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First and total coronary revascularization event reductions of 34% and 36%, respectively, shown with VASCEPA in prespecified tertiary endpoint analyses

Results of prespecified tertiary endpoint analyses consistent across different types of coronary revascularization procedures, including urgent, emergent, and elective interventions

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) reduced by 32% and 39%, respectively, in post hoc exploratory analyses

DUBLIN, Ireland and BRIDGEWATER, N.J., May 14, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Amarin Corporation plc (NASDAQ:AMRN) today announced that data from the REDUCE-IT study presented by Benjamin E. Peterson, M.D., Brigham and Womens Hospital Heart & Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, at the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions 2020 Scientific Sessions, showed that administration of 4 g/day of VASCEPA (icosapent ethyl) resulted in a significant 34% reduction in first coronary revascularizations versus placebo (p<0.0001). Similar reductions of 36% were observed in total, or first and subsequent, revascularizations (p<0.0001).

These findings from the REDUCE-IT study put in further context the broad-reaching impact of icosapent ethyl on reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease for patients, commented Dr. Deepak L. Bhatt, M.D., M.P.H., Executive Director of Interventional Cardiovascular Programs at Brigham and Womens Hospital Heart & Vascular Center and Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, and senior author of the REDUCE-IT REVASC analyses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first non-LDL cholesterol intervention in a major randomized trial in which analyses support that statin-treated patients underwent fewer CABG surgeries, further highlighting the substantial impact of icosapent ethyl on the underlying atherothrombotic burden in this at-risk population.

Coronary revascularization procedures are invasive, carry multiple risks, and can have significant direct and indirect costs. Patients with elevated triglycerides despite statin therapy have increased risk for ischemic events, including coronary revascularizations. These procedures, whether pre-scheduled or performed in an emergency, oftentimes result in additional time spent in a healthcare setting.

The analyses from the REDUCE-IT study included several types of coronary revascularization events in statin-treated patients with persistent elevated triglycerides (135-499 mg/dL), who also had either cardiovascular disease or diabetes and additional cardiovascular risk factors. Prespecified tertiary endpoint analyses showed that times to first revascularization events were significantly reduced by VASCEPA versus placebo across subtypes of intervention, including urgent, emergent, and elective revascularizations, which were reduced by 34% (p<0.0001), 38% (p=0.02), and 32% (p<0.0001), respectively. In post hoc analyses, VASCEPA significantly reduced percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by 32% (p<0.0001) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) by 39% relative to placebo (p=0.0005).

REDUCE-IT was not specifically powered to examine individual cardiovascular endpoints, therefore p-values presented for these revascularization analyses are nominal and exploratory with no adjustment for multiple comparisons. In addition, coronary revascularization as an endpoint can sometimes be considered subjective; however, these endpoints were adjudicated by an independent, blinded clinical endpoint committee. Results from the total coronary revascularization events analyses are consistent across the various recurrent event statistical models and are also consistent with the first coronary revascularization events results. Together, the REDUCE-IT first and total coronary revascularization events results support the robustness and consistency of the clinical benefit of VASCEPA therapy in reducing coronary revascularization.

Revascularization procedures significantly impact the healthcare system, said Steven Ketchum, Ph.D., senior vice president and president, research & development and chief scientific officer, Amarin. These data reflect new findings consistent with FDA-approved findings that continue to support that the use of VASCEPA has the potential to transform cardiovascular care in appropriate high-risk patients.

Slides from the presentation are available at http://www.scai.org/SCAI2020

About Amarin

Amarin Corporation plc is a rapidly growing, innovative pharmaceutical company focused on developing and commercializing therapeutics to cost-effectively improve cardiovascular health. Amarins lead product, VASCEPA (icosapent ethyl), is available by prescription in the United States, Canada, Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates. Amarin, together with its commercial partners in select geographies, is pursuing additional regulatory approvals for VASCEPA in China, the European Union and the Middle East. For more information about Amarin, visit http://www.amarincorp.com.

About Cardiovascular Risk

The number of deaths in the United States attributed to cardiovascular disease continues to rise.1,2 There are 605,000 new and 200,000 recurrent heart attacks per year (approximately 1 every 40 seconds), in the United States. Stroke rates are similar, accounting for 1 of every 19 U.S. deaths (approximately 1 every 40 seconds).3

Controlling bad cholesterol, also known as LDL-C, is one way to reduce a patients risk for cardiovascular events, such as heart attack, stroke or death. However, even with the achievement of target LDL-C levels, millions of patients still have significant and persistent risk of cardiovascular events, especially those patients with elevated triglycerides. Statin therapy has been shown to control LDL-C, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular events by 25-35% but that still leaves a 65-75% risk remaining.4 People with elevated triglycerides have 35% more cardiovascular events compared to people with normal (in range) triglycerides taking statins.5,6,7

About REDUCE-IT

REDUCE-IT was a global cardiovascular outcomes study designed to evaluate the effect of VASCEPA in adult patients with LDL-C controlled to between 41-100 mg/dL (median baseline 75 mg/dL) by statin therapy and various cardiovascular risk factors including persistent elevated triglycerides between 135-499 mg/dL (median baseline 216 mg/dL) and either established cardiovascular disease (secondary prevention cohort) or diabetes mellitus and at least one other cardiovascular risk factor (primary prevention cohort).

REDUCE-IT, conducted over seven years and completed in 2018, followed 8,179 patients at over 400 clinical sites in 11 countries with the largest number of sites located within the United States. REDUCE-IT was conducted based on a special protocol assessment agreement with FDA. The design of the REDUCE-IT study was published in March 2017 in Clinical Cardiology.8The primary results of REDUCE-IT were published in The New England Journal of Medicine in November 2018.9The total events results of REDUCE-IT were published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology in March 2019.10 These and other publications can be found in the R&D section on the companys website at http://www.amarincorp.com.

