Archive for August, 2017

Paragon Software releases Hard Disk Manager 16 Preview for free – BetaNews

We used to be a huge Paragon Software supporter, met the company a few times inLondon to discuss strategies, but in the past couple of years it has almost completely disappeared under the radar, despite having a fantastic range of products across its portfolio. Whilst Acronis and our friends at O&O Software have powered forward, Paragon appears to have taken a step back.

Whether this is because it is focusing on its core market, Germany, or it moved in to the corporate market, its unclear. Either way, wed still recommend its products and and wrote about the updated Paragon Backup & Recovery 16 Free the other week.

This week we were surprised to see a free public preview of Paragon Hard Disk Manager 16, available to download right now. Normally the v15 Suite alone retails for $49.95, so this featured-packed hard drive maintenance toolkit is worth a download whilst available for free, preview or otherwise.

What isHard Disk Manager 16, exactly?You receive four key modules designed to keep your drives in check. The Backup & Recovery module will backup your files and folders (or an entire drive) to a network drive or cloud. The Partition Manager enables you to keep your drive running smoothly by re-arranging your drive contents so they are accessed in a more logical manner.

If you want to dispose of your PC or an external drive, then the Disk Wiper module will safely and securely clear the drive using 10 different deletion algorithms to make sure your data cannot be recovered. The Drive Copy module is useful if you want to migrate your drive (or drive contents) to another computer or external drive. There is a full suite of recovery tools, including producing bootable media, if you need to get back in to your computer or find lost files in the future.

So, whats new in v16? You tell us. As weve mentioned in the past, software developers appear to be running out of ideas, especially since "Windows 10 support" has long since beenused to justify major paid-for updates. Seriously, you do get a completely brand new user-interface which, according to Paragon Software, required 100 meetings and 400 pages of UI mockups to get right. Good to see it wasnt time wasted then.

The good news is, the preview will never expire, so its worth downloading either the 32-bit or 64-bit version of Hard Disk Manager 16 right now.

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Paragon Software releases Hard Disk Manager 16 Preview for free - BetaNews

Newton Free Library announces August programs – Wicked Local Newton

330 Homer St., Newton, MA 02459. 617-796-1360

All programs are free and open to the public; parking is free. The Newton Free Library is handicapped accessible.

Visit newtonfreelibrary.net.

All programs take place in Druker Auditorium unless otherwise noted. In case of inclement weather, call 617-796-1360 or visit http://newtonfreelibrary.net to see if we have closed due to a storm.

The library is closed on Sundays in August.

Programs and events

The library offers Newton residents discounted passes to over 20 area museums including the Boston Harbor Islands, the Childrens Museum, the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Garden in the Woods, the Museum of Science and more. To reserve passes: http://newtonfreelibrary.net; 617-796-1360.

Mayor Setti Warrens Summer Reading Challenge: June 21 through Sept. 1. Kids in preschool through grade 12, get involved in Mayor Setti Warrens Summer Reading Challenge as they explore the theme Build a Better World with programs throughout the summer. Works toward a goal for kids going into preschool through grade five to read 1,000,000 minutes and 400,000 minutes for teens and tweens going into grades 612. To sign up, log minutes, go on adventures, write book reviews and check out the summer reading lists: http://newtonma.gov/summerread.

Talk to Us!: Newton Talks is an oral history project that is being conducted through the collaborative efforts of the library, the Newton Senior Center, Historic Newton and Crossing Generations. The first phase of the project will be interviewing veterans who live or have lived in Newton. Info contact Ilana Levine at 617-796-1670 or ilevine@newtonma.gov. Pick up an information packet and the necessary forms at the librarys Circulation Desk or the Senior Center.

Ongoing Help for Area Small Business Owners: Every Thursday SCORE volunteers will provide area small business owners with free, one-hour counseling and advice sessions. SCORE (Service Corps of Retired Executives), Americas premier source of free and confidential small business advice for entrepreneurs and small businesses, is a nonprofit association dedicated to entrepreneur education and the formation, growth and success of small business nationwide. Register (required) at scoreboston.org or call 617-565-5591.

Lets Talk: 10 a.m. Aug. 16 and 23, and 12:30 Aug. 22, third floor Rear Arc. Free conversation group for all levels of adult English Language Learners. No registration necessary. Drop-in.

