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Mr. Menendez stands accused of using his position to advance the interests of Dr. Salomon Melgen, a friend and political patron, in exchange for luxury vacations and hundreds of thousands of dollars of campaign support.

Mr. Menendez has repeatedly declared his innocence This is not how my career will end, he said when the indictment was handed down and vowed to win acquittal and then re-election in 2018. He raised more than $2 million for his campaign in the first six months of 2017.

Even a bribery conviction would not automatically force Mr. Menendez from office, under the Senate rules. He would either have to voluntarily resign his seat, or two-thirds of his Senate colleagues including at least 15 Democrats would have to vote to expel him.

Democrats largely have met Mr. Menendezs coming trial with silence, happy to let the daily torrent of Trump administration news overshadow it, refusing to speculate about the senators future even as some, most notably Mr. Torricelli, have begun to position themselves should Mr. Menendez step aside or be convicted.

But as the trial nears, Mr. Menendezs uncertain fate has been the subject of growing consternation and conjecture, from the courthouse in Newark to the corridors of the United States Capitol, especially after Dr. Melgen, an ophthalmologist, was convicted this spring in a separate case of defrauding Medicare of nearly $100 million.

The jury found Dr. Melgen, 63, guilty of all 67 counts. He faces spending much of the rest of his life in prison, which could add pressure to cooperate with prosecutors, although there is no evidence that has happened. Dr. Melgen and Mr. Menendez are co-defendants, and a person familiar with Dr. Melgens legal strategy said there were no circumstances under which he would testify against the senator.

Patricia Enright, a spokeswoman for Mr. Menendez, said it would not matter even if he did: There is nothing that Dr. Melgen could provide the government that would help them or bolster their case.

There is also no evidence any plea discussions have occurred for Mr. Menendez. There has never been a conversation between the Justice Department and Senator Menendez and his team about anything other than a trial, said a person familiar with Mr. Menendezs legal strategy.

Jury selection will begin on Tuesday, nearly two and half years after he was indicted, with opening statements slated for Sept. 6. The trial is expected to last one to two months.

Under New Jersey law, if Mr. Menendez does exit the Senate before his term is complete, the governor would appoint a temporary replacement who would serve until the 2018 election. For now, that would give the appointment to Mr. Christie, who could appoint anyone even himself.

Mr. Christie, a former federal prosecutor, has refused to address the topic.

Im not going to answer questions about a vacancy in the United States Senate, which presumes the finding of guilt by a jury, before anyone has even heard one stitch of evidence, he said earlier this summer. Its not appropriate. I wont engage in it.

Adding to the intrigue: Mr. Christies term ends in January, and a Democrat, Philip D. Murphy, is the heavy favorite to succeed him. Some Democrats are already discussing running out the clock to block a G.O.P. appointment.

I dont think Menendez has to run out and resign if hes convicted, said Brad Woodhouse, a political strategist and former spokesman for the Democratic National Committee, calling that a knee-jerk reaction.

The campaign arm of the Senate Democrats declined any comment on Mr. Menendez, his coming trial or what would happen should he be convicted.

Republicans, however, said they were readying to attack if Senate Democrats execute such a delay. Were going to make it hurt as much as we can if these guys waver on expelling him, if convicted, said Bob Salera, a spokesman for the National Republican Senatorial Committee.

One significant development in Mr. Menendezs favor is the Supreme Court decision last year to throw out a corruption conviction against the former Virginia governor Bob McDonnell. The ruling narrowed the grounds on which prosecutors can convict politicians of selling favors.

Abbe Lowell, Mr. Menendezs lawyer, said in July that the McDonnell decision fundamentally changed the legal landscape since the senators original indictment, but the judge has rejected attempts to stop or delay the trial. Mr. Lowell is one of the nations most prominent trial lawyers; among his other clients is Jared Kushner, the senior White House adviser and the presidents son-in-law.

Some Democrats said they were on edge about Mr. Menendez, worrying about everything from the delayed sentencing of Dr. Melgen until after Mr. Menendezs trial to the pace of fund-raising for the senators legal defense.

Mr. Menendez raised a little more than $10,000 in the first six months of the year, compared with more than $2.6 million in 2015 and more than $1 million in 2016.

Michael Soliman, a political adviser to Mr. Menendez, said the senator focused on raising money for his re-election instead because he had raised enough in his legal defense fund to cover his legal bills. Re-election cash must be raised in smaller increments, he said, You cant do it overnight.

Mr. Soliman said Mr. Menendez plans to run for re-election regardless of what comes out at trial.

Prosecutors have alleged the senator pushed a port security deal on Dr. Melgens behalf, to change a Medicare policy that would have benefited him and that he helped get visas for Dr. Melgens college-aged girlfriends, who were models in Brazil, Ukraine and the Dominican Republic.

If youre going to go up against him, Mr. Soliman said, get ready for the toughest political campaign of your life.

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At Senator Menendez's Trial, Stakes Are High for Democrats - New York Times