Archive for the ‘Democracy’ Category

Clive McFarlane: Democracy on shaky ground – Worcester Telegram

Clive McFarlane Telegram & Gazette Staff @CliveMcFarlane

In these slippery, Trump-stirred times of trouble and turmoil, I search frantically to find sure footing because through the mist of our Muslim neighbors' tears, I see clearly what's in store for them if we who care for our democracy should stumble and fall.

And to the north I see worshipers at a Quebec mosque being slaughtered - six killed and 19 injured. Authorities say they were shot down by a man with extremists views, a man who claims to be an avid supporter of our president, a president who on the eve of this killing spree had targeted Muslims in a travel ban to this country.

To the south, I see a Texas mosque gutted by fire, and from all across the country come stories of girls wearing hijabs being harassed, Muslim women being threatened by knife-wielding harassers and Muslim shopkeepers being peppered with anti-Muslim slurs.

And in the wake of these atrocities, I hear a clear and comforting voice rise above the din to say:

"The people who commit these acts mean to test our resolve and weaken our values. We will not close our minds. We will open our hearts."

It is the voice of Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, and not that of our president, who is constitutionally obligated to preserve the greatest democracy in the world, but who instead, through his press secretary, Sean Spicer, used the Canadian tragedy to buckle down on his travel ban.

"Its a terrible reminder of why we must remain vigilant, and why the president is taking steps to be proactive, rather than reactive, when it comes to our nations safety and security, he told us at his daily briefing on Monday.

And I wait to hear the voice of dissent from leaders of influential Muslim-majority countries, like Egypt and Saudi Arabia, but silence prevails, and not unexpectedly because both have long manipulated extremism within their borders to further their own self-interests, the same self-interest mirrored by Mr. Trump when he declined to include in his Muslim ban those countries in which his business interests raise towers in benediction to his ego.

Oh, how disappointing it was to see at Monday's press conference an Indian-American reporter groveling at the president's feet.

This Indian-American reporter, whose roots sprout from a country deemed the largest democracy in the world and which is home to the world's second largest Muslim population, had not a single word to say about the president's travel ban.

He seemed to be more mindful of Mr. Trump's sizable business interest in India, business interests described by NPR as being "more than anywhere else outside North America."

So this Indian-American reporter noted how the president of India, Narendra Modi, has spoken to President Trump three times since Mr. Trump's "victory to make America great again."

"Both leaders, I understand, are on the same boat, because both are thinking the same," he said, before adding, "India is waiting to welcome President Trump."

And I realize now how vulnerable, like a dinghy caught in a raging ocean storm, this little democracy of ours is; and I can see clearly that the sure footing I seek lies not on a common ground girdled by self-interest, like those who protest only when their individual self-interests are at stake.

The sure footing I seek lies on the common ground staked out by "we the people," people like former acting U.S. attorney general Sally Yates, whom Mr. Trump fired for refusing to defend his travel ban, people like civil rights lawyers, people like many in the diverse groups pushing back against Mr. Trump, people who are guided not by self-interest but by the interest of our democracy and of our humanity.

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Clive McFarlane: Democracy on shaky ground - Worcester Telegram

Soros-Linked NGO: Support for Right Wing Parties in Europe ‘Threatens Democracy’ – Breitbart News

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The rise of antiestablishment parties in Poland, France, Germany is identified as a major danger to Europe in the report published Tuesday, which is entitled Freedom in the World 2017.

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Freedom House says populism is a threat to global democracy, claiming that xenophobia and religious intolerance go against the fundamental values of democracy.

Angela Merkels call for a ban on the full face veil towards the end of last year was also highlighted as cause for concern in the report, which says the German Chancellors remarks seemed to pander to to anti-Muslim sentiment.

Europe can no longer be taken for granted as a bastion of democratic stability due to Russian interference and the migrant crisis according to the report, which accuses Russia of meddling in European elections by pushing populist and nationalist parties and spreading fake news and propaganda.

Another sign that global democracy is in distress, the report says, is that a number of countries held referendums in 2016. Deriding the votes as a radical reduction to majority rule, it complains that direct votes circumvent the structures and safeguards of democracy.

Asserting that democracy is more than just elections, Freedom House outlines a truly democratic system as one which hasa free press, independent courts, legal protections for minorities, a robust opposition, and unfettered civil society groups.

During the 2014 European Parliament election campaign, civil society groups received $6 million (4.77 million) in funding from Hungarian financier Soross Open Society Foundations.

The democratic election of populist leaders in Eastern and Central Europe is also identified in the paper as a threat to democracy.

The election of, and subsequent governing by Law and Justice (PiS) in Poland, and Fidesz in Hungary, arebranded a menace in the report, and cited as examples of counter-democratic transitions.