BLOOD DRIVE: 2-7 p.m. Aug. 16.

ECLIPSE HAPPENINGS: 4 p.m. Aug. 16. Hands on activities and crafts to explore what a solar eclipse is all about. For kids entering grades K-2. Space limited. Tickets available 15 minutes before the program.

TWEEN CRAFTERNIGHT: 7 p.m. Aug. 16, second floor Teen Area. This summer the Teen Crafternoons will be meeting at night. Those interested can check the librarys website to see what the group will be making. For grades five to seven.

Tech Time: 24 p.m. Aug. 17 and 24, Study Room 2H behind the second floor Computer Center. Each person gets 30 minutes for advice. The sessions are for educational and informational help only. No repairs. Patrons can sign up for one session every other week. Register online.

IRISH, SCOTTISH AND ENGLISH FOLK MUSIC: 7 p.m. Aug. 17. Colleen White (vocals, flute, tin whistle) and Sean Smith (vocals, guitar, bouzouki, bodhran) will perform vocal and instrumental music from the Irish, Scottish and English folk traditions. As a duo they incorporate modern influences into their arrangements of songs and tunes that have been handed down through generations, enhancing this old/new dynamic by including works from contemporary folk music songwriters such as Kate Rusby, Karine Polwart and Steve Tilston, among others.

LEARN TO PRACTICE MEDITATION AND YOGA: 7 p.m. Aug. 17, third floor Rear Arc. Sitting meditation and yoga sessions offered every other week. Breathing and meditation practice helps cleanse the body mind complex enhancing the feeling of well-being, bringing clarity and calmness within. Attendees participate in gentle yoga poses, breathing practices and guided meditation. Participants can use a chair or sit on the floor. No previous experience required.

SAT AND ACT PRACTICE TESTS: 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Aug. 19, Druker Auditorium. Students take full-length SAT and ACT practice tests under realistic testing conditions proctored by the Princeton Review. They can try their hand at the types of questions they will see on the real tests and get a personalized score report highlighting your strengths and areas of improvement. Offered two Saturdays in a row, so students can have the chance to take both tests, or take one test twice. Online registration.

GAME NIGHT: 6-8:30 p.m. Aug. 21, third floor Language Center desk area. Participants drop in and play board games. They can bring their own or use the librarys. Lots of games will be available, like Settlers of Catan, King of Tokyo and more. For ages 16 and older. No registration required.

END OF SUMMER GLOW-IN-THE-DARK PARTY: 7 p.m. Aug. 21, Druker Auditorium. Attendees celebrate the end of summer with glow-in-the-dark activities, food, crafts and more. For teens, tweens and kids.

MANAGING YOUR MEMORY: 7 p.m. Aug. 22. Dr. Andrew Budson discusses: How brains work to store and retrieve memories; normal versus abnormal age-related memory loss; new treatments and diagnostic tools for memory loss; and how to use exercise, diet and other strategies to strengthen memory. Budson is the author of Seven Steps to Managing Your Memory: Whats Normal, Whats Not and What to Do About It. He is a researcher, clinician and educator. A book signing will follow with books provided by New England Mobile Book Fair.

3-D PRINTING FOR ADULTS: 10-11:30 a.m. Aug. 23, second floor Computer Center. Participants learn how to design 3-D objects using free computer aided design software and then print them on the librarys 3-D printer. For ages 18 and older. Register online.

BEST APP CLASS PRODUCTIVITY: 3-4 p.m. Aug. 23, second floor Computer Center. Attendees learn how to improve their productivity and get organized for school, work or life in general. Participants will start by cleaning up and streamlining their inbox. Then they will review Google Drive, Google Docs, Google Sheets, Google Slides, Google Forms and more. Register online.

August art shows and displays

GalleryCampfire by Julianne Martin: On view Aug. 230. Martin hopes her viewers will experience her paintings in a way that is similar to looking at the surface of water. From emptiness and depth rushes a true focus. She constructs her paintings on canvas with water and acrylic paint placing value in the unpredictability and purity of water as a tool and material. Ms. Martin teaches at Brookline Art Center, Arlington Center for the Arts and Boston preschools.

