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Hillary Clinton – Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre

Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (Chicago, Illinois, 26 de octubre de 1947) es una poltica y abogada estadounidense. Fue Secretaria de Estado, Senadora y Primera Dama de los Estados Unidos. De 2009 a 2013, fue la Secretaria de Estado de los Estados Unidos, formando parte de la primera administracin del presidente Barack Obama. Represent al estado de Nueva York en el Senado desde 2001 hasta 2009. Como esposa del 42 presidente de los Estados Unidos, Bill Clinton, fue Primera Dama de 1993 a 2001. En las elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 2008, Clinton lider una de las dos candidaturas principales para la nominacin presidencial demcrata.

Oriunda de Illinois, Hillary Rodham atrajo por primera vez la atencin nacional en 1969 por sus comentarios como la primera oradora estudiantil del discurso de graduacin en Wellesley College. Tras recibir su J.D. de la escuela de Derecho Facultad de Derecho de Yale en 1973, comenz su carrera como abogada. Tras un periodo como asesora legal congresista, se traslad a Arkansas en 1974 y se cas con Bill Clinton en 1975. Rodham cofund Defensores para Nios y Familias de Arkansas (en ingls Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families) en 1977 y se convirti en la primera mujer en presidir la Legal Services Corporation en 1978. Nombrada como la primera socia femenina en el Rose Law Firm en 1979, apareci dos veces como una de los cien abogados ms influyentes en Estados Unidos.

Como Primera Dama de Arkansas (de 1979 a 1981 y de 1983 a 1992, con su marido Bill como gobernador), dirigi exitosamente un grupo de trabajo para la reforma del sistema educativo de Arkansas. Fue miembro de la junta directiva de Wal-Mart y de varias otras empresas.

En 1994, como Primera Dama de los Estados Unidos, su principal iniciativa, el plan de asistencia santaria Clinton, no obtuvo la aprobacin del Congreso de los EE.UU. Sin embargo, en 1997 y 1999, Clinton desempe un papel importante en la defensa de la creacin del Programa de Seguro Mdico para Nios del Estado (en ingls State Children's Health Insurance Program), la Ley de Adopcin y Familias Seguras (en ingls Adoption and Safe Families Act), y la Ley de Independencia de Hogares de Guarda (en ingls Foster Care Independece Act). Sus aos como Primera Dama obtuvieron una respuesta polarizada de la opinin pblica estadounidense. Ha sido la nica Primera Dama en ser citada, testific ante un gran jurado en 1996 debido a la controversia de Whitewater, pero nunca fue acusada de irregularidades ni en esta ni en otras investigaciones llevadas a cabo durante la administracin de su marido. El estado de su matrimonio fue objeto de muchas especulaciones tras el escndalo Lewinsky en 1998.

Despus de mudarse al estado de Nueva York, Clinton fue elegida como Senadora de los EE.UU. en 2000. Esa eleccin constituy la primera vez que una primera dama estadounidense haba sido candidata a cargos pblicos; Clinton tambin fue la primera senadora femenina en representar el estado. En el Senado, ella inicialmente apoy a la administracin Bush en algunos asuntos de poltica exterior, incluyendo un voto a favor de la Resolucin Guerra de Irak. Posteriormente, se opuso a la administracin en su manejo de la guerra en Irak y en la mayora de los asuntos domsticos. La Senadora Clinton fue reelegida con un amplio margen en 2006. En la contienda por la nominacin presidencial de 2008, Hillary Clinton gan ms primarias y delegados que cualquier otra candidata femenina en la historia de Estados Unidos, pero perdi por estrecho margen ante el senador de Illinois, Barack Obama.

Obama gan la eleccin y nombr a Clinton Secretaria de Estado; Clinton se convirti en la primera ex Primera Dama en formar parte del gabinete de un presidente. Ha instaurado cambios institucionales que buscan maximizar la eficacia departamental y promover el empoderamiento de las mujeres en todo el mundo, y ha establecido rcords como secretaria con el mayor nmero de viajes durante el tiempo que ha ostentado el cargo. Ha estado en la vanguardia de la respuesta de EE.UU a la Primavera rabe, incluyendo la promocin de la intervencin militar en Libia. Ha utilizado el poder inteligente como estrategia para afirmar el liderazgo de EE.UU. y sus valores en el mundo y ha defendido el uso de medios sociales en hacer llegar el mensaje de EE.UU.

Hillary Diane Rodham[nb 1] naci en el Edgewater Hospital en Chicago, Illinois.[1][2] Creci en una familia perteneciente en a la Iglesia metodista unida, primero en Chicago y despus, desde los tres aos, en la ciudad de Park Ridge (Illinois).[3] Su padre, Hugh Ellsworth Rodham (19111993), era el hijo de inmigrantes galeses e ingleses;[4] dirigi un exitoso negocio en la industria textil.[5] Su madre, Dorothy Emma Howell (19192011), era una ama de casa descendiente de inmigrantes ingleses, escoceses, franceses, francocanadienses, y galeses.[4][6] Hillary creci junto a dos hermanos menores, Hugh y Tony.

De nia, Hillary Rodham era la favorita de su profesora, en la escuela pblica de Park Ridge.[7][8] Practic natacin, bisbol, y otros deportes.[7][8] Gan numerosos premios como Brownie y Girl Scout.[8] Asisti al instituto Maine East High School, donde particip en el consejo estudiantil, el peridico escolar, y fue elegida para la National Honor Society.[1][9] Durante su ltimo ao de instituto, fue trasladada a Maine South High School, donde fue una de las finalistas del Programa nacional del mrito escolar (en ingls National Merit Scholarship Program) y se gradu dentro del 5% de los mejores de su promocin en 1965.[9][10] Su madre deseaba que tuviera una carrera profesional e independiente,[6] y su padre, antes un tradicionalista, era de la opinin que las habilidades y las oportunidades de su hija no deban estar limitadas por razones de gnero.[11]

Criada en un ambiente familiar polticamente conservador,[6] a la edad de trece aos ayud en el escrutinio de los votos procedentes del distrito de South Side de Chicago subsiguiente a las recin celebradas elecciones presidenciales de 1960, donde encontr pruebas de fraude electoral contra el candidato republicano, Richard Nixon.[12] Ms tarde, se ofreci como voluntaria en la campaa del candidato republicano, Barry Goldwater, para las elecciones presidenciales de 1964.[13] El pensamiento poltico ms temprano de Rodham fue conformado, mayormente, por su profesor de historia del instituto (como su padre, un ferviente anticomunista), quien le descubri el clsico de Goldwater La conciencia de un conservador (en ingls The Conscience of a Conservative),[14] y por su consejero juvenil metodista (como su madre, preocupado por temas relacionados con la justicia social), junto al que conoci al lder de los derechos civiles Martin Luther King, en Chicago, en 1962.[15]

En 1965, se inscribi en el Wellesley College, donde se especializ en ciencias polticas.[16] Durante su primer ao, fue la presidenta de la Asociacin de Jvenes Republicanos de Wellesley;[17][18] Con este grupo de orientacin republicana liberal,[19] apoy la eleccin de John Lindsay and Edward Brooke.[20] Ms tarde abandon el cargo, a medida que sus puntos de vista fueron cambiando con respecto al movimiento por los derecho civiles en Estados Unidos y la Guerra de Vietnam.[17] En una carta dirigida a su consejero juvenil, se describi a s misma como "una mente conservadora y un corazn liberal."[21] En contraste con el movimiento de los sesenta que promova acciones radicales contra el sistema poltico, ella intent trabajar para cambiarlo desde dentro.[22] En su tercer ao en Wellesley, Rodham se convirti en una seguidora de la campaa para la nominacin a la presidencia del demcrata Eugene McCarthy.[23] Tras el asesinato de Martin Luther King, Jr., Rodham organiz una huelga estudiantil de dos das y trabaj con los estudiantes negros de Wellesley para reclutar ms estudiantes y profesorado negro.[23] A principios de 1968, fue elegida presidenta de la Asociacin de gobierno de Wellesley College (en ingls Wellesley College Government Association), cargo que ejerci hasta principios de 1969;[22][24] estaba siendo utilizada para evitar que Wellesley se viera envuelta en los disturbios estudiantiles comunes a otras universidades.[22] Algunos de sus compaeros pensaban que algn da se convertira en la primera mujer Presidente de los Estados Unidos.[22] Para que pudiera comprender mejor el cambio en sus puntos de vista polticos, el Profesor Alan Schechter la envi como pasante al la Conferencia de Republicanos de la Cmara de Representantes de los Estados Unidos, y asisti al curso de verano "Wellesley en Washington".[23] Rodham fue invitada por el representante republicano moderado de Nueva York, Charles Goodell, a participar en la campaa tarda por la nominacin republicana del gobernador Nelson Rockefeller.[23] Rodham asisti a la Convencin Nacional Republicana de 1968 en Miami. Sin embargo, qued descontenta con cmo la campaa de Richard Nixon retrat a Rockefeller y por los mensajes racistas encubiertos durante la convencin, por lo que abandon definitivamente el Partido Republicano.[23]

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Hillary Clinton - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre

Big donors holding off making pledges to pro-Hillary Clinton super PAC

Hillary Rodham Clintons decision to delay a decision about her presidential ambitions until as late as July has stymied efforts of a major allied super PAC to come out of the gate early with a slew of big-money commitments.

Priorities USA Action which has positioned itself as the main advertising vehicle to back a Clinton candidacy had hoped to line up dozens of seven-figure pledges before April as a show of strength, but has secured only about 10, according to people familiar with the situation.

One factor that has contributed to the reluctance: Many wealthy political givers on the left have recently written large checks to the Bill, Hillary and Chelsea Clinton Foundation, part a drive to raise money for the nonprofit organization before a likely Clinton presidential run. Major foundation donors have indicated to super PAC fundraisers that they are holding off on other large pledges for now, according to people with knowledge of the conversations.

Priorities slow progress has prompted internal conversations about whether the group will have to recalibrate what it can expect to raise this cycle a sum that people close to the operation originally expected to be around $300 million. The super PACs difficulties in securing pledges was first reported late Tuesday by Politico.

Priorities officials said they are not concerned.

Priorities USA Action chose not to raise money in the 2014 cycle because we did not want to compete with the many good Democrats who were fighting for their political lives, senior adviser Paul Begala said in a statement. We will play a critical role in electing a Democratic President in 2016. Anyone who doubts us should ask President Romney.

Many party fundraisers concur, saying that once Clinton is officially in the race, the money will rush in from loyalists and new donors eager to be part of her candidacy.

I think its like everything else going on -- whats the timeline with her? said one party strategist familiar with the dynamics, who requested anonymity to discuss donor attitudes. Once things are more finalized with what she is doing, their job will become a little easier.

Some top Democratic contributors said they wont consider committing large amounts until she is officially in the race.

Im waiting to see if Hillary announces a campaign and to see what it looks like, said David desJardins, San Francisco-based investor who supports independent political groups on the left.

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Big donors holding off making pledges to pro-Hillary Clinton super PAC

Boris Johnson once compared Hillary Clinton to 'a sadistic nurse in a mental hospital'

For all who love America, it is time to think of supporting Hillary, not because we necessarily want her for herself but because we want Bill in the role of First Husband. And if Bill can deal with Hillary, he can surely deal with any global crisis.

Mr Johnson also made a reference to conspiracy theories surrounding the death of Vince Foster, a close friend of Mrs Clinton's who killed himself with a gun in 1993.

Some opponents of the Clintons have suggested that he may have been killed and they had a hand in his death - a theory refuted by multiple official investigations.

In his column, Mr Johnson referred to "worrying allegations" about "the anomalies in the position of poor Vince Foster's gun".

He also said Mrs Clinton appeared to have spent her eight years as First Lady behaving like "a mixture between Cherie Blair and Lady Macbeth, stamping her heel, bawling out subordinates and frisbeeing ashtrays at her erring husband".

When reminded about his eight-year-old comments by ITV News, Mr Johnson said: "I'm delighted to be able to meet Senator Clinton. I'm sure that whatever I've said in the past will be taken by the Senator who is a very distinguished politician in the light hearted spirit in which it was intended."

Even his efforts to make amends may cause new issues.

While Mrs Clinton was once a senator from New York, and therefore entitled to be called "Senator Clinton", that title was overtaken by her work as US Secretary of State.

Americans universally refer to her as "Secretary Clinton", which may have been the title Mr Johnson was grasping for.

The mayor is due to meet Mrs Clinton, who is expected to run for president in 2016, in New York on Wednesday for talks expected to focus on foreign policy.

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Boris Johnson once compared Hillary Clinton to 'a sadistic nurse in a mental hospital'

In Likely Democratic Primary, Who's Joining Hillary Clinton?

Democratic Party possibilities for 2016 (clockwise from top left): former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton; Vice President Joe Biden; former Maryland Gov. Martin O'Malley; Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders; Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren; former Virginia Sen. Jim Webb. Ethan Miller, Mandel Ngan, Patrick Smith, Mark Wilson, Chip Somodevilla (2)/Getty Images hide caption

Democratic Party possibilities for 2016 (clockwise from top left): former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton; Vice President Joe Biden; former Maryland Gov. Martin O'Malley; Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders; Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren; former Virginia Sen. Jim Webb.

There may not be any officially declared candidates for president yet, but prominent Republicans from Jeb Bush to Rand Paul and Marco Rubio are making big speeches and jostling for consultants and donors. On the Democratic side, Hillary Clinton may not formally announce whether she is running for months. But any number of polls would indicate, without even declaring, she has a lock on the Democratic nomination.

Which got me thinking who are the other potential Democratic candidates?

This may not be an obvious place to start, but I figured why not ask the opposition? America Rising PAC is a Republican group that exists to dig up dirt on Democrats. And it's on the lookout for presidential candidates to target.

"It really is tough," says Tim Miller, the PAC's executive director. He says each quarter the staff have a meeting where they sit down and basically ask themselves, "Who other than Hillary Clinton should we be researching?"

"And that list of strong candidates after Hillary is so small as to be potentially nobody."

To test the theory, I went to downtown Chicago hotbed of Democratic politics to ask people whom they expect to run for president. Here are some of the responses I got:

April Williams, sighing: "The only one I can think of is Hillary Clinton. That's about it."

Martha O'Connor: "Honestly, to be honest with you, Hillary is kind of the only person that pops into my mind."

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In Likely Democratic Primary, Who's Joining Hillary Clinton?

Brock resigns from Hillary Clinton PAC

David Brock on Monday abruptly resigned from the board of the super PAC Priorities USA Action, revealing rifts that threaten the big-money juggernaut being built to support Hillary Clintons expected presidential campaign.

In a resignation letter obtained by POLITICO, Brock, a close Clinton ally, accused Priorities officials of planting an orchestrated political hit job against his own pro-Clinton groups, American Bridge and Media Matters.

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Those groups along with another pro-Clinton group, the super PAC Ready for Hillary had their fundraising practices called into question last week by a New York Times report. It pointed out that veteran Democratic fundraiser Mary Pat Bonner got a 12.5 percent commission on funds she raised for Brocks groups and a smaller percentage commission on cash she raised for Ready for Hillary.

In his letter to the co-chairs of Priorities board former Michigan Gov. Jennifer Granholm and former Obama campaign manager Jim Messina Brock alleged that current and former Priorities officials were behind this specious and malicious attack on the integrity of these critical organizations.

The letter and Brocks resignation offer a rare glimpse into a network of groups upon which Democrats are relying to keep the White House and stave off increasingly robust big-money efforts on the right. The public airing of dirty laundry comes as sources say Priorities is struggling to live up to the hopes of some Clinton allies, who had argued it should aim to raise as much as $500 million to eviscerate prospective Clinton rivals in the primary and general elections.

Brock, who spent his early career in Washington as a self-described right-wing hit man before experiencing a political awakening and emerging as the leader of an empire of hard-hitting liberal attack groups, contends in his letter that Priorities is trying to damage his groups fundraising efforts, while presumably enhancing Priorities own. Frankly, this is the kind of dirty trick Ive witnessed in the right-wing and would not tolerate then. Our Democratic Presidential nominee deserves better than people who would risk the next election and our countrys future for their own personal agendas.

Brock did not respond to requests for comment about the letter, his groups relationship with Bonner or with the other big-money groups boosting Clinton.

Craig Smith, a senior adviser to Ready for Hillary, said his group is still working with Bonner, as well as with Priorities and Brocks groups. We have worked with them for almost two years. We continue to work with them. We all do very different things, so theres not a lot of overlap.

Asked whether he thought rivals on the left were circulating negative information on Bonner, he said, I would hope not. Not that Im aware of.

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Brock resigns from Hillary Clinton PAC