Archive for June, 2017

Non-Military Perspectives on Recent Developments in Libya – ReliefWeb

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Popular protests against the authoritarian rule of Colonel Muammar al-Gaddafi in Libya in February 2011 resulted in violent armed conflict between Gaddafis forces and rebel fighters. In March 2011, NATO implemented a no-fly zone to enforce UN Resolution 1973, which condemned the systematic violation of human rights by the Libyan authorities under Gaddafi and authorized member states to take all necessary measures to protect civilians and civilian populated areas. By October the same year, Libyas interim authorities declared the countrys official liberation from Gaddafis rule. General elections took place in July 2012, and Libya experienced a period of relative stability and growth.However, throughout 2013 and 2014, tensions grew between different political and militia factions. This resulted in the emergence of two distinct blocs. One bloc, comprised mainly of Islamist factions, sought the removal of Gaddafi-era officials from positions of power. The other blocopposed Islamist groups and believed former regime figures could continue to play a role in Libya. A second general election took place in June 2014; however, the Islamist political factions fared poorly. In response to the political defeat, Islamist-aligned militias took control of Tripoli by force, reinstated the previous government, and declared the 2014 elections unconstitutional. The newly-elected parliament fled to eastern Libya where they continued to meet. The result was two separate sets of governing institutions one in eastern Libya and the Islamistbacked government in Tripoli covering different parts of the country and with competing claims to legitimacy.

This fragmentation of Libyas social and political fabric led to instability, violence and confusion, particularly in the capital of Tripoli. As conflict escalated in 2014, many foreign embassies and international organisationsrelocated across the borderto Tunisia. International support also shiftedfrom high-level, governance-related programming to peace building assistance and humanitarian aid. Throughout 2015, the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) attempted to bring rival factions together to agree on a unity government. On 17 December 2015, partly as a result of UNSMILs efforts, Libyan representatives signed the Libyan Political Agreement (LPA) in Morocco, creating the Government of National Accord (GNA) that took power in Tripoli in March 2016.

However, conflict has continued to flare up across the country while daily living standards have dropped due to instability, damaged infrastructure and economic decline. The GNA has faced major difficulties in exerting control outside of Tripoli, while institutional reunification and political reconciliation efforts have been slow to gain traction. To date, Libya remains a deeply divided country where militias wield more power than politicians, and smugglers, people traffickers and jihadist groups are able to exploit the population.

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Non-Military Perspectives on Recent Developments in Libya - ReliefWeb

Libya: Once an Opportunity, Now Hell for Migrants – Asharq Al-awsat English

This file photo taken on April 01, 2017 shows migrants from West Africa waiting in a room at a "ghetto" in Agadez, northern Niger, as they wait to go to Libya from where they will attempt to reach Europe by crossing the Mediterranean sea. ISSOUF SANOGO / AFP

Agadez, Niger- Back in the days when Muammar Gaddafi was leader, Libya was billed as a top destination for those looking for jobs and money. But it has turned into the seventh circle of hell for migrants whose experiences range from exploitation verging on slavery to kidnapping and torture.

Migrants told Agence France Presse in Agadez, the main city in central Niger, about their suffering in Libya, which is in the grip of anarchy, controlled by a network of armed groups and militias, a place where African migrants are exposed to every form of abuse.

Now Libya is bad, bad, bad, said Ibrahim Ali, a native of Guinea-Bissau who has just returned to Agadez.

Exhausted by his trip back through the desert, this young man appears traumatized by the two years he spent working there.

Guns, everywhere guns. It no good any more, agrees Eric Manu, a 36-year-old bricklayer from Ghana who stayed there for several years.

Too much problems.

He said he left because of the unrest but also because wages had fallen by two-thirds and that hed had problems being paid.

You can work and they dont pay you.

Kante Sekou, a 27-year-old graduate, left Guinea in 2013 in the hope of getting to Europe.

But he gave up after reaching Libya where he spent a difficult time dodging both the police, who were arresting people, and the militias who were fighting each other.

He was finally taken on as a laborer on a construction site with a group of other migrants.

We were paid 15 dinars ($11/10 euros) per day and we had to hand over five of that for food. But we never saw any money. We would sometimes go three or four weeks without being paid, he said.

The food ran out and we didnt know what to do, recalls Sekou, who holds a degree in communications studies. In one village, we had to go into an abattoir (to find food). We took the leftovers camels feet and things like that which nobody wanted.

It didnt taste good but we had to do it.

One day, the workers were told the money had arrived, but Sekou wasnt paid what he was owed so he upped and left, moving to Misrata in the west where he worked as a decorator.