Main HallWithin the Landscape by Janet Shalstrom: On view Aug. 230. Shalstroms drawings reflect her origins in the countryside. An exploration of landscapes, they express the experience of looking within that landscape and finding that we can begin to see yet more worlds within one small sector of the larger world. Her media include common varieties of charcoal: compressed, vine and pencil. Shalstroms work has been exhibited in galleries and museums along the East Coast ranging from Maine to Virginia.

Atrium Case One: On view through Aug. 30. Visitors learn about Mayor Warrens Summer Reading Challenge for kids and teens. For information or to register: http://newtonma.gov/summerread.

Atrium Case 2: On view through Aug. 30. Celebrating 200 years of Henry David Thoreau, a prolific American writer. Explore the many ways that Thoreaus words and actions still hold relevance today. I love nature, I love the landscape, because it is so sincere.Journal, Nov. 16, 1850.

Three Main Hall cases: On view Aug. 230. Visitors see how Newton contributed to the American effort in World War Ithe men and women, the battles, the casualties, the artifacts. Here is your chance to transform the Great War from mere black-and-white shadows on television to a local affair. Related program at 7 p.m. Aug. 31.

Teen Gallery and second floor display cases: A Snapshot of Newton South Arts. The show will be on view through fall 2017 and includes a representative selection of work from Newton South High School Students. Frames donated by Eric Blomster of Abraxis Framing Company in Auburndale.

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Newton Free Library announces August programs - Wicked Local Newton

Kaspersky Free – PCMag India

Kaspersky Free offers full-scale basic malware protection that gets excellent scores from the independent labs, at no cost.

Aug. 7, 2017

Everybody needs the protection of a powerful, accurate antivirus utility. Is it fair to withhold this protection from those who can't afford it? Eugene Kaspersky, eponymous founder of Kaspersky Lab, thinks not. The brand-new Kaspersky Free offers the full power of the company's malware-fighting technology, minus frills and bonus features. It doesn't cost a thing, and independent testing labs give its protection excellent marks.

Like most free antivirus utilities, Kaspersky Free is only free for noncommercial use. During installation, you must create or log into your My Kaspersky account for full activation. The product also installs a toolbar for Chrome, Firefox, and Internet Explorer. Kaspersky Free automatically updates its antivirus database signatures in the background, but it couldn't hurt to manually call for an update right after installation.

Even though this is a simple, stripped-down product, it's still important for users to understand all its features. To that end, the installation winds up with a simple tour of important aspects of the software. I appreciate that the tour points out Kaspersky's on-screen keyboard, which some users might otherwise miss. More on this tool below.

The main window looks just like that of Kaspersky Internet Security, with one significant difference. It displays the same six icons as the suite does: Scan, Database Update, Safe Money, Privacy Protection, Parental Control, and Protection for All Devices. However, only Scan and Database Update are enabled in Kaspersky Free. Grayed-out icons with a royal crown overlay indicate that access to these features requires a premium upgrade.

Antivirus testing labs around the world do their best to evaluate security programs and determine which are the most effective. This isn't just a matter of scanning a million static malware samples to see how many the antivirus catches. Most of the labs work to create tests that simulate real-world conditions as closely as possible, and Kaspersky gets outstanding scores from almost all of them.

The one exception is Virus Bulletin's RAP (Reactive and Proactive) test. Kaspersky's score in this test is just average. However, I find that results of the RAP test don't necessarily track with the other labs; I give it less weight in my aggregate labs score calculation.

The researchers at SE Labs capture real-world malicious websites and use a web traffic playback system to expose all tested products to the exact same web-based attack. Products can earn certification at five levels: AAA, AA, A, B, and C. Like Avast, AVG, and most products in the latest test by this lab, Kaspersky received AAA certification.

AV-Comparatives certification works a bit differently. All products that earn the minimum passing score receive Standard certification, while those that do better than the minimum can earn certification at the Advanced or Advanced+ levels. In the four tests from this lab that I follow, Kaspersky received Advanced+ all four times. Bitdefender and Avira also managed to sweep all four tests.

Lab Test Results Chart

Tests by AV-Test Institute measure antivirus success on three criteria: protection against malware, low impact on performance, and few false positives to impact usability. Software can score up to six points in each of these categories. Kaspersky earned a perfect 18 points from this lab, as did Avira, Norton, and Trend Micro.