About VASCEPA (icosapent ethyl) Capsules

VASCEPA (icosapent ethyl) capsules are the first-and-only prescription treatment approved by the FDA comprised solely of the active ingredient, icosapent ethyl (IPE), a unique form of eicosapentaenoic acid. VASCEPA was initially launched in the United States in 2013 based on the drugs initial FDA approved indication for use as an adjunct therapy to diet to reduce triglyceride levels in adult patients with severe (500 mg/dL) hypertriglyceridemia. Since launch, VASCEPA has been prescribed over eight million times. VASCEPA is covered by most major medical insurance plans. The new, cardiovascular risk indication for VASCEPA was approved by the FDA in December 2019.

Indications and Limitation of Use

VASCEPA is indicated:

The effect of VASCEPA on the risk for pancreatitis in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia has not been determined.

Important Safety Information

Key clinical effects of VASCEPA on major adverse cardiovascular events are included in the Clinical Studies section of the prescribing information for VASCEPA, as set forth below:

Effect of VASCEPA on Time to First Occurrence of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Elevated Triglyceride levels and Other Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in REDUCE-IT

n (%)

n (%)

(17.2)

(22.0)

(0.68, 0.83)

(11.2)

(14.8)

(0.65, 0.83)

(6.1)

(8.7)

(0.58, 0.81)

(5.3)

(7.8)

(0.55, 0.78)

(4.3)

(5.2)

(0.66, 0.98)

(2.6)

(3.8)

(0.53, 0.87)

(2.4)

(3.3)

(0.55, 0.93)

[2] Determined to be caused by myocardial ischemia by invasive/non-invasive testing and requiring emergent hospitalization.

FULL VASCEPA PRESCRIBING INFORMATION CAN BE FOUND AT http://WWW.VASCEPA.COM.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements, including statements regarding the potential impact of VASCEPA in various clinical uses. These forward-looking statements are not promises or guarantees and involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Among the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described or projected herein include the following: uncertainties associated generally with research and development and clinical trials such as further clinical evaluations failing to confirm earlier findings. A further list and description of these risks, uncertainties and other risks associated with an investment in Amarin can be found in Amarin's filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, including its most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Existing and prospective investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. Amarin undertakes no obligation to update or revise the information contained in this press release, whether as a result of new information, future events or circumstances or otherwise. Amarins forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of significant transactions the company may enter into, such as mergers, acquisitions, dispositions, joint ventures or any material agreements that Amarin may enter into, amend or terminate.

Availability of Other Information About Amarin

Investors and others should note that Amarin communicates with its investors and the public using the company website (www.amarincorp.com), the investor relations website (investor.amarincorp.com), including but not limited to investor presentations and investor FAQs, Securities and Exchange Commission filings, press releases, public conference calls and webcasts. The information that Amarin posts on these channels and websites could be deemed to be material information. As a result, Amarin encourages investors, the media, and others interested in Amarin to review the information that is posted on these channels, including the investor relations website, on a regular basis. This list of channels may be updated from time to time on Amarins investor relations website and may include social media channels. The contents of Amarins website or these channels, or any other website that may be accessed from its website or these channels, shall not be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933.

Amarin Contact Information

Investor and Media Inquiries:Elisabeth SchwartzInvestor RelationsAmarin Corporation plcIn U.S.: +1 (908) 719-1315investor.relations@amarincorp.com (investor inquiries)PR@amarincorp.com (media inquiries)

Lee M. SternSolebury TroutIn U.S.: +1 (646) 378-2992lstern@soleburytrout.com

_____________________________1 American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2019 Update: A Report from the American Heart Association. Published January 31, 2019.2 American Heart Association / American Stroke Association. 2017. Cardiovascular disease: A costly burden for America projections through 2035.3 American Heart Association: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics -- 2019 At-a-Glance.4 Ganda OP, Bhatt DL, Mason RP, et al. Unmet need for adjunctive dyslipidemia therapy in hypertriglyceridemia management. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(3):330-343.5 Budoff M. Triglycerides and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the causal pathway of cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol. 2016;118:138-145.6 Toth PP, Granowitz C, Hull M, et al. High triglycerides are associated with increased cardiovascular events, medical costs, and resource use: A real-world administrative claims analysis of statin-treated patients with high residual cardiovascular risk. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7(15):e008740.7 Nordestgaard BG. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease - New insights from epidemiology, genetics, and biology. Circ Res. 2016;118:547-563.8 Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Brinton E, et al., on behalf of the REDUCE-IT Investigators. Rationale and Design of REDUCEIT: Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent EthylIntervention Trial. Clin Cardiol. 2017;40:138-148.9 Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M, et al. Cardiovascular Risk Reduction with Icosapent Ethyl for Hypertriglyceridemia. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:11-22.10 Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M, et al., on behalf of the REDUCE-IT Investigators. Reduction in first and total ischemic events with icosapent ethyl across baseline triglyceride tertiles. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74:1159-1161.

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VASCEPA (icosapent ethyl) Shows Significant Reduction in Coronary Revascularization, Including Coronary Stenting and Cardiac Bypass Surgery, in...