Along with attacking the two countries governments for having repudiated liberal values, Freedom House claims that in providing economic benefits to its core constituents referring to how the party has generous welfare policies PiS is using the economic power of the state for party political ends.

Co-author of the report, Arch Puddington, wrote: We see leaders and nations pursuing their own narrow interests without meaningful constraints or regard for the shared benefits of global peace and freedom.

These trends are starting to undo the international order of the past quarter-century and have undermined respect for fundamental freedoms and democracy, he said.

Open Society Foundations frequently partners with Freedom House, and the Hungarian billionaires grant-making network was revealed to be a financial backer of the American NGO in documents published by DCLeaks.

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Soros-Linked NGO: Support for Right Wing Parties in Europe 'Threatens Democracy' - Breitbart News

John Nichols: Once a ‘full democracy,’ the US now a ‘flawed democracy’ – Madison.com

The United States is no longer a full democracy, according to the highly regarded Economist Intelligence Unit, which each year compiles a Democracy Index, providing "a snapshot of the state of democracy worldwide for 165 independent states and two territories.

The U.S., a standard-bearer of democracy for the world, has become a flawed democracy, as popular confidence in the functioning of public institutions has declined, explains the introduction to the freshly released Democracy Index.

That would be a troubling announcement in any week.

But coming in the first week of the presidency of Donald Trump, a man who has claimed that election systems are rigged, who lies about supposed voter fraud, and who attacks the media outlets who call him out for those lies, the announcement is all the more unsettling.

For those of us who have for many years worried about the vulnerable state of democracy in America, the news is even more troubling because the Democracy Index analysis reminds us that this is about a lot more than Donald Trump.

Popular trust in government, elected representatives and political parties has fallen to extremely low levels in the U.S. This has been a long-term trend and one that preceded the election of Mr. Trump as U.S. president in November 2016, explains the analysis. By tapping a deep strain of political disaffection with the functioning of democracy, Mr. Trump became a beneficiary of the low esteem in which U.S. voters hold their government, elected representatives and political parties, but he was not responsible for a problem that has had a long gestation. The U.S. has been teetering on the brink of becoming a flawed democracy for several years, and even if there had been no presidential election in 2016, its score would have slipped below 8.00.

To be ranked as a full democracy, a country must maintain an 8.00 rating based on five measures: electoral process and pluralism, civil liberties, the functioning of government, political participation, and political culture. The U.S. rating was 8.05 last year. It is now 7.98; and index ranking for the U.S. has fallen to No. 21 just behind Japan, just ahead of the Republic of Cabo Verde. The United States is not ranked with the worlds authoritarian states. But the U.S. is no longer ranked in the full democracy category with Australia, Canada, Germany, and the United Kingdom. And it is ranked well below social democracies such as Norway (No. 1 on the 2016 Democracy Index), Iceland (No. 2) and Sweden (No. 3).

For small-d democrats who are worried about Trump and Trumpism, the latest Democracy Index provides vital perspective. The new president is a bad player. He disrespects and disregards democratic values, encourages distrust of democratic infrastructure, and expresses disdain for the essential source of information in a democracy: a free and skeptical and questioning press that is willing to speak truth to power.

But even before Trump entered the presidential race, the crisis was real, and it was metastasizing.

Robert W. McChesney and I made this point in our 2013 book "Dollarocracy" and our 2016 book "People Get Ready" (both Nation Books). We used the Democracy Index and other measures to warn that the infrastructure of democracy was being undermined by a combination of big-money politics, lobbying abuses that tip the balance of power to corporate interests, underfunded and dysfunctional media, assaults on labor rights, the gutting of voting rights, and the manipulation of election systems by partisans.

Undermining the infrastructure of democracy necessarily undermines confidence in democracy which we suggested would create a crisis for the United States, a country that already has embarrassingly low levels of voter participation when compared with fully functional democracies. The 2016 Democracy Index provides a fresh measure of that crisis, noting:

The decline in the U.S. democracy score reflects an erosion of confidence in government and public institutions over many years. According to the Pew Research Center, public trust in government has been on a steady downward trend since shortly after the Sept. 11 attacks in 2001. Donald Trump won the November 2016 presidential election by exploiting this trust deficit and tapping into Americans anger and frustration with the functioning of their democratic institutions and representatives. He positioned himself as the insurgent candidate, a political outsider taking on a rigged system who would drain the swamp in Washington, D.C. However, his candidacy was not the cause of the deterioration in trust but rather a consequence of it.

Its fair to quibble with that last line; at the very least, Trumps rhetoric reinforces and extends the deterioration in faith in democracy. And there should be no doubt that Trumps presidency will make things worse just five days into his term, he was promising a major inquiry into voter fraud, which even Republicans acknowledge is almost nonexistent. But Trumps political rise is a symptom rather than the cause of a broader democracy crisis.