Most of the labs report their results as certification levels or numeric scores. With MRG-Effitas, products either achieve a near-perfect result or they fail, with no middle ground. In one test, anything but perfect defense is a failure. For the other test, a product that totally prevents all malware attacks earns level 1 certification. If some attacks get through, but the product fully remediates them afterward, that's level 2 certification. Kaspersky passed the first test and earned Level 1 certification in the second; it's the only recent product to do so.

Kaspersky's aggregate lab score, based on results from all five labs, is 9.8 of 10 possible points, a result also achieved by Bitdefender Antivirus Free Edition. Avira looks even better, with a perfect 10 points, but its results come from just three of the five labs. Tested by all five labs, both Avast and AVG earned 9.2 points, which is still quite good.

Kaspersky's file antivirus component scans files in real time when any process accesses them. The web antivirus watches for dangerous websites and downloads. And the IM and mail antivirus components check for dangerous attachments and phishing messages. On the Protection tab of the Settings page you can turn these on and offbut you should leave them on. Another 10 components show up as unavailable, meaning you'd have to upgrade to use them.

A full system scan of my standard clean test system took 30 minutes, which is quite good, considering that the current average is 45 minutes. Bitdefender and AVG both took over an hour, and Avira Antivirus required more than two hours. Like many antivirus products, Kaspersky performs optimization during the initial scan to speed subsequent scans. A second scan of the same test system finished in a speedy four minutes.

In theory, the real-time protection component should handle any malware attacks that occur after your initial full scan. However, you have the option to schedule a full scan or quick scan to run daily, each weekday, each weekend day, weekly, or monthly.

By default, Kaspersky refrains from bothering you when it detects malware, instead dealing with it automatically. Also by default, it doesn't meddle with objects that are probably (but not certainly) infected. For testing purposes, I disabled both of those features, forcing it to check all of its actions with me. Most users should leave those settings checked, allowing Kaspersky to take care of business silently.

To start the test, I simply opened the folder containing my current collection of malware samples. The minimal file access caused by Windows Explorer listing the files was sufficient to trigger a scan by Kaspersky's real-time protection. It disinfected virus-infested files and offered to delete non-virus malware. It identified a few samples as "legitimate software that can be used by criminals to damage your computer." I chose to delete those as well, figuring this category is similar to what other products call potentially unwanted applications, or PUAs.

When the notifications stopped after a few minutes, I found that Kaspersky had eliminated 57 percent of the samples, the same as Bitdefender. That's on the low sideEmsisoft Anti-Malware and IObit both wiped out 79 percent of the same samples on sight.

Continuing the test, I launched the samples that survived real-time protection. The results were disappointing. Matching Bitdefender once again, Kaspersky detected 79 percent of the samples overall. Some of those it detected managed to plant executable traces on the test system, dragging Kaspersky's overall score down to 7.2 of 10 possible points, just a hair above Bitdefender. Tested with the same sample collection, Emsisoft managed 9.4 points. Webroot and Comodo Antivirus achieved a perfect 10 points, but since they came up against my previous sample collection the results aren't directly comparable.

Malware Protection Results Chart

For another measure of malware protection, I use a feed of very new malware-hosting URLs supplied by MRG-Effitas. Typically, these are no more than a day old. I launch each URL and note how the antivirus reacts. Does it divert the browser away from the dangerous URL? Does it halt the download before it finishes? Does it eliminate the malware payload after download? I don't care how it handles the problem as long as it prevents the download.

Kaspersky exhibited a wide variety of reactions during this test. In many cases, it displayed a warning message in the browser, plus a pop-up notification that had it blocked a dangerous URL. It offered to block download of legitimate but dangerous software. It advised blocking pages containing adware. Despite this variety of responses, however, it only prevented 67 percent of the malware downloads. Norton holds the top score in this test, with 98 percent protection, and Avira managed 95 percent.

When my hands-on results don't sync with the results from the independent labs, especially when all of the labs are involved, I defer to the lab results. Still, I'd be happier with stellar results both in lab tests and in my own tests.