He also had a run-in with bandits, who routinely kidnap migrants and lock them up in makeshift prisons in order to extort a random.

Once, I had to jump out of a moving car to escape from armed men who wanted to take me away, he recalls. Others werent so lucky, such as 26-year-old Ibrahim Kande from Senegal who says anyone earning money which is usually sent home to support family is targeted by bandits.

If you earn money, the boys (armed men) catch you, beat you, and put you in prison not a normal prison, a private one, he says.

They lock you up and you have to pay between 200,000 and 500,000 CFA to get out the equivalent of 300-750 euros ($350-$850).

They call your parents and you have to tell them Send me the money or theyll kill me.

The money is picked up in the home country by an intermediary who gives the green light to free the captive, according to a modus operandi confirmed by multiple migrants.

Then, through various murky channels, the money is transferred to Libya.

They hit me many times, they kicked me, stabbed me, says Kande, showing scars on his forehead and on his leg. They robbed me three times. You cant sleep, youre always afraid. I suffered a lot.

Balde Aboubakar Sikiki from Kindia, a city in Guinea, was also kidnapped and held in a private prison.

They look like normal houses from the outside, but there are rooms where they lock you up. There are many people in there, says this 35-year-old.

He also says he was tortured before paying the ransom to get out.

They take you out of the cell and they beat you on the soles of your feet with batons or cables, he says. Such stories are rife among those who have returned from Libya.

Even so, there many people in Agadez who remain undeterred by such horror stories.

It will make the journey (to Europe) more expensive because its dangerous, but in the end, its always the migrants who pay, shrugs one.

Asharq Al-Awsat is the worlds premier pan-Arab daily newspaper, printed simultaneously each day on four continents in 14 cities. Launched in London in 1978, Asharq Al-Awsat has established itself as the decisive publication on pan-Arab and international affairs, offering its readers in-depth analysis and exclusive editorials, as well as the most comprehensive coverage of the entire Arab world.

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Libya: Once an Opportunity, Now Hell for Migrants - Asharq Al-awsat English

Black Lives Matter, white Seattle and ‘passive progressiveness’ – KUOW News and Information

On a gray day last October, teachers across Seattle wore a shirt that read BLACK LIVES MATTER.

They knew there might be criticism. John Muir Elementary in south Seattle had done this in September and received a bomb threat and hate mail from across the U.S.

But they did, and the day was, by most accounts, uneventful. Some kids got it most didnt. Just another school day.

And then, a backlash, but this time not from outsiders. White parents from the citys tonier neighborhoods wrote to their principals to say they were displeased. A Black Lives Matter day was too militant, too political and too confusing for their young kids, they said.

Some danced around their discomfort, others snarked in ALL CAPS. These parents would not talk to us, so we made a public records request for their emails.

Their names were blacked out, which is why they are not named here.

Wrote a parent at Laurelhurst Elementary: Can you please address why skin color is so important? I remember a guy that had a dream. Do you remember that too? I doubt it. Please show me the content of your character if you do.

From Eckstein Middle School in Wedgwood: What about red and black or yellow and white and black? How does supporting Black Lives Matter help that gap?

And from Bryant Elementary in Ravenna: Im writing to share what my 9-year-old daughter told me about what she learned in class regarding the Black Lives Matter discussion. She said she felt bad about being white. And that police lie and do bad things.

These three schools are in northeast Seattle, one of the whitest, most affluent corners of the city. They are also in staunchly liberal neighborhoods dotted with rainbow yard signs that say All are welcome.

This is what Ive come to call Seattles passive progressiveness, said Stephan Blanford, a Seattle school board member whose doctoral research focused on race and public education. We vote the right way on issues. We believe the right way. But the second you challenge their privilege, you see the response.

Blanford is black and represents the Central District, the historic African-American heart of the city. He wasnt surprised by the emails from parents after the Black Lives Matter day. Middle-class white parents have asked him for help getting their kids out of Madrona Elementary, which is 44 percent black.

No one will say to me, We dont want our kids to go to a black school, but I believe thats frequently the underlying reason, Blanford said.

Black Lives Matter emerged from a Twitter hashtag in 2012, after the death of Trayvon Martin, a Florida teenager whose killer was acquitted. The movement gained momentum as videos emerged of police officers killing black men, and from there became a rallying cry against racism. Those three words say that black lives havent mattered enough in this country, and they should.

Reaction to the Black Lives Matter day might have been more muted had Sarah Talbot, the principal atLaurelhurst, not sent an email afterward to parents.

I heard from a few parents concerned about what teacherswerