How to boost co-operation between Nato and EU – Gulf Times
By Ian Bond and Luigi Scazzieri/London
Russias invasion of Ukraine in February was a watershed moment for European security. But relations between Nato and the European Union (EU) remain marred by mutual suspicion, institutional rivalry, and a lack of effective co-operation. The two organisations must set aside their differences and work together.Russia once again poses a long-term threat to European security. At the same time, the economic spillover from the war in Ukraine will intensify security challenges along Europes southern flank. And, as the current crisis involving Taiwan has shown, Chinas increasing assertiveness will loom progressively larger in Americas strategic thinking.The key European security challenge in the coming years will be to strengthen deterrence against Russia while retaining the ability to tackle other threats. When it comes to deterring Russia, Nato is clearly the indispensable organisation, because there is no viable alternative to its integrated command structure. The Ukraine war has reinvigorated Natos core mission of standing up to Russia and defending its members territory if deterrence fails. Under new defence plans, Natos rapid response force will increase from 40,000 to 300,000 troops. And Finland and Sweden will soon become members.Natos deterrent power is underpinned by the US forces stationed in Europe which have increased by around 20,000 since Russia invaded Ukraine, to over 100,000 and by Americas nuclear arsenal. But Europeans cannot expect the US to continue shouldering the bulk of their defence forever. Even before Donald Trumps presidency, US complaints about unfair burden-sharing were growing louder and more frequent. Americas increased focus on Asia means that the US contribution to Europes defence is likely to shrink over time. And Europeans cannot rule out the possibility that Trump or someone in his isolationist America First mould will become president in 2025 and walk away from the US commitment to Nato.So, Europeans have little choice but to contribute more to their own defence. Since the Ukraine conflict began, EU countries have announced an extra 200bn ($203bn) in military expenditure. But many countries could find implementing these commitments politically difficult given the economic downturn and competing budget demands.Moreover, the impact of the additional defence expenditure depends on an overall plan for determining the weapons systems, logistics, and munitions needed. But European defence spending remains uncoordinated, with little intergovernmental co-operation. According to the European Defence Agency, joint research and development is currently only 6% of total EU defence R&D, and joint procurement accounts for just 11% of total equipment orders.The EU has a key role to play in strengthening European security in a manner that complements Natos efforts. For starters, the Union needs to help member states manage the economic consequences of the war in Ukraine thereby helping to sustain a political consensus for sanctions against Russia.The EU can also help to prepare European armies better for conflict. The plan to establish a 5,000-strong rapid reaction force would push member states armed forces to co-operate more closely, contributing to their overall ability to deter threats. And the EU is better placed than Nato to confront security challenges such as disinformation and election interference, because it is through the Union that member states regulate the technology platforms through which misinformation spreads.But the EUs greatest potential contribution to European security lies in its ability to foster higher defence spending by member states. The EUs fiscal rules can encourage this by excluding defence investment from budget deficit limits, in the same way that investment in the green and digital transformations has been excluded since the start of the pandemic. Moreover, the Union can devise incentives to promote joint procurement and deeper co-operation among national military forces.Recent proposals from the European Commission, particularly a value-added tax exemption for joint defence procurement, could yield significant progress on defence spending, co-ordination, and efforts to strengthen European military capabilities. But European countries lack a truly collaborative mindset when it comes to developing, acquiring, and operating defence capabilities. Developing such an approach will require stronger political direction from national leaders.The EU and other Nato members should ensure that their national defence markets are as open to one another as possible, to ensure economies of scale. The EUs attempts to improve military capabilities should be guided by the principle of maximising effectiveness and should not unnecessarily damage long-standing relationships between EU defence firms and their non-EU partners.For its part, the US should continue to signal strong support for a greater EU role in European security and defence, particularly in developing the blocs military capabilities. At the same time, US policymakers can influence the elaboration of EU initiatives in ways that avoid duplication and strengthen European security.Russian President Vladimir Putins war of aggression against Ukraine has shown that defending European values and interests is a matter of life and death. Europe can no longer afford to treat quasi-theological arguments over EU and Nato primacy as more important than its own security. Project Syndicate* Ian Bond is Director of Foreign Policy at the Centre for European Reform. Luigi Scazzieri is a senior research fellow at the Centre for European Reform.
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How to boost co-operation between Nato and EU - Gulf Times