The same web protection mechanism that keeps your browser from reaching malware-hosting URLs also fends off phishing sites, fraudulent websites that try to steal your login credentials. In fact, you have to look closely to see just which type of protection is active. For malware-hosting sites, the warning page reports "dangerous URL." For phishing pages, it lets you know about a "threat of data loss."

Phishing websites are transitory things. The fraudsters aim to capture as many passwords as they can before they get backlisted, then they move on to new sites. For testing, I gather the newest phishing URLs I can find from sites that track such things. I launch each URL simultaneously in five browsers and note what happens in each. The product under test protects one browser, naturally, and another has Symantec Norton AntiVirus Basic (which I use as a baseline) at work smacking down frauds. The other three use the phishing protection built into Chrome, Firefox, and Internet Explorer.

If any of the browsers throws an error message instead of loading the URL, I toss it. If the page doesn't actively attempt to mimic a secure site and steal login credentials, I toss it. When I've got data on 100 or so valid frauds, I calculate a score.

Phishing Protection Results Chart

Phishing is more of an art than a science. The clever ploy that gets past detection one week may be a flop the next week. Because of this, I report the difference in each product's detection rate from the other browsers, rather than a hard number. Kaspersky's detection rate came in just one percentage point behind Norton's. Last time I tested Kaspersky, it actually did better than Norton, but coming very close is still quite goodbetter than about 80 percent of competing products.

Kaspersky also did better than the protection built into all three browsers. That may not seem like a feat, but more than half of current products failed to beat at least one of the three, and over 20 percent scored lower than all of them. Bitdefender is the current champion in this test, with a detection rate 12 percentage points better than Norton's.

Avast's free edition fared much worse in this test, coming in 57 points behind Norton; the paid Avast did better. AVG AntiVirus Free lagged 70 points behind Norton. Chrome and Internet Explorer beat both Avast and AVG in this test. Kaspersky definitely tops these two as far as phishing protection goes.

You might think that security companies in general would limit what they give away, reserving the best features for paying customers. In some cases, that's true, but other companies give you a ton of goodies to go along with your free antivirus protection. AVG comes with the Zen remote management tool, a secure deletion shredder, and a web protection component that marks up dangerous search results and actively foils trackers. With Avira, the bonus features come as separate installations, including a free, bandwidth-limited edition of Avira's Phantom VPN, a privacy-centered browser, a vulnerability scanner, and a price comparison tool.

Avast Free Antivirus really piles on the bonuses, at no charge. Its Wi-Fi Inspector checks all networks, wired or wireless, for security problems, and recommends fixes. It includes a full-featured (if basic) password manager, a vulnerability scanner, and an ad-stripping browser that switches to hardened Bank Mode for financial transactions. It marks up dangerous links in search results, watches for URL typos, and (like Avira) seeks better prices when you're shopping online.

As with Bitdefender Antivirus Free Edition, Kaspersky's bonus feature collection is sparse by comparison. You can activate its previously mentioned on-screen keyboard to type passwords without any chance of capture by a keylogger, even a hardware keylogger. And it installs a free, bandwidth-limited edition of Kaspersky Secure Connection VPN. To be fair, even in Kaspersky's full security suite products, the VPN comes with the same 200MB per day bandwidth limit. Rounding out the free edition's bonus features is a simple search markup system that flags dangerous links and, with a click, identifies the relevant type of danger.

See How We Test Security Software

Eugene Kaspersky referred to Kaspersky Free as "the indispensable basics that no one on the planet should do without." The emphasis here is on basics. While Kaspersky Free does contain all of Kaspersky's basic antivirus technology, some features only appear in the paid edition. For example, at one point during my testing the antivirus suggested running the Microsoft Windows Troubleshooter, but advised that doing so would require an update to a paid edition. Other features present in the paid antivirus but not in the free edition include creation of a bootable Kaspersky Rescue Disk, cleaning traces of browsing activity and computer activity, and scanning the system for vulnerabilities.

The free edition does offer the same file, web, instant messaging, and mail antivirus components found in the paid edition, but it doesn't include the System Watcher component. Among its other skills, System Watcher can roll back malware activity, including ransomware activity. When I tested Kaspersky Anti-Virus with all protection components except System Watcher turned off, it correctly identified a half-dozen ransomware samples as malware (though it didn't specifically call them out as ransomware).