President TrumpDonald John TrumpSusan Rice says she would 'certainly say yes' to be Biden's VP Jim Jordan requests documents from Pompeo regarding Hunter Biden, Burisma Graham rebuffs Trump over Obama testimony: 'It would be a bad precedent' MORE has essentially closed the immigration system in response to the COVID-19 crisis with few exceptions for some guest workers. However, many people in the administration and some Republicans in Congress want to close off even those few exceptions because of the coronarecession. The president will not reopen the rest of the immigration system until the threat from the virus has subsided. When that occurs, reopening immigration will provide a good opportunity for needed reform but new ideas are needed.

The Cato Institute has just released a new white paper called 12 New Immigration Ideas for the 21st Century on how to improve the legal immigration system. Many of the ideas are wonky and written by experts in immigration policy while some are written by knowledgeable outsiders thinking way outside of the box.

We need new innovative immigration reform ideas because Congress has tried to reform immigration for decades using the same playbook that has failed repeatedly. Immigration reform bills in the past seek to improve enforcement, legalize illegal immigrants, and increases lawful immigration. The last of those is the most important and the focus of the Cato white paper. Without a well-functioning legal system that is open and fair, the cornerstones of a legitimate system, improved enforcement and legalization wont work.

Weve tried legalization and enforcement before in the 1986 Reagan amnesty and illegal immigration shot up afterwards because there was no improvement to the legal system that allowed more lawful immigration. Creating better and more open legal immigration pathways is the only way to reduce illegal immigration substantially and create a sense of fairness and predictability in our complex immigration system that is second only to the Internal Revenue Code in complexity, according to Rutgers law professor Elizabeth Hull.

Reopening immigration after COVID-19 diminishes is a golden opportunity to try some of these new ideas.

Most of these ideas are just common sense. Daniel Griswold of the Mercatus Center proposes tying the growth of employment based visas to growth in the most relevant sectors of the U.S. labor force to assure that the annual number of visas available more closely matches the demands of the U.S. economy as it changes. The H-1B visas numbers, with a few years exception around the time of the tech bubble bursting, has had the same small numerical cap as when the internet was a weird curiosity rather than an everyday tool for billions of people. Griswolds proposal would solve this problem by automating visa adjustments.

Stuart Anderson, the former associate commissioner for policy and planning and counselor to the commissioner at the Immigration and Naturalization Service, recommends a maximum wait time for green cards. Currently, wait times for some highly-skilled immigrants seeking the coveted employment-based green card can stretch into decades or even longer. Nobody thinks such insanely-long wait times are fair. Anderson would replace that system with a maximum wait time of five years for employment-based green cards and 10 years for family-sponsored green cards. This is a fair and common-sense way to give American employers, immigrants and their American family members some certainly and predictability.

Griswolds and Andersons ideas are important tweaks that would improve the current immigration system, but the white paper also improves bigger and more far reaching proposals. Economist Michael Clemens from the Center for Global Development proposes a bilateral temporary worker agreement with Mexicosomething that hasnt been attempted in over half a century. Michelangelo Landgrave, a political science doctoral candidate at the University of California, Riverside, proposes a similar arrangement with Canada. He finds that support for immigration rises substantially when Americans get the opportunity to work in Canada and vice versa.

My Cato colleague David Bier proposes creating a state-based visa that allowed states to design temporary worker systems to suit their needs, a policy favored by politicians in red and blue states. Jack Graham and Rebekah Smith propose a more micro-version of state-based visas focusing on local community sponsorship. George Mason political scientist Justin Gest proposes using big data to create a money ball visa that selected the best immigrants on their economic potential and cultural compatibility and entrepreneur and philanthropist Steve Kuhn proposes selling temporary work permits.

We even included some more ambitious proposals that would fundamentally change how the United States government manages immigration. Nathan Smith, a PhD economist working in Arkansas, proposes a scheme where immigrants can come here and work so long as they pay much higher taxes. Grover Norquist, founder and president of Americans for Tax Reform, proposes that each member of Congress should be allowed to handout 100 green cards a year to whomever they like if they pass the security, criminal and health checks. Norquists idea is very similar to how congressmen currently nominate constituents for admission to U.S. military academies.

George Mason economist Robin Hanson proposes two more radical ideas. His first is to use the power of prediction markets, where people bet on certain outcomes, to select immigrants. His second is to allow Americans to trade residency status or citizenship with foreigners. Many Americans want to work and live overseas for a short period of time, so why not let them rent their residency status and work authorization to interested foreigners who will then take their place here? Both sides would win.

Some of the ideas above are moderate adjustments to the current system. Many would create new visa categories entirely. Still others are a more radical rethinking of how the immigration system can be redesigned to benefit Americans. Some of these ideas will undoubtedly make policy makers consider new options and others will make them recoil, but putting new ideas out there for discussion and debate is an important goal of Catos new white paper. Regardless, Congress should take up some of these ideas and use the post-COVID reopening of the immigration system to reform it.

Alex Nowrasteh is the senior immigration policy analyst at the Cato Institute.

Read more here:
Immigration reform after COVID-19 | TheHill - The Hill

1 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Gross Domestic Product [GDP], Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, accessed February 9, 2020, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDP.

2 Stuart Anderson, The World Has Changed since 1990, U.S. Immigration Policy Has Not, National Foundation for American Policy Policy Brief, September 2015.

3 Daniel Griswold and Jack Salmon, Attracting Global Talent to Ensure America Is First in Innovation, Mercatus Center at George Mason University Policy Brief, March 2019.

4 David Bier, Immigration Wait Times from Quotas Have Doubled: Green Card Backlogs Are Long, Growing, and Inequitable, Cato Institute Policy Analysis no. 873, June 18, 2019.

5 Daniel Griswold, Reforming the US Immigration System to Promote Growth (Arlington, VA: Mercatus Center at George Mason University, October 2017).

