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As they awoke Wednesday, Democrats found many ways to soften the sting of the shellacking they took Tuesday night. The Senate map was bad. The party in the White House always suffers in midterm elections. Demography is still on their side in presidential elections.

However true, those efforts to find silver linings after a storm of repudiation ignore larger questions for the party: As they look toward 2016, just who are the Democrats and what do they stand for? Are they a party that narrowcasts messages to select constituencies think war on women and speaks largely in the language of fear? Or are they a party whose leaders can articulate a big, fresh and positive message?

Much has been made about the absence of a Republican governing agenda in this years campaigns. Democrats combing through results from Tuesday and from exit poll crosstabs can point to the fact that on some issues, the public clearly does favor them. But the small-bore issues on which Democrats tried to wage the campaign proved insufficient to the task of winning.

Raising the minimum wage is an example. The idea is hugely popular, but it did nothing to save Democratic candidates in what were supposedly contested races. Voters in Arkansas approved an increase in the minimum wage and at the same time tossed out Democratic Sen. Mark Pryor by a margin of 17 points.

Democrats will write off the Pryor loss as another example of the Republicans tightening their grip on the South voters in Arkansas also traded a retiring Democratic governor for a new Republican governor but no Democrat would have told you two days ago that Pryor would lose by the margin he did. Backing the minimum wage didnt help elsewhere, either.

The GOP gained control of the Senate Tuesday night, taking hold of the legislative agenda in that chamber. Here are three of the policies Republicans are likely to tackle as they take the reins in January 2015. (Julie Percha/The Washington Post)

If Democrats had a bigger, more appealing economic message, it was as hidden this fall as the GOPs governing agenda. The party is split between its centrist-business wing the wing long dominated by the Clintons and its populist wing, now symbolized by Sen. Elizabeth Warren (Mass.).

One part of the party wants to attack Wall Street and tax the rich; the other is wary of that approach but nervous enough about the political impact of wage stagnation and income inequality and the restlessness on the left not to have formulated a clear alternative, if it truly believes there is one.

Hillary Rodham Clinton, already the presumed Democratic presidential nominee without having declared her candidacy, got so bollixed up over this that she misfired at a campaign stop in the closing days by declaring that businesses do not create jobs. She later blamed her mistake on trying to shorthand her message.

Democrats looking toward 2016 have reasons to think optimistically. They are more in tune with the rising electorate young people, minorities, unmarried women than Republicans. On social issues such as same-sex marriage or legalization of marijuana, their coalition already or soon will represent the majority position in the country. They are on the side of public opinion on climate change and immigration reform.

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Hard questions for Democrats as they look to 2016