Finally, the free edition doesn't offer the advanced technical support granted to paid users. You can root around in the FAQs and documentation, or post questions in the forums. But you can't get the phone and live chat help that paid users enjoy.

If you're a Kaspersky enthusiast or a security-conscious person on a tight budget, you'll love the fact that Kaspersky Free gives you all the basics of antivirus protection at no charge. This is the same malware-fighting technology that gets top scores from the independent labs, and it also earned a very good score in our hands-on antiphishing test. It's true that it didn't do so well in our other hands-on tests, but when the labs all praise a product, we listen.

This product is completely free, so you can install it and have a look for yourself without spending a penny. But if you do, we suggest you also take a look at Editors' Choices Avast Free Antivirus and AVG AntiVirus Free. Both get great lab scores (though not quite as high as Kaspersky's) and they also pack a bundle of useful security bonus features at no charge.

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Kaspersky Free - PCMag India

Gun Control: How To Solve The Second Amendment – Mintpress News (blog)

The Second Amendment is not limited to a simple sentence. It is of critical importance that it could have been left at that, a simple sentence making a straightforward declaration about a right of the people, but it was not.

A Colt M4 rifle and a button that reads I Vote Proud Washington Gun Owner.

OPINION In my lifetime gun control has become as explosive as any political issue in this country can be. To my mind, all we need to do to settle that issue once and for all is to read the Second Amendment and do what it says.

Here it is:A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

One possible interpretation of that wording is that the whole rationale for a militia has been eliminated. The idea of a standing army was the single thing that struck the most fear into the hearts of those who authored the Constitution. Since they would brook no standing army, having a militia would be necessary to the security of the Union. Since we now have a standing army, plus a National Guard that has been called out in more than one time of crisis, a militia really is unnecessary. Since a militia is unnecessary, the rationalein the Amendmentfor a right to keep and bear arms no longer exists.

On the other hand, there is nothing particularly wrong with having a militia. So, why not have a well-regulated militia (or a unit of the militia) in each state? If one wanted to keep and bear arms, one would have to be a member in good standing of the militia in the state of which one was a citizen.

People who want an utterly unfettered right to keep and bear arms dont like that idea. As I understand it, they offer four main arguments to support their point of view. Those are: the original language argument; the subordinate clause argument; the protection against tyranny argument; and the self-defense argument. All of those arguments are offered in support of their contention thatthe Second Amendment asserts an unfettered right to keep and bear arms.

My understanding of those arguments leans heavily onThe Second Amendment Primer, by Les Adams, though I have also participated in discussions on this topic, including face-to-face and via the internet. In the Introduction of his book Mr. Adams informs us that he is a lawyer who had studied constitutional law in law school who was gradually led to investigate the controversy surrounding the Second Amendment. I have also readThe Bill of Rights Primer,co-authored by that same Esq. Adams and Akhill Reed Amar. In both books scholarship is on impressive display.

Related |Marijuana, Gun Control, Minimum Wage Hikes Win At The Polls

In this critique of the argument concerning original language Ill focus on three terms, militia, well regulated, and security. Esq. Adams also talked about bear arms, but I wont bother with that. I suppose any term in the Amendment could be subject to debate, but Ill limit myself to three.

Mr.s Adams and Amar make the case that originally the right to keep and bear arms was a political right accruing to the people as a whole. According to them, it was widely thought at that time that the militia referred to all arms-bearing citizens, which in turn could be all adult malesthough some states would pass laws prohibiting people of (relatively recent) African heritage, even freemen, to own guns. The Constitution makes it very clear, however, that a/the militia was a specific organization (a point Ill revisit below).

As for well regulated, despite any talk of originalism, its meaning doesnt appear to have actually evolved. Esq. Adams says that then and there it meant well functioning and leaves it at that, but when it comes to organizations that is still what well regulated means. The U.S. Army, for example, has a whole book of Regulations for the sole purpose of ensuring that it will function well as an army.

There is another word in the amendment that I think bears some examination, even though it is one Mr. Adams and others, in my experience, ignore. That word is security. When I remembered the amendment, having read it some time ago, I remembered that word as defense, but the word in the amendment is definitely security.

