMETT: In Arkansas governor debate, Libertarian wins the round - The Arkansas Democrat-Gazette - July 1st, 2026 [July 1st, 2026]
- Duval GOP tries to oust Libertarian from ballot; key hearings coming this week - JaxToday - July 1st, 2026 [July 1st, 2026]
- RFK Jr. urges another Iowa Libertarian to leave House race, recording shows - thegazette.com - July 1st, 2026 [July 1st, 2026]
- Iowa Libertarian candidates sue to get back on the ballot - KCRG - July 1st, 2026 [July 1st, 2026]
- RFK Jr. recorded trying to entice Iowa Libertarian to quit House race: 'I cant go into specifics because theres legal prohibitions' - Little Village... - July 1st, 2026 [July 1st, 2026]
- The Libertarian Position on the War and Imperialism of the U.S. State - Mises Institute - July 1st, 2026 [July 1st, 2026]
- In case you missedit: RFK Jr. urges another Iowa Libertarian to leave House race, recording shows - Globe Gazette - July 1st, 2026 [July 1st, 2026]
- I understand the needs of everyday people: Libertarian candidate for Indiana Secretary of State Lauri Shillings talks election bid - Fox 59 - June 19th, 2026 [June 19th, 2026]
- Libertarian Leanings: If the US government won't respect freedom of speech, AI firms should move - Havasu News - June 19th, 2026 [June 19th, 2026]
- Zach Nunn wanted a Libertarian off the ballot. Heres what his campaign did about it - Iowa Starting Line - June 19th, 2026 [June 19th, 2026]
- State Objections Panel takes two Libertarian candidates off November ballot - Community Newspaper Group - June 19th, 2026 [June 19th, 2026]
- Libertarian Party Condemns GOP Intimidation Campaign Against Ballot-Qualified Iowa Candidates - lp.org - June 16th, 2026 [June 16th, 2026]
- The current libertarian administration has deepened this tradition - The Week - June 16th, 2026 [June 16th, 2026]
- The Libertarian Party Is Trying to De-MAGAfy Itself - The Bulwark - June 16th, 2026 [June 16th, 2026]
- Peter Thiel moves his family to Buenos Aires as Argentina bets big on libertarian tech money - Startup Fortune - May 31st, 2026 [May 31st, 2026]
- The Libertarian Party has cut its ties with the N.H. affiliate over the groups Trump endorsement. Now what? - The Boston Globe - May 29th, 2026 [May 29th, 2026]
- The Libertarian Party's New Leader Has No Interest in Playing Kingmaker - Reason Magazine - May 29th, 2026 [May 29th, 2026]
- 'It's been long enough': Longtime Libertarian influences Dan and Carol McGuire will retire from State House this year - Concord Monitor - May 27th, 2026 [May 27th, 2026]
- Libertarian National Convention held in Grand Rapids - WOODTV.com - May 27th, 2026 [May 27th, 2026]
- The Libertarian Party has announced Dan Clarke as their Makerfield by-election candidate - Wigan Today - May 27th, 2026 [May 27th, 2026]
- Austin in line for $30M of libertarian development devoted to Ayn Rand - The Real Deal - May 25th, 2026 [May 25th, 2026]
- Antisemitism transformed Thomas Massie from libertarian extremist to liberal hero - JNS.org - May 20th, 2026 [May 20th, 2026]
- The Library is One of the Best Libertarian Arguments for Limited Government - Washington Monthly - May 16th, 2026 [May 16th, 2026]
- Incumbent Democrat and a Libertarian have entered the race for Douglas County Commission District 5 seat - Lawrence Journal-World - May 5th, 2026 [May 5th, 2026]
- Libertarian Leanings: OK, gun control had its chance -- here are the results - Havasu News - May 5th, 2026 [May 5th, 2026]
- Libertarian Party of Wisconsin Condemns Lifting Boundary Waters Mining Ban - Urban Milwaukee - May 1st, 2026 [May 1st, 2026]
- From libertarian visionary to architect of state power: Whats the deal with Peter Thiel - Ivo Vegter - BizNews - May 1st, 2026 [May 1st, 2026]
- Green Cards for Cubans Plunge 99.8% as ICE Arrests From the Island Surge, Libertarian Cato Group Finds - Latin Times - May 1st, 2026 [May 1st, 2026]
- My Libertarian Plan for Resolving the U.S. War on Iran - The Future of Freedom Foundation - April 27th, 2026 [April 27th, 2026]
- Musk and Silicon Valley Arent Libertarian. They Want to Fuse With the State. - Truthout - April 27th, 2026 [April 27th, 2026]
- Libertarian Party candidate hopes for election success - Runcorn and Widnes World - April 23rd, 2026 [April 23rd, 2026]
- Colorado Wages War on First Amendment Under Libertarian Governor Polis - AMAC - The Association of Mature American Citizens - April 23rd, 2026 [April 23rd, 2026]
- Meet Your Neighbor: Ali Sledz says having a Libertarian candidate matters, even if she doesnt win - Midland Daily News - April 17th, 2026 [April 17th, 2026]
- Mises, Rothbard, and Libertarian Just War Theory in the 2026 Iran War - Blog de Daniel Lacalle - April 17th, 2026 [April 17th, 2026]
- CBD: Mark Latham flirts with John Ruddick and the Libertarian Party - SMH.com.au - April 17th, 2026 [April 17th, 2026]
- CBD: Mark Latham flirts with John Ruddick and the Libertarian Party - Brisbane Times - April 17th, 2026 [April 17th, 2026]
- The libertarian case for Trumps Iran war: Persians have natural rights, too - Washington Examiner - April 14th, 2026 [April 14th, 2026]
- The libertarian case for Trumps Iran war: Answering the critics - Washington Examiner - April 14th, 2026 [April 14th, 2026]
- Libertarian Party to Host 2028 Convention in El Paso - National Today - April 10th, 2026 [April 10th, 2026]
- Out of Order Sign on Urinal No Match for Free-Thinking Libertarian - The Hard Times - April 8th, 2026 [April 8th, 2026]
- Libertarian Leanings: OK, fine, give TSA agents back pay ... but then send them home for good - Havasu News - April 5th, 2026 [April 5th, 2026]
- Libertarian Party of Wisconsin to Host April 4 Town Hall Focused on Local Elections and Party Engagement - Urban Milwaukee - April 3rd, 2026 [April 3rd, 2026]
- Tonya Hudson wins Libertarian Party of Indiana's nomination for U.S.House of Representatives in Indiana's 9th District - WBIW - March 24th, 2026 [March 24th, 2026]