6 U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Characteristics of H-1B Specialty Occupation Workers: Fiscal Year 2017 Annual Report to Congress October 1, 2016September 30, 2017 (Washington: Department of Homeland Security, April 9, 2018).

7 EmploymentBased Immigration, Senate Republican Policy Committee, February 6, 2018, https://www.rpc.senate.gov/policy-papers/employment-based-immigration.

8 Establishment Data: Table B1a. Employees on Nonfarm Payrolls by Industry Sector and Selected Industry Detail, Seasonally Adjusted, Employment and Earnings Table B1a, Current Employment StatisticsCES (National), Bureau of Labor Statistics, last modified February 7, 2020. Professional and technical services is CES ID 60540000.

9 Establishment Data: Table B1a. Architectural and engineering services is CES ID 60541300, and Computer systems design and related services is CES ID 60541500.

10 As an alternative to official employment data compiled by the government, the escalator could be indexed to more timely employment indicators generated in the private sector, such as the number of job vacancies scraped from relevant employment websites.

11 The proposed adjustment and escalator mechanism could also be applied to temporary work visas for lowerskilled workers, such as the H-2A and H-2B visa categories. But demand for those visas also reflects the decreasing supply of nativeborn workers who are available to fill those jobs and thus the demand is not as closely tied to the employment numbers in the relevant categories.

12 Jake Ulick, Nasdaq Off 20% This Year: Another Day, Another Tech SellOff, This Time Amid Chip Stock Downgrades, CNNMoney, October 10, 2000.

13 Neil G. Ruiz, Key Facts about the U.S. H-1B Visa Program, Fact Tank, Pew Research Center, April 27, 2017.

14 For an overview of commission proposals, see American Council on International Personnel, Examining Proposals to Create aNew Commission on EmploymentBased Immigration, June 2009.

15 Daniel Costa, Future Flows and Worker Rights in S. 744 (Washington: Economic Policy Institute, November 12, 2013).

16 For an overview of commission proposals, see American Council on International Personnel, Examining Proposals to Create aNew Commission on EmploymentBased Immigration.

17 8U.S.C. 1151(b)(2)(A)(i).

18 8U.S.C. 1152(a).

19 Business Roundtable, State of Immigration: How the United States Stacks Up in the Global Talent Competition (Washington: Business Roundtable, March 2015).

20 Reuniting Families Act, H.R. 4944, 115th Cong. (2018).

21 Stuart Anderson, Bill Aims to End DecadesLong Waits for HighSkilled Immigrants, Forbes, February 15, 2019; and David Bier, 150Year Wait for Indian Immigrants with Advanced Degrees, Cato at Liberty (blog), June 8, 2018.

22 Fairness for HighSkilled Immigrants Act of 2019, H.R. 1044, 116th Cong. (2019).

23 David Bier, Fairness for High Skilled Immigrants Act: Wait Times and Green Card Grants, Cato at Liberty (blog), September 30, 2019.

24 Department of State, National Visa Center, Annual Report of Immigrant Visa Applicants in the FamilySponsored and EmploymentBased Preferences Registered at the National Visa Center as of November 1, 2019, 2019.

25 Charles Wheeler, Backlogs in FamilyBased Immigration: Shedding Light on the Numbers, Catholic Legal Immigration Network, last updated March 1, 2019.

26 David Bier, Immigration Wait Times from Quotas Have Doubled: Green Card Backlogs Are Long, Growing, and Inequitable, Cato Institute Policy Analysis no. 873, June 18, 2019.

27 Office of Immigration Statistics, 2017 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics (Washington: Department of Homeland Security, July 2019), 2024.

28 Anderson, Bill Aims to End DecadesLong Waits.

29 Michael A. Clemens, Carlos Gutierrez, and Ernesto Zedillo, Shared Border, Shared Future: ABlueprint to Regulate USMexico Labor Mobility (Washington: Center for Global Development, 2016).

30 Giovanni Peri makes aversion of this proposal. Giovanni Peri, Rationalizing U.S. Immigration Policy: Reforms for Simplicity, Fairness, and Economic Growth, Discussion Paper 2012-01, The Hamilton Project, Brookings Institution, May 2012.

31 Giovanni Peri and Chad Sparber, Task Specialization, Immigration, and Wages, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 1, no. 3 (July 2009): 13569; and Julie L. Hotchkiss, Myriam QuispeAgnoli, and Fernando RiosAvila, The Wage Impact of Undocumented Workers: Evidence from Administrative Data, Southern Economic Journal 81, no. 4 (April 2015): 874906.

32 Giovanni Peri, The Effect of Immigration on Productivity: Evidence from U.S. States, Review of Economics and Statistics 94, no. 1 (February 2012): 34858; and Ethan Lewis and Giovanni Peri, Immigration and the Economy of Cities and Regions, in Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, vol. 5 (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2015), pp. 62585. This occurred both through encouraging capital formation and by raising total factor productivitythe collective productivity of all inputs to production, including both capital and labor, through changes in the technology and organization of production; Andri Chassamboulli and Giovanni Peri, The Labor Market Effects of Reducing the Number of Illegal Immigrants, Review of Economic Dynamics 18, no. 4 (October 2015): 792821.

33 Michael A. Clemens and Kate Gough, Can Regular Migration Channels Reduce Irregular Migration? Lessons for Europe from the United States, Center for Global Development Brief, February 2018.

34 Ana GonzalezBarrera and Jens Manuel Krogstad, What We Know about Illegal Immigration from Mexico, FactTank, Pew Research Center, June 28, 2019.

35 Allison OConnor, Jeanne Batalova, and Jessica Bolter, Central American Immigrants in the United States, Migration Information Source, Migration Policy Institute, August 15, 2019.

