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WASHINGTON: The United States and European Union plan to stop billions of dollars in oil exploration in Russia by the world's largest energy companies including Exxon Mobil Corp and BP Plc, US government sources said.

The planned sanctions over Russia's aggression toward Ukraine would ban US and European companies from cooperating with Russia on searching its Arctic territory, deep seas or shale formations for crude, said two US officials who spoke on condition of anonymity because the measures have not been made public.

The measures, which one of the sources said represented "preliminary thinking," would expand sanctions the Obama administration announced in July and ban US and EU cooperation on all energy services and technology in the unconventional oil fields. The previous sanctions only banned some technology at those locations.

Russia, along with the United States and Saudi Arabia, is one of the world's top oil producers and is the main energy supplier to Europe. But its conventional oil fields are in decline, so it must move to frontier sources in Siberia and the Arctic to keep the oil flowing.

Exxon signed a $3.2 billion agreement in 2011 with Russian company Rosneft Oil Co to develop the Arctic. The Texas-based multinational was considered one of the few companies capable of drilling in the harsh, deep waters there.

The new sanctions, if applied, would be harmful to Russia's future prospects because they would target fields five or 10 years from producing oil. But application of the sanctions could be prevented if Russia sticks to a cease fire, and depends on several factors including actions by the EU.

The planned sanctions were first reported by Bloomberg.

European Union officials have delayed a decision on whether to implement measures against Russia. They will meet for further talks on Thursday.

Once the EU implements the new ban on sharing energy technology and services, the United States would follow suit with similar measures, including barring the export of US gear and expertise for the specialized exploration that Russians are unequipped to pursue on their own.

Last week, a US envoy in Brussels told Reuters that Washington is considering limiting high-tech exports to Russia's Arctic energy industry as part of plans to strengthen sanctions.

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US, European Union ready new sanctions to stop oil exploration in Russia