These realities call for a multitiered response to Trump and Trumpism.

It begins with resistance to the most dangerous of Trumps policies and proposals, and with the requirement of solidarity with those who are most threatened by those policies and proposals. But it also can and must address the democracy crisis.

It is more necessary than ever to embrace movements to get big money out of politics and restore ethics to government, to defend voting rights and make it easier to cast ballots, and to reform our media and sustain a truly free press. Groups such as Common Cause and Public Citizen, Free Speech for People and Move to Amend, FairVote and Free Press are working in these areas. They have track records of success, even in the most difficult of circumstances, and they recognize the importance of state and local initiatives.

The resistance to Trump begins with opposition to immediate threats to civil rights and civil liberties, and to the dismantling of safety-net policies, programs and protections. But it must also address the threat posed by an ongoing decay of democracy, which has as its consequence the empowerment of a Donald Trump and the rise of Trumpism.

John Nichols, associate editor of The Capital Times, is a co-founder, with Robert W. McChesney, of the media reform network Free Press.jnichols@madison.comand @NicholsUprising

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John Nichols: Once a 'full democracy,' the US now a 'flawed democracy' - Madison.com

Why Democracy Prevailed in Gambia – New York Times


New York Times
Why Democracy Prevailed in Gambia
New York Times
It was nothing short of a democratic coup. So was it an exception, or proof that African leaders are increasingly willing to demand and enforce democracy in the region? Democracy's record throughout the African continent has been checkered in ...
Gambia: The Day Democracy WonAllAfrica.com
A victory for democracy and Africa in GambiaAmerica Magazine
The Gambia: Adama Barrow's peaceful rise to power does not mean democracy for rest of AfricaInternational Business Times UK

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Why Democracy Prevailed in Gambia - New York Times

Weapons of Math Destruction, book review: Democracy in the age of the algorithm – ZDNet

Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy by Cathy O'Neill Allen Lane 272 pages ISBN: 978-0-241-2-681-3 12.99

If someone made me commissioner of education for a day, I would make everyone study statistics. Especially journalists, whose job it is to explain to the general population what risk factors mean and investigate how systems are gamed.

In Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy, Cathy O'Neil shows the consequences of widespread mathematical fear: very few people understand what's really going on inside those mathematical models, algorithms, and scoring systems. Very few of us can become PhDs, but O'Neil's principal argument is not for better mathematical education -- rather, it's for embedding social fairness in the black box systems we all encounter every day.

O'Neil lists three major elements that characterize these WMDs: opacity; scale; damage. Critical in identifying them is the absence of a feedback loop by which their functioning can be assessed and improved. In one of her real-life examples, a teacher scores 6 on his assessment one year, changes nothing, and scores 96 the next year. Why? What happened? What does it mean, other than that if the school system fires everyone with a score under 50 a possibly excellent teacher might no longer have a job?

O'Neil (who liked to factor the numbers on car licence plates in her head as a child) began as an algebraic number theorist. She did a PhD, and became a tenure-track professor at Barnard College, which shares its mathematics department with Columbia University. She then went to work for the hedge fund D.E. Shaw, where she began to understand the real-life consequences when abstract concepts hit the global economy and caused the housing crash.

Now a 'data scientist', O'Neil launched her blog, mathbabe.org, and went to work for an ecommerce startup. The rise of Occupy Wall Street led her to join the Alternative Banking Group at Columbia to discuss financial reform and...to write this book, a piece of passionate advocacy for fairness and accountability. For WMDs, she writes, tend to punish the poor.

According to O'Neil, understanding of how these models work is thin on the ground, but it's not necessary to understand the details of mathematical theory to grasp the principles of what's going wrong.

The philosopher Karl Popper would easily recognize these WMDs as unfalsifiable hypotheses. In the teaching example above, the hypothesis is that the score indicates something about the quality of the teacher. Because that's nearly impossible to quantify directly, the system -- like the others O'Neil talks about -- relies on proxies that can be easily quantified, such as students' test scores, or the amount those test scores improve in the course of a year.

In other cases O'Neil explores, WMDs determine what ads we see, whether we get jobs, how the financial system treats us, and the pitches our politicians make to us. Yet exactly how these assessments are made is kept secret, so they can't be audited.

There are others who argue that big data can be dangerous, embedding the results of past prejudice into today's supposedly neutral algorithmic decision-making machines. But O'Neil does a particularly fine job of explaining the basis for that contention -- and does it without formulas, in plain, accessible language. People should not be scared of reading this book!

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Weapons of Math Destruction, book review: Democracy in the age of the algorithm - ZDNet