36 Jens Hainmueller and Daniel J. Hopkins, Public Attitudes toward Immigration, Annual Review of Political Science 17, no. 1 (May 2014): 22627.

37 Jeff R. Clark et al., Does Immigration Impact Institutions?, Public Choice 163, no. 3 (June 2015): 32135; and Benjamin Powell, Jeff R. Clark, and Alex Nowrasteh, Does Mass Immigration Destroy Institutions? 1990s Israel as aNatural Experiment, Journal of Economic Behavior &Organization 141, (September 2017): 8395.

38 Timothy B. Gravelle, Partisanship, Border Proximity, and Canadian Attitudes toward North American Integration, International Journal of Public Opinion Research 26, no. 4 (Winter 2014): 45374.

39 Other extant free movement agreements include the Nordic Pass Union and the British Isles Common Travel Area.

40 Alessandra Casella and Adam B. Cox, A Property Rights Approach to Temporary Work Visas, The Journal of Legal Studies 47, no. S1 (January 2018): S21214.

41 B. Lindsay Lowell and Johanna Avato, The Wages of Skilled Temporary Migrants: Effects of Visa Pathways and Job Portability, International Migration 52, no. 3 (September 2013): 8598.

42 Matthew Goodwin and Caitlin Milazzo, Taking Back Control? Investigating the Role of Immigration in the 2016 Vote for Brexit, The British Journal of Politics and International Relations 19, no. 3 (2017): 45064; Sofia Vasilopoulou, UK Euroscepticism and the Brexit Referendum, The Political Quarterly 87, no. 2 (AprilJune 2016): 21927; and Italo Colantone and Piero Stanig, Global Competition and Brexit, American Political Science Review 112, no. 2 (May 2018): 20118.

43 David M. Rankin, Borderline Interest or Identity? American and Canadian Opinion on the North American Free Trade Agreement, Comparative Politics 36, no. 3 (April 2004): 33151.

44 Connor Huff and Dustin Tingley, Who Are These People? Evaluating the Demographic Characteristics and Political Preferences of MTurk Survey Respondents, Research &Politics 2, no. 3 (July 2015); Kevin J. Mullinix et al., The Generalizability of Survey Experiments, Journal of Experimental Political Science 2, no. 2 (Winter 2015): 10938; Scott Clifford, Ryan M. Jewell, and Philip D. Waggoner, Are Samples Drawn from Mechanical Turk Valid for Research on Political Ideology?, Research &Politics 2, no. 4 (October 2015); and Antonio A. Arechar, Simon Gchter, and Lucas Molleman, Conducting Interactive Experiments Online, Experimental Economics 21, no. 1 (March 2018): 99131.

45 This sample size is adequate for evaluating nationwide opinion, but caution should be used when interpreting regional variations.

46 Question wording: Would you support allowing Canadian citizens to [live, but not work / live and work] in the United States indefinitely? Canadians would [not have / have] access to American welfare programs. [-blank / In exchange, American citizens would receive reciprocal treatment in Canada.] Answer wording: Iwould support this policy / Iwould not support this policy.

47 Twotailed; pvalue 0.05.

48 ATN visa classification also exists for Mexican citizens, but its requirements are significantly stricter.

49 TN NAFTA Professionals, Temporary Workers, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, last updated March 7, 2017, https://www.uscis.gov/working-united-states/temporary-workers/tn-nafta-professionals.

50 This essay is largely based on David Bier, StateSponsored Visas: New Bill Lets States Invite Foreign Workers, Entrepreneurs, and Investors, Cato Institute Immigration Research and Policy Brief no. 2, May 11, 2017.

51 Nonimmigrant Classes, 8C.F.R. 214.2(h)(2) (2019).

52 Nonimmigrant Classes, 8C.F.R. 214 (2019).

53 David Bier, Do Guest Workers Overstay? Not Often, Niskanen Center, March 12, 2015.

54 Citizenship and Immigration Canada, Evaluation of the Provincial Nominee Program, September 2011.

55 Facts &Figures 2015: Immigration OverviewPermanent ResidentsAnnual IRCC Updates, Government of Canada, last modified May 3, 2017.

56 Brandon Fuller and Sean Rust, StateBased Visas: AFederalist Approach to Reforming U.S. Immigration Policy, Cato Institute Policy Analysis no. 748, April 23, 2014; Subclass 188: Business Innovation and Investment (Provisional) Visa, Department of Home Affairs, Australian Government, last updated March 5, 2020, https://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Visa-1/188-; Subclass 187: Regional Sponsored Migration Scheme Visa, Department of Home Affairs, Australian Government, last updated March 5, 2020, https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/regional-sponsor-migration-scheme-187; Subclass 190: Skilled Nominated Visa, Department of Home Affairs, Australian Government, last updated March 5, 2020, https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-nominated-190; Subclass 489: Skilled Regional (Provisional) Visa, Department of Home Affairs, Australian Government, last updated March 5, 2020, https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-regional-provisional-489; and Australian State Sponsored Visa: SkilledNominated (Provisional) Visa (subclass 489), Australian Visa Bureau.

57 Department of Immigration and Border Protection, 201516 Migration Programme Report, Australian Government, June 30, 2016, p. 11.

58 Roslyn Cameron, Responding to Australias Regional Skill Shortages through Regional Skilled Migration, Journal of Economic and Social Policy 14, no. 3 (2011): 4.

59 Permanent ResidentAd Hoc IRCC (Specialized Datasets), Government of Canada, last modified March 3, 2018; and Overseas Arrivals and Departures, Department of Home Affairs, Australian Government, last updated February 26, 2020.