It sounds too contemporary to be in that document. Why did they use that word instead of defense? As noted, the idea of a militia was prompted by the fear of a standing army. With no standing army, if the nation was attacked by a foreign power, an armed, well-regulated militia would be necessary for its defense. So why did they use security instead?

I submit that the answer lies in Section 8 of Article I of the Constitution, where the powers of Congress are enumerated, as in Congress shall have the power to. It then lists quite a few Tos. In one of them the militia is indisputably referred to as an organization: organizing it, funding it, etc.

That the Constitution addresses the militia in its original text, before the Bill of Rights was added to it, is not something people who want an unfettered right to keep and bear arms emphasize. Altogether, in the two books authored by Mr. Adams that point of interest is mentioned oncein the one he co-authored with Mr. Amar.

One of the powers explicitly given to Congress is To provide for calling forth the militia tosuppress Insurrections. Im saying that is why security is in the Second Amendment, not defense. Security includes defending democratic government against armed insurrection by people who, unable to prevail to their satisfaction politically, would use arms to impose their point of view on everyone else.

That brings us to the protection against tyranny argument. Some people would have us believe that the people who wrote the Constitution to institute a new government put the Second Amendment in the Bill of Rights to ensure that there would be people with guns available to perpetrate at their discretion in an armed insurrection against the government.

Related |The Facts That Neither Side Wants To Admit About Gun Control

That never made much sense to me. For sure, then as now, there were people who thought such protection against tyranny is a good thing, but the Constitution makes it clear that facilitating armed insurrection is not the purpose for having the militia. Tyranny has made an entrance more than once in human history through an armed insurrection.

Most fundamentally, this nation was founded on the proposition that power is the enemy of justice. No person, group, or organization is to be trusted with unfettered power.

Justice is all about containing power, keeping it on a leash, regulating it. That is why distrust of governmental power is completely validand a concern that I, a rationalist who is neither a conservative nor a liberal nor an adherent of any other ideology, share. [On my Web site,www.ajustsolution.com, I have a proposal for separating the power of printing money from government (andthe banking system)which would allow us to end all taxation and public debt, among other good things it would accomplish.]

Gun advocate Luke Crawford displays his rifle across his chest in protest at a gun control rally at the Georgia State Capitol in Atlanta. (Jaime Henry-White/AP)

Governmental power is not the only kind of power that exists, however. Having money is a form of power, too, which is one reason why many other people and I distrust Big Business. Having a gun in your hand is also a form of power. That is why many other people and I want to regulate in some way the ownership of guns.

Actually, for many who argue for an unfettered right to keep and bear arms any discussion of a/the militia is beside the point, anyway. Thats because all of that is contained, they say, in a subordinate clause. It is their contention that a subordinate clause, being subordinate, is of little or no importance compared to the main clause.

I am genuinely embarrassed for lawyers who would say such a thing and mean it. In the first place, I challenge anyone to show me any document ever written by any lawyer that didnt contain at least one subordinate clause in every sentence. Would they call those clauses meaningless verbiage? They would not.

In the English language subordinate clauses have always mattered, including the place and time of the writing of the Constitution. Those who suggest otherwise are confusing one of the words we use to describe the parts of a sentence with the more common meaning of the word subordinate.

In grammar, a clause is designated as being subordinate because it cannot stand alone as a complete sentence unto itself. It would make no sense to write, A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state.

On the other hand, consider writing, The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. That can stand alone as a sentence and make perfectly good sense. Grammatically, that is why that part of the Second Amendment is called a main clause.

Yet, the Second Amendment is not limited to that simple sentence. It is of critical importance that it could have been left at that, a simple sentence making a straightforward declaration about a right of the people, but it was not.

The authors of the Second Amendment wanted to say something more. They wanted to relate that right to something else. That is why they added a subordinate clause that did not have to be there in order for the Second Amendment to be grammatically and logically correct. If anything, that enhances the importance of that subordinate clause. It obviously refers to the militia of Section 8 of Article I of the Constitution.

That does not quite exhaust the arguments of those who want an unfettered right to keep and bear arms, however. Finally, we have the self-defense argument.

Plain and simply, that is not mentioned in the Second Amendment. Shame on the strict constructionists, much less the originalists among us who bring that topic into the discussion.

