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New York Supreme Court Justice Juan Merchan, who presided over the hush money trial of former president Donald Trump that returned 34 felony convictions, ought never to have accepted the case. And Merchan surely should have stepped away once Trumps lawyers moved that he disqualify himself.

Yes, in response to that request, an appeals court ruled last month that Trump has not established that he has a clear right to recusal. But I expect that such clarity will emerge in the appeal of Trumps conviction, which will be filed soon after his sentencing next month.

Many legal analysts who have assessed the case, finding it a disturbing aberration in how criminal law ought to be used and criminal trials conducted, have nominated their favorite most compelling argument for Trumps success on appeal. Mine goes to Merchans astonishing decision to preside in the first place.

Begin in July 2023, when New York states Commission on Judicial Conduct reprimanded Merchan, sending him a caution because the judge had made contributions to President Bidens reelection campaign and to two anti-Republican and anti-Trump political action committees: Progressive Turnout Project and Stop Republicans. New York absolutely prohibits its judges from making such political contributions (see below), and while the rebuke delivered to Merchan was not made public Reuters broke the story last month it will be much discussed in the months between now and the election.

Merchan donated $15 to the Biden campaign and $10 to each of the two committees. Why would anyone make such symbolic statements, having taken an oath to be a judge and abide by the judicial code of ethics? We cannot know, but it is plausible that Merchan needed to plant three flags to signal to Team Biden he would make a fine federal judge. Or perhaps he just loves Biden. Or perhaps Juan Merchan just detests Trump. We dont know because the judge was never obliged to answer such questions.

A caution does not include any penalty, but it can be considered in any future cases reviewed by the states Commission on Judicial Conduct, the New York Times reported in May. A letter outlining the caution was not released because of the commissions rules, and Justice Merchan did not make the letter available.

Reuters added, Under [the New York] commission rules, a caution may be taken into consideration in the event of any future misconduct.

Last year, New Yorks Advisory Committee on Judicial Ethics ruled that Merchan would not have to recuse himself after the Trump legal team raised not only the judges contributions to Democratic organizations but also his daughters work for Democrats and Merchans alleged suggestion to a former Trump Organization executive last year that he cooperate against Trump in the companys tax fraud case.

But the judicial ethics advisory committees advice is not binding. Merchan was free to remove himself and should have. If Merchans outright support for forces aligned against a defendant in his courtroom wasnt disqualifying, then lets hear no more of the (ludicrous) calls for Supreme Court Justice Samuel A. Alito Jr.s recusal from Jan. 6-related cases because some people disapprove of his wifes choice of flags to display.

In a recent episode of the podcast The McCarthy Report, former federal prosecutor Andrew C. McCarthy and National Review editor Rich Lowry detailed 10 grounds on which the Trump legal team could demand that the verdicts against Trump be tossed out. An appeal that stays the sentencing (which is set for July 11) requires a colorable claim of error, and McCarthy opined that the Merchans conduct amounted to a coloring book of such claims.

Just for starters, appeals courts must reassess the significance of Merchans $35 in political donations. The advisory committees opinion is not dispositive on the issue of recusal nor is the first appeals courts decision. Those refusals to recuse will have to be studied in light of Merchans many rulings against Trump in the course of the trial.

Is there any doubt, outside feverish anti-Trump circles, that Merchan was compromised by his donations? He got a slap on the wrist from the judicial conduct commission, perhaps because the offense was Merchans first and the amount of the donations was so small. The judges lack of awareness regarding the appearance of impropriety arising from his contributions, or simple indifference to it, was abetted by the advisory committee, but the commission clearly rebuked the judge last summer for the contributions. Merchans decision not to recuse is mystifying.

Consider these particulars from New Yorks rules governing judicial conduct:

Section 100.2 provides A judge shall avoid impropriety and the appearance of impropriety in all of the judges activities.

Section 100.4(A) provides A judge shall conduct all of the judges extra-judicial activities so that they do not: (1) cast reasonable doubt on the judges capacity to act impartially as a judge

Section 100.5(A)(1) provides Neither a sitting judge nor a candidate for public election to judicial office shall directly or indirectly engage in any political activity except (i) as otherwise authorized by this section or by law, (ii) to vote and to identify himself or herself as a member of a political party

Section 100.5(A)(1)(h) spells it out: A New York judge may not make a contribution to a political organization or candidate.

Merchan is a partisan, and a robe doesnt disguise the team jersey with the great big D he is wearing underneath it.

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Opinion | Why Trump will win on appeal: Judge Merchan should have recused - The Washington Post - The Washington Post