60 Congress specifically preserved such authority for the States , Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting, 563 U.S. 582, 60001 (2011).

61 U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, EB-5 Adjudications Policy, PM-6020083, May 30, 2013; Conrad 30 Waiver Program, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services; Mark Spivey, Report: Rural Health aTarget for Harm by Trump Travel Ban, RAC Monitor, February 8, 2017; and About the SEVIS Help Hub, Study in the States, Department of Homeland Security, last updated January 25, 2018.

62 Liz Robbins, CUNY Schools to Lure Foreign Entrepreneurs with New Visa Program, New York Times, February 17, 2016; The Global Entrepreneur in Residence (GEIR) Program, Innovation Institute, MassTech Collaborative, accessed March 10, 2020, https://innovation.masstech.org/projects-and-initiatives/global-entrepreneur-residence-pilot-program; and Colorado Law, The University of Colorado Global Entrepreneurs in Residence Pilot Program, University of Colorado Boulder, https://siliconflatirons.org/documents/newsletters/EIR%20Flyer.pdf.

63 Dirk Hegen, State Laws Related to Immigrants and Immigration (Washington: National Conference of State Legislatures, July 24, 2008); and Kirk Siegler, Three Years On, Utahs Immigrant Guest Worker Law Still Stalled, NPR, July 31, 2014.

64 S.J.R. 12, 2011 Gen. Sess. (Ut. 2011); H.B. 469, 2011 Gen. Sess. (Ut. 2011); H.B. 466, 2011 Gen. Sess. (Ut. 2011); and H.B. 116, 100 Gen. Sess. (Ut. 2011).

65 Dirk Hegen, 2007 Enacted State Legislation Related to Immigrants and Immigration (Washington: National Conference of State Legislatures, January 31, 2008); Kansas Seeks Waiver for Undocumented Workers to Solve Farm Crisis, Fox News, last updated December 23, 2016; S.R. 715, 151st Gen. Assemb., Reg. Sess. (Ga. 2012); and Monica Davey, Immigrants Seen as Way to Refill Detroit Ranks, New York Times, January 23, 2014.

66 Jon Johnson, Konopnickis Guest Worker Bill Passes Committee, Eastern Arizona Courier, February 20, 2008; and Alex Nowrasteh, Immigration Reform: Let the States Lead the Way, oped, Los Angeles Times, June 16, 2015.

67 NewsOn6.com and Wire Reports, Oklahoma State Senator Plans to Propose Guest Worker Program Bill, News 9, December 14, 2012; H.B. 3735, 84th Leg., Reg. Sess. (Tx. 2015); and S.B. 14, 50th Leg., 2nd Sess. (Nm. 2012).

68 Regional Data, Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, accessed March 11, 2020, https://www.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?reqid=70&step=1&isuri=1&acrdn=2#reqid=70&step=1&isuri=1.

69 Local Area Unemployment Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor.

70 David Rogers, Senate Passes $787 Billion Stimulus Bill, Politico, updated February 16, 2009.

71 American Farm Bureau Federation, Statement by Bob Stallman, President, American Farm Bureau Federation, Regarding Final H2A Rule, ImmigratonWorks USA, February 12, 2010.

72 Occupational Employment Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor.

73 Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, ForeignBorn Workers: Labor Force Characteristics2015, news release no. USDL-160989, May 19, 2016, https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/forbrn_05192016.pdf.

74 Bureau of Labor Statistics, Major Industries with Highest Employment, by State, 19902015, TED: The Economics Daily, Department of Labor, August 5, 2016.

75 Jeffrey S. Passel and DVera Cohn, Size of U.S. Unauthorized Immigrant Workforce Stable after the Great Recession, Pew Research Center, November 3, 2016; and Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, Labor Force Characteristics2015.

76 State Sponsored Visa Pilot Program Act of 2017, S. 1040, 115th Cong. (2017); and State Sponsored Visa Pilot Program Act of 2019, H.R. 5174, 116th Cong. (2019).

77 Elizabeth Fussell, Warmth of the Welcome: Attitudes toward Immigrants and Immigration Policy in the United States, Annual Review of Sociology 40 (July 2014): 47998; and Chris Lawton and Robert Ackrill, Hard Evidence: How Areas with Low Immigration Voted Mainly for Brexit, The Conversation, July 8, 2016.

78 Michael A. Clemens, Global Skill Partnerships: AProposal for Technical Training in aMobile World, IZA Journal of Labor Policy 4, no. 2 (January 2015).

79 Michael Clemens, Claudio Montenegro, and Lant Pritchett, Bounding the Price Equivalent of Migration Barriers, Center for Global Development Working Paper no. 428, June 2016.

80 Ronald Brownstein, Places with the Fewest Immigrants Push Back Hardest against Immigration, CNN, August 22, 2017.

81 Jonathan Woetzel et al., People on the Move: Global Migrations Impact and Opportunity (McKinsey Global Institute, December 2016); and Florence Jaumotte, Ksenia Koloskova, and Sweta Saxena, Migrants Bring Economic Benefits for Advanced Economies, IMFBlog, October 24, 2016.

82 Ricardo Gambetta and Zivile Gedrimaite, Municipal Innovations in Immigrant Integration: 20 Cities, 20 Good Practices, American Cities Series (Washington: National League of Cities, Municipal Action for Immigrant Integration, 2010).

83 Xi Huang and Cathy Yang Liu, Welcoming Cities: Immigration Policy at the Local Government Level, Urban Affairs Review 54, no. 1 (2018): 332.

84 Griff Witte, Trump Gave States the Power to Ban Refugees. Conservative Utah Wants More of Them, Washington Post, December 2, 2019.

85 Who We Are, About, Welcoming America, accessed February 17, 2020, https://www.welcomingamerica.org/about/who-we-are.

86 Huang and Yang Liu, Welcoming Cities.

87 Sponsor aRefugee, Government of Canada, last modified December 3, 2019, https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/refugees/help-outside-canada/private-sponsorship-program.html.

88 Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada, Rapid Impact Evaluation of the Syrian Refugee Initiative, December 2016.

89 Subclass 489: Skilled Regional (Provisional) Visa, Department of Home Affairs, Australian Government, last updated March 5, 2020, https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-regional-provisional-489.

90 Rural and Northern Immigration Pilot: About the Pilot, Government of Canada, last modified January 14, 2020, https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/rural-northern-immigration-pilot.html.

91 Chae Chan Ping v. United States, 130 U.S. 581, 603 (1889).

92 R. Eric Petersen and Sarah J. Eckman, Congressional Nominations to U.S. Service Academies: An Overview and Resources for Outreach and Management (Washington: Congressional Research Service, 2017), pp. 1, 9, 18.

93 Trump v. Hawaii, 585 U.S. ___ (2018).

94 Dan Mangan, Trump Calls for MeritBased Immigration System in Address to Congress, CNBC Markets, February 27, 2017, https://www.cnbc.com/2017/02/28/trump-calls-for-merit-based-immigration-system-in-congress-speech.html.

95 Harriet Duleep and Mark Regets, FamilyFriendly and HumanCapitalBased Immigration Policy, IZA World of Labor 389 (October 2017).

96 Michael Lewis, Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game (New York: W. W. Norton &Co., 2003).

97 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration (Washington: The National Academies Press, 2017); and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, The Integration of Immigrants into American Society (Washington: The National Academies Press, 2015).

98 Immigration and Nationality Act, 8U.S.C. 1182(a)(9)(B) (2012).

99 Michelangelo Landgrave and Alex Nowrasteh, Criminal Immigrants in 2017: Their Numbers, Demographics, and Countries of Origin, Cato Institute Immigration Research and Policy Brief no. 11, March 4, 2019.

100 This essay and planks are partly based on The IDEAL Immigration Policy, IDEAL Immigration, https://www.idealimmigration.us/policy.

Excerpt from:
12 New Immigration Ideas for the 21st Century - Cato Institute

Like millions of American workers, an Indian software engineer, a British market researcher and an Iranian architect lost their jobs amid the coronavirus pandemic. Unlike Americans, they are not entitled to unemployment benefits, despite paying taxes, because they are on foreign work visas. And, if they fail to find similar jobs soon, they must leave the country.

Rejish Ravindran analyzed data for a national footwear retailer, helping make sales projections and investment decisions. After hiring him on an H-1B skilled-worker visa nearly two years ago, the company recently sponsored his application for legal permanent residency, a process that takes several years to complete.

It was going good. I thought I would be in Michigan forever. We were going to buy a house and settle down here, said Mr. Ravindran, 35, who lives in Grand Rapids, Mich. His wife, Amrutha, a nurse, was finishing a course and hoped to put her training to use soon.

But battered by the coronavirus outbreak, the retailer furloughed Mr. Ravindran last month, which is not allowed under the terms of his visa. So two days later, the company terminated him.

Everything came crashing down, said Mr. Ravindran, who arrived in the United States in 2012.

Now, he is scrambling to find another job before the 60-day grace period for transferring his visa to another employer expires early next month. He is not optimistic.

The lives of tens of thousands of foreign workers on skilled-worker visas, such as H-1Bs, have been upended by the economic fallout from the Covid-19 crisis. Many have been waiting in a backlog for several years to obtain permanent legal residency through their employer, and now face the prospect of deportation.

The Trump administration is also expected within the next few weeks to halt the issuance of new work visas such as the H-1B, for high skilled foreigners, and the H-2B, for seasonal employment. The new measures under review, according to two current and two former government immigration officials, would also eliminate a program that enables foreign graduates of American universities to remain in the country and work.

The tightening work rules come as unemployment in the U.S. soared last month to 14.7 percent, the highest level on record, and as calls escalated in Congress for Americans to be given priority for jobs.

Given the extreme lack of available jobs for American job-seekers as portions of our economy begin to reopen, it defies common sense to admit additional foreign guest workers to compete for such limited employment, a group of Republican senators said in a letter last week calling for a suspension of new visas to guest workers who have not yet entered the country.

For those already rooted in the U.S., the consequences of canceling the existing visas are life-altering, said Shev Dalal-Dheini, director of government relations for the American Immigration Lawyers Association.

They have been thrown into limbo. Its not like they can go and just find any job, like at a pizza place, Ms. Dalal-Dheini said. A new job must meet specific criteria for the visa, such as by paying a certain salary and requiring at least a bachelors degree.

Ms. Dalal-Dheinis association of 15,000 lawyers has asked United States Citizenship and Immigration Services to extend the grace period, giving H-1B holders at least 90 days after the public health emergency has ended to find employment.

An agency spokesman did not address whether an extension was under consideration. He said the agency would continue to monitor the coronavirus and assess various options related to temporary worker programs.

Since taking office, President Trump has thrust immigration and job displacement onto center stage, introducing a series of policies to curtail both legal and illegal immigration. More recently, his administration has cited the pandemic to justify even stricter restrictions.

On April 22, Mr. Trump suspended the entry of new immigrants for 60 days. Less noticed in his proclamation was the order to the secretaries of labor and homeland security for a speedy review of nonimmigrant work visa programs.

There are about 500,000 people on H-1B visas in the United States, according to estimates by Daniel Costa, a researcher at the Economic Policy Institute. More than 70 percent of them are Indians, and many of them technology workers. About 220,000 people were enrolled in the 2018-19 academic year in the Optional Practical Training program, which allows foreign students to work after completing their studies.

The strong economy had fueled brisk demand for foreign workers in recent years, with H-1B applications by private companies far outstripping the annual supply of 85,000, a situation that prompted the government to resort to a lottery to award them.

But proponents of limiting immigration say that if there was ever a time to prioritize American workers, it is now.

If an H-1B visa holder is terminated from their job and is unable to find another employer willing to sponsor them, they should go back home, said Kevin Lynn, executive director of Progressives for Immigration Reform, which advocates for American technology workers.

American citizens with foreign partners on visas are also affected.

Andrew Jenkins and Krista York of Minnesota began more than a year ago to plan their wedding. The couple had settled on getting married Aug. 22 at the majestic Cathedral of St. Paul, where Ms. Yorks grandparents were married decades ago and she was confirmed in the church as a teenager. Then the coronavirus struck.

Ms. York was furloughed. Mr. Jenkins, who is British, lost his job as a market research analyst. Because he is on an H-1B visa, Mr. Jenkins is not eligible for unemployment. Its far from ideal to not have any income when youre planning your wedding, said Mr. Jenkins, 27.

Whats worse, the couple said, is that Mr. Jenkins is in a race against time to find him another job before his visa expires in July.

Unless he succeeds, they may have to hurriedly get married at a courthouse so that Mr. Jenkins can salvage his immigrant status by filing an application for a green card through a spouse. If that happens, the couple will not be allowed to hold a religious ceremony at the cathedral.

Everything is ready to go for the cathedral. But if we have to get married on paper, well have to find another church, said Ms. York, 27.

Bahar Shirkhanloo of Iran completed a masters degree in architecture two years ago and used the Optional Practical Training program to get a job at a firm in Chicago, where she is part of a team that designs high-rise residential buildings.

Early this year, the firm decided to sponsor her for a green card. But she was abruptly terminated in early April when projects came to a standstill, leaving her with 60 days, under the terms of the program, to find a new job.

Im applying every day, everywhere in the U.S. you can think of, said Ms. Shirkhanloo, 28. Most often, she hears the same thing: They are interested, but, for now, theres a hiring freeze.

In Michigan, Mr. Ravindran is contemplating selling his 2013 Honda Accord to make the rent and pay outstanding bills, including $6,000 for a hospital visit by his wife last year.

The son of a tea stall owner and the first to attend college in his family, the software engineer said that if he ends up having to return to India, I want to clear all my debts. I need to make a smooth exit from the U.S.

But there is a wrinkle: Commercial flights to India have been suspended since that country went into lockdown in March. While the government recently started repatriating some Indians stranded abroad, it has stipulated that pregnant women, older people and those with medical conditions will have priority.

That could put someone like Mr. Ravindran at risk of overstaying his visa, which could jeopardize his ability to live in the United States in the future.

If I dont find a new job, I cant stay here, he said.

See the original post here:
Immigrants on H-1B and Other Work Visas May Face Deportation - The New York Times

Congressional candidate Katie Witt of Kaysville says that construction of President Trump's nearly 2,000-mile border wall is a critical step in the process of immigration reform.

KAYSVILLE Congressional candidate Katie Witt of Kaysville believes that the solution to fixing Americas broken borders can be found in the will, the wall and the way.

Before it was pushed to the back burner by the coronavirus, Witt says immigration reform was very much a hot topic on the minds of voters in Utahs 1st Congressional District.

I cant even remember our great nation having a functioning immigration system, the Kaysville mayor explains. We need to address immigration reform in a comprehensive fashion, because the problem is about more than just our borders. Our broken immigration system affects every community in America.

Witt says that the first step in resolving our immigration crisis has to be developing the political will to address the issue honestly for the first time in a long time.

U.S. Rep. Carol Miller, R-West Virginia, strongly agrees with that view. In a video town hall conversation with Witt, Miller said the issue of immigration reform needs to be approached with good judgment, logic and intelligence.

The debate on immigration has too often been based strictly on emotion, according to Miller. That has led to border patrol agents and other officials being demonized by advocates of open borders.

The second step, Witt says, is enhancing border security with the wall being built along the nearly 2,000-mile U.S.-Mexican border. After many legal and political battles, the Trump administration reports that the first 500-mile stretch of that barrier is scheduled to be completed by November of this year.

Miller said that thanks to President Donald Trumps dogged determination to push that project ahead, the Department of Homeland security has reported that illegal border crossings have been declining for the past eight months.

Witt and Miller say that the wall is necessary for both legal and humanitarian reasons.

Weve got to know who is entering our country, Witt explains. If we dont, then were not a sovereign nation.

Miller adds that the wall will help to slow the movement of drugs across the southern border, particularly illegal pain pills that fuel the ongoing opioid crisis.

Border security is also compassionate, Witt insists, since it will help to curtail human trafficking that leaves illegal immigrants vulnerable to criminal elements here in the United States.

Once the southern border is sealed, Witt believes that Congress will be able to find a way to develop a merit-based immigration system that allows deserving people to come here and become citizens.

Our current immigration system is unsafe, unfair and downright wrong, Witt emphasizes. Weve made it easy to enter the U.S. the wrong way and hard to enter the right way. Obviously, we need to reverse that situation.

We all want good people to come here. Miller says. After all, we were all immigrants once upon a time. But it is very important to get control of immigration because so many of our other problems are made worse by the current situation.

Read the original here:
Candidate says Congress needs the will, the wall and the way - Cache Valley Daily