Related | Gun Control After Sandy Hook: Is There A Middle Ground?

Mr. Adams does include quite a few quotes from people who have supported a right to keep and bear arms on that ground. Many people may have voted for it on that ground. For one thing, there was no such thing as a police department in that place (or anywhere in Europe) at that time.

That does not make self-defense part of the Second Amendment as it was written. Just as the authors of that amendment could have left out the subordinate clause they included in it, they could have included a clause about self-defense, but did not.

In support of his point of view Mr. Adams does quote eight (but only eight) state constitutions that include a right to keep and bear arms. Only one of the eight includes any mention of self-defense.

In the primer on the Bill of Rights Esq. Adams co-authored, they discuss how the Fourteenth Amendment extended the applicability of the Bill of Rights to the individual states and suggest that it changed the focus of the intent of the right in question to self-defense. They argue that much of that change in focus had to do with allowing people of (relatively recent) African heritage to defend themselves against racists. What gun-hating Liberal could argue with that?

Whatever anyone else may say, and for whatever reason, I say the Fourteenth Amendment did not change the wording of the Second Amendment or explicitly introduce wording into the Constitution to change the intent of the Second Amendment. It still has all the same wordsand no morewith that pesky subordinate clause that did not have to be there still there.

So, let each state have a well-regulated militia (or a unit of the militia). While, again, Article I of the Constitution grants explicit powers to Congress regarding any militia, surely there is room in there for each state to specify what kind(s) of guns the members of the militia in that state may keep and bear, and whether a gun can be kept at homeor on ones personor not. To own a gun of any kind, however, a person would have to be a member in good standing of the militia in the state of which one was a citizen.

Stephen isa lifetime student of history, philosophy, and economics (with an M.A. in the last of those subjects) who has published essays and articles in various media, print and on-line (to include an academic journal,Contemporary Philosophy), and a book,A Just Solution.

The views expressed in this article are the authors own and do not necessarily reflect Mint Press News editorial policy.

Excerpt from:
Gun Control: How To Solve The Second Amendment - Mintpress News (blog)

2nd Amendment Foundation Issues Travel Advisory: Your Gun Rights Are No Good in California – Breitbart News

The gun rights group is warning law-abiding armed citizens that their civil rights could be in jeopardy due to that states restrictive gun control laws.

SAF founder and executive vice president Alan Gottlieb observed:

The California Legislature has been out of control for years when it comes to placing restrictions on the Second Amendment rights of honest citizens. Right now, I wouldnt suggest to any gun owner that they even travel through the state, much less to it as their final destination.

Lawmakers in Sacramento either ignored or have forgotten that in 2010, the U.S. Supreme Court incorporated the Second Amendment to the states via the 14th Amendment in SAFs landmark case ofMcDonald v. City of Chicago. The Second Amendments protection of the right to keep and bear arms applies to state and local governments, but they seem rather oblivious to that fact in the halls of Californias Legislature.

He added:

If you are licensed to carry in your home state, that license is not recognized in California. It doesnt matter how many background checks youve gone through or whether you took a gun safety course. Your license is no good in the Golden State, which suggests that your safety and the safety of your family are of no concern to state lawmakers or city administrators. You could be prosecuted for having a gun for personal protection, or you might get killed because you didnt.

Gottlieb is spot on. California refuses to recognize any concealed carry permit other the one they issue. This is an expression of Democratic hegemony whereby they have made concealed carry licenses extremely difficult for Californians to acquire fewer than 100,000 Californians have a license and they do not want to provide a means for additional law-abiding citizens to be armed via reciprocity.

What does this mean? It means that when a visitor from another state drives into California, he is not supposed to be armed, regardless of the number of out-of-state concealed permits he possesses or the risks associated with being defenseless. None of these things matter because the Democrats have spoken.

Gottliebs verdict: By not going to California, the life you save may be your own.

AWR Hawkins is the Second Amendment columnist for Breitbart News and host ofBullets with AWR Hawkins, a Breitbart News podcast. He is also the political analyst for Armed American Radio. Follow him on Twitter:@AWRHawkins. Reach him directly at awrhawkins@breitbart.com.

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2nd Amendment Foundation Issues Travel Advisory: Your Gun Rights Are No Good in California - Breitbart News