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Chinese leaders are planning economic and legal reforms, but they won't relax the country's online free-speech rules

A man checks his iPad on the Bund in Shanghai on Sept. 24, 2013

China boasts a Web-censorship system that would be the envy of any autocrat. The state blocks Facebook, Twitter and a growing list of foreign news sites. It polices blogs and pulls political content. After riots hit the restive far-western region of Xinjiang in 2009, Beijing managed to shut down the Internet there for months.

All this, it seems, is not enough. The ruling Chinese Communist Party on Friday released more details from last weeks meeting of top leaders in Beijing. Organized around the theme of comprehensively deepening reform, the 20,000-odd-character communiqu outlines what could be a major economic overhaul, as well as some positive, if limited, promises on rights and rule of law. But on matters of free expression, Chinas top leaders doubled down, harping on the need to maintain social stability and control.

Judging by the statement, Beijing is pretty worried its censors cant keep up. As the qualities of Internet media grow stronger, online media management and industry management cannot keep up with development and change, it reads, according to a China Media Project translation. Of particular worry are real-time communication tools like Twitter and WeChat, which have scale and social mobilization capacity. The answer, leaders reckon, is a strengthening of public-opinion channeling in the name of online information order and national security.

(MORE: China Internet Crackdown Snares Uighur Users)

Some of this is old news. The rise of social media has long been a sore point for Chinas risk-averse rulers. The strategy thus far has been to allow a certain amount of digital freedom while actively purging content they deem subversive or destabilizing. The handling of last months attack in Tiananmen Square showed the speed with which they work. Within hours of the wreck, eyewitness accounts started disappearing from the Web. Soon after, the state issued concrete censorship guidelines: Downplay the story, dont put it on the homepage and monitor those microblogs, please.

But the fact is, when something interesting happens, not even an army of censors can stop the information advance. My colleague was on a flight to Chinas northwest at the time of the Tiananmen incident. When she landed, hours later, locals were well aware of what was going on. Good or bad, news travels fast especially when its not supposed to. And Chinas netizens are adept at bypassing or outsmarting censorship software, whether through virtual private networks, also known as VPN, or the clever use of coded language.

Chinas leaders know this and they dont like it, which may be why tighter controls are on the way. Indeed, in terms of censorship, whats most interesting about the document is the way it links social media to national security and, we can only assume, the newly created National Security Commission. I suspect that enhanced media controls, and particularly Internet controls, will play a central role in this unfolding project of national security, said China Media Projects David Bandurski, in an e-mail. The language in the decision makes it clear that press control, or public-opinion guidance, remains a key priority for the leadership. Reform may be the new buzzword in Beijing, but the Great Firewall is looking pretty solid.

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China Doubles Down on Web Censorship