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I first passed through Mosul in October 2008 in a mounted combat patrol as the leader of a U.S. military training team, my third of four combat deployments. I just returned from my third trip as a reporter to the Mosul environs to witness the carnage and human suffering left behind by the Islamic State. If theres one thing my combat experience and journalistic investigations in the region have confirmed, its that a continued reliance on the military instrument to solve Iraqs substantial political problems will almost certainly see the conflict continue.

During this visit, I was able to interview many in relief camps filled with Sunni Muslims, Shia Muslims, Christians and other religious and ethnic people who had been driven from Mosul by the Islamic State. I also traveled to Bashiqa, just outside of Mosul, to see the results of the initial battles to retake the city that began last fall. The unmistakable conclusion of all sourcesunified in their outlook, regardless of religious or ethnic backgroundis that it is a virtual certainty the fighting will continue.

Senior U.S. officials have admitted as much, as Lt. Gen. Stephen Townsend, commander of U.S. forces in Iraq, sought to dampen expectations Americans may have about the defeat of the Islamic State in Mosul. Make no mistake, he cautioned, this victory alone does not eliminate ISIS and there is still a tough fight ahead.

The implication of this and the statements of other officials is that the American military must remain in the region to continue the fight. If the administrations objective is the security of U.S. vital national interests, then the United States must resist the temptation to believe that the application of yet more American military power will resolve an Iraqi political situation that is not, at its core, an American security interest. As should be painfully clear by now, Iraq will not fit Americas priority criteria.

The schism between Sunnis and Shias that has been at the heart of Iraqi violence since 2003 has not been diminished by the defeat of the Islamic State. It was temporarily suppressed while dealing with the common threat that the Islamic State represented to all Iraqi citizens, but now the terrorist group has been driven from Mosul, that friction will likely resurface. Sunni angst was on display in the Baharka relief camp I visited on July 18.

Nabil Ghazi, an eighteen-year-old Sunni Muslim who looked closer to thirty, gave vent to his frustration at the government. On July 9, Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi had publicly declared Mosul liberated and held a military parade in Baghdad one week later to celebrate. Ghazi, however, was not in a celebratory mood and had questions for the Prime Minister.

Why doesnt he come here and see us? Who are we, are we too poor? Is that why he doesnt come here? In response to Abadis call for displaced residents to return home, Ghazi angrily asked, How can I go back when I have no clothes but the shirt on my back, no money, and my home is completely destroyed? Where should we go? Let him come here and bring us a solution!

Another Sunni Muslim, Hend Jasim, a local journalist from Mosul up to the time that the Islamic State came to power, said with animation that without major changes in how postISIS Mosul is governed, there is little hope for stability. We have to eliminate any religious political parties from participating in the government, she explained. Gen. Bahram Arif Yassin, commanding the Peshmerga forces that cleared many of the towns on the western approaches to Mosul, said he agreed with Jasim, but offered a pessimistic outlook for that probability.

Certainly thats a good idea, he said from his headquarters in Bashiqa, but where will these parties come from? There is no talent pool from which to draw. Almost all the political parties are religious-based. The Trump administration must resist the temptation to believe that now, after the Islamic State has been driven from Mosul, U.S. combat power can bring about an enduring stability.

In 2004, owing to anger at how the newly installed Shia government was running affairs in Mosul, Sunni rebels rose up and attacked parts of the city, but instead of confronting the fighters, there were reports of policemen changing into civilian clothes and joining the insurgents. In 2008, the Washington Post reported that A year after its police force melted away and the streets descended into anarchy . . . (Mosul), a key battleground in the Iraq war, still teeters on the edge of chaos.

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America's Military Power Can't Save Iraq - The National Interest Online