How dark money is drowning British democracy – Open Democracy
Organisations which fund political parties are meant to declare all major donations they receive. Yet only one ever has.
Who is funding Theresa May's campaign? Image: Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
Obscure organisations have been pouring millions of pounds into the Conservative party without revealing the source of their funds, new research from openDemocracy reveals today.
Since July 2009, the Conservative party has received nearly 12 million from a little-known type of organisation called unincorporated associations.
July 2009 is relevant, because that is when a new law kicked in, regulating these sorts of donations. But new research by openDemocracy has led to serious questions about whether that law is really doing anything to prevent a flood of secret donations.
'Unincorporated associations' are defined as organisations which have a constitution and at least two members, but arent registered in any other way for example as a company or a trade union. They might be a social club or a sports club or a campaign group.
Its not just the Tories who receive money from them. Over the same period, the Labour party got over 9 million from unincorporated associations; the Liberal Democrats, over 5 million; UKIP, 80,000 and the Green Party and the SNP, nothing.
In itself, there is absolutely nothing wrong with these sorts of donations. For example, when the Gillingham and Rainham Constituency Labour Party decided to give 1,500 to the central party this year, this was counted as a donation from an unincorporated association to Labour.
But they are also open to abuse. After all, if you wanted to funnel money anonymously into a party, circumventing transparency laws, why not do it through one of these groups? And so, in 2009 Political Parties and Elections Act laid down some rules. It was designed to ensure that these sorts of organisations werent used as fronts for donations to be hidden from public scrutiny.
If you wanted to funnel money anonymously into a party, circumventing transparency laws, why not do it through one of these groups?
As the Electoral Commission website puts it:
Unincorporated Associations that donate more than 25,000 in a calendar year are required to register with us and report gifts in excess of 7,500."
The register of Unincorporated Associations is here(.xls). It includes 62 different organisations, though it isnt complete: today, openDemocracy has revealed today that the Scottish Conservatives appear to have accepted a donation of 100,000 from an unregistered group not listed here. It isnt clear how many more groups have also donated more than 25,000 without registering.
But we can also reveal today that, since the Act in 2009, only one registered unincorporated association has ever admitted to receiving a donation of more than 7,500. The spreadsheet of registered donations on the Electoral Commission website only records six donations, made over 2013 and 2014, by two donors, all to the same Association, the Conservative donors the Trevelyan Campaign Fund.
The complete register of gifts to Unincorporated Associations, 2009-2017.
This means that every other unincorporated association donating more than 25,000 claims it hasnt received any donation of more than 7,500 over the course of 12 months from any individual since 2009. Either that, or its failed to comply with this key transparency law. So extraordinarily it seems that, with one small exception, all of the 12 million which has gone to the Conservative party through these organisations came in the form of small donations.
While it is of course possible that it is true and we certainly arent accusing any specific organisation of breaching this law it does raise serious questions about the extent to which the system is open to abuse. The 2009 Elections Act was passed to ensure that unincorporated associations couldnt funnel dark money into our election system. But in reality, there are still millions of pounds flooding our democracy through these organisations. We have no idea where it is coming from. We have no idea what they are demanding of our politicians. And we have no idea what they are getting from them.
See the original post:
How dark money is drowning British democracy - Open Democracy
- Why the Pittsburgh Post-Gazettes closure exposes a growing threat to democracy - The Conversation - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- Journey to American Democracy: The Battle of the Bulge - Letters from an American | Heather Cox Richardson - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- Daily Herald opinion: Democracy in action: Training teens as election judges and encouraging them to vote is a vital mission - Daily Herald - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- AI and Democracy: Mapping the Intersections - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- Beyond the Fog of War: Venezuelas Democracy is at Stake - Fair Observer - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- ICEs Deadly Force is a Threat to Our Democracy - American Constitution Society - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- Opinion | The dark day democracy almost died - The Cap Times - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- Trusting News organization to receive 2026 Brown Democracy Medal - Penn State University - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- This Is Our Hemisphere: Report from Colombia on Trumps Escalating Threats to the Region - Democracy Now! - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- S&Ds stand in solidarity with Iranians demanding freedom and democracy - Socialists and Democrats - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- After Trumps attack, we Venezuelans need to know what comes next authoritarianism or democracy | Jess Piero - The Guardian - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- 4 pivotal elections around the world that will pose a test to democracy in 2026 - The Conversation - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- Appointed board for Indy schools threatens democracy | Opinion - IndyStar - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- PAs Abbas declares 2026 will be the year of Palestinian democracy - The Times of Israel - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- Trump, Venezuela, and the threat to the 2026 elections - Democracy Docket - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- How new USPS rules put the right to vote at risk - Democracy Docket - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- Senator Kim Demands We Find the Courage to Heal Our Country, Warns that Our Democracy is More Fragile than during the January 6 Insurrection Five... - January 9th, 2026 [January 9th, 2026]
- How AI and misinformation are posing a threat to democracy in Yorkshire - BBC - January 8th, 2026 [January 8th, 2026]
- Democracy didnt break overnight2026 will reveal if Memphis lets it die - Tennessee Lookout - January 8th, 2026 [January 8th, 2026]
- Opinion | If Trump Doesnt Bring Democracy Into Venezuela, Hell Never Get Much Oil Out of It - The New York Times - January 8th, 2026 [January 8th, 2026]
- Commentary: Five long years since the assault on American Democracy The insurrection led by an incumbent President, and the wounding of our democracy... - January 8th, 2026 [January 8th, 2026]
- RELEASE: Statement on the Anniversary of the January 6th Attack on the US Capitol from the Inclusive Democracy Caucus Co-Chairs - MN House of... - January 8th, 2026 [January 8th, 2026]
- Less than 1% of Epstein files have been released, DOJ admits - Democracy Docket - January 8th, 2026 [January 8th, 2026]
- Trump chose not to restore democracy in Venezuela, with the opposition's Nobel winner in hiding and much of the opposition in prison - Fortune - January 8th, 2026 [January 8th, 2026]
- Fair voting maps arent favors, theyre the foundation of democracy: op-ed - AL.com - January 8th, 2026 [January 8th, 2026]
- Democracy Begins with You: Preparing for the 2026 Elections - Miami's Community News - January 8th, 2026 [January 8th, 2026]
- The Trump administration is building a national voter roll, former DOJ lawyers warn - Democracy Docket - January 8th, 2026 [January 8th, 2026]
- Local Venezuelans wrestle with what US taking Maduro means for democracy and socialism - GBH - January 8th, 2026 [January 8th, 2026]
- GOP senators threaten to impeach judges who rule against Trump - Democracy Docket - January 8th, 2026 [January 8th, 2026]
- In Miami-Dade, Republicans say democracy is coming to Venezuela but not immediately - News From The States - January 8th, 2026 [January 8th, 2026]
- Five years on from January 6th, Congress must protect against President Trumps attacks on democracy - Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in... - January 8th, 2026 [January 8th, 2026]
- Donald Trump's greed is a threat to American democracy - Wisconsin State Journal - January 8th, 2026 [January 8th, 2026]
- Peace and prosperity in Venezuela will come from democracy, not oil, writes Ricardo Hausmann - The Economist - January 6th, 2026 [January 6th, 2026]
- January 6th Five Years On: Our Democracy Crisis Persists - Insider NJ - January 6th, 2026 [January 6th, 2026]
- Local democracy is strong, but rural Michigan communities are falling behind, new survey shows - Michigan Advance - January 6th, 2026 [January 6th, 2026]
- The military is the last safeguard of democracy. Is Donald Trump bending it to his will? - The Conversation - January 6th, 2026 [January 6th, 2026]
- What Must Be Done To Bring Back Venezuelas Democracy And Economy - Forbes - January 6th, 2026 [January 6th, 2026]
- Opinion | Dismantling Chavismo will be hard. But only democracy can succeed. - The Washington Post - January 6th, 2026 [January 6th, 2026]
- Venezuela, Democracy and Oil - The New York Times - January 6th, 2026 [January 6th, 2026]
- Mapped: Democracy Around the World in 2025 - Visual Capitalist - January 6th, 2026 [January 6th, 2026]
- Trumps Betrayal of Venezuelas Democracy Movement Is Hard to Overstate - theunpopulist.net - January 6th, 2026 [January 6th, 2026]
- Sheinbaum: Intervention does not bring democracy to the people - Mexico News Daily - January 6th, 2026 [January 6th, 2026]
- EDITORIAL | January 6: Democracy held firm against insurrection born of lies - Texarkana Gazette - January 6th, 2026 [January 6th, 2026]
- Former Venezuelan ambassador living in Oregon calls Maduro arrest a long-awaited step toward democracy - KGW - January 6th, 2026 [January 6th, 2026]
- Letter: We must reassert our responsibility to protect our democracy - Bangor Daily News - January 6th, 2026 [January 6th, 2026]
- Restoring democracy in Venezuela must respect its people's will, EU countries say - Reuters - January 6th, 2026 [January 6th, 2026]
- Local democracy is strong, but rural Michigan communities are falling behind, new survey shows - Iosco County News Herald - January 6th, 2026 [January 6th, 2026]
- Common Sense Media Founder Jim Steyer Launches Which Side of History, Featuring Conversations on Tech, Education, and the Future of Democracy -... - January 6th, 2026 [January 6th, 2026]
- Ahead of 5th Anniversary of January 6 Attack on the U.S. Capitol, Judiciary Democrats Release New Reports Focused on the Careers of the Coup Plotters,... - January 6th, 2026 [January 6th, 2026]
- Democracy Divided: Stories of the Capitol Riot - WUSA9 - January 6th, 2026 [January 6th, 2026]
- Europe isnt weak but rearmament without democracy is - EUobserver - January 6th, 2026 [January 6th, 2026]
- Trump threatens the last safeguard to democracy - alternet.org - January 6th, 2026 [January 6th, 2026]
- EU says restoring democracy in Venezuela must reflect peoples will | Daily Sabah - Daily Sabah - January 6th, 2026 [January 6th, 2026]
- Empire of AI: Karen Hao on How AI Is Threatening Democracy & Creating a New Colonial World - Democracy Now! - January 2nd, 2026 [January 2nd, 2026]
- Democrats return to democracy messaging in NJ special election - Politico - January 2nd, 2026 [January 2nd, 2026]
- DEI, Democracy Embraced At Inauguration - New Haven Independent - January 2nd, 2026 [January 2nd, 2026]
- 2026: The year democracy is put to the test - EL PAS English - January 2nd, 2026 [January 2nd, 2026]
- CALDARA: Counting the threats to democracy right here in Colorado - Sentinel Colorado - January 2nd, 2026 [January 2nd, 2026]
- Trump Pulls National Guard from Los Angeles, Ends Attempted Deployments in Portland and Chicago - Democracy Docket - January 2nd, 2026 [January 2nd, 2026]
- 2025 in Review: Working to build a democracy for all in North Carolina - Common Cause - January 2nd, 2026 [January 2nd, 2026]
- The Rage Machine and the Fragile Architecture of Democracy: The Danger of Talking Without Thinking - Modern Ghana - January 2nd, 2026 [January 2nd, 2026]
- 2026 needs to be the year of the revival of democracy and the constitution: Chairman Oli - The Rising Nepal - January 2nd, 2026 [January 2nd, 2026]
- Is democracy the worst, as Winston Churchill once said? Five experts weigh in - Scroll.in - January 2nd, 2026 [January 2nd, 2026]
- Trump Admin Announced Its Freezing Child Care Payments to Minnesota - Democracy Now! - January 2nd, 2026 [January 2nd, 2026]
- Two Oil Tankers Reportedly Arrive in Venezuela Despite the Trump Administrations Blockade - Democracy Now! - January 2nd, 2026 [January 2nd, 2026]
- Its an election year in Israel. Heres what young pro-democracy activists want to change - The Canadian Jewish News - January 2nd, 2026 [January 2nd, 2026]
- Letter from the Editor: Democracy is a participation sport. Resolve to stay in the game in 2026 - MLive.com - January 2nd, 2026 [January 2nd, 2026]
- Israel Bans More Than Two Dozen Aid Agencies from Operating in Gaza - Democracy Now! - January 2nd, 2026 [January 2nd, 2026]
- Democracy and the Limits of Freedom of Expression: - Modern Ghana - January 2nd, 2026 [January 2nd, 2026]
- Russia Launches Overnight Drone Attack in the Ukrainian Port City of Odesa - Democracy Now! - January 2nd, 2026 [January 2nd, 2026]
- Daily Herald opinion: Toward better democracy: ranked choice voting coming back to forefront in 2026 - Daily Herald - January 2nd, 2026 [January 2nd, 2026]
- Why This Fallen SEALs Love of Democracy Shames Trump - The Daily Beast - December 31st, 2025 [December 31st, 2025]
- The Revolutionary Roots of Social Democracy - Jacobin - December 31st, 2025 [December 31st, 2025]
- A Trump-Epstein statue, melting democracy and human banners: the art of protesting in 2025 - in pictures - The Guardian - December 31st, 2025 [December 31st, 2025]
- Democracy in retreat amid growing global conflicts and aid cuts, warns David Miliband - The Independent - December 31st, 2025 [December 31st, 2025]
- The Authoritarian Playbook: Public Education & the Future of Democracy - KALW - December 31st, 2025 [December 31st, 2025]
- Congressional term limits would restore trust and revive American Democracy - Chester County Press - December 31st, 2025 [December 31st, 2025]
- Trump Set to Garnish Wages for Student Loan Defaults; The Debt Collective Lays Out Other Options - Democracy Now! - December 31st, 2025 [December 31st, 2025]
- Mayor for the Masses: Can the Democratic Socialist Movement That Elected Mamdani Keep Its Momentum? - Democracy Now! - December 31st, 2025 [December 31st, 2025]
- Commentary: When the Law Is Made in the Dark, Democracy Suffers - Royal Examiner - December 31st, 2025 [December 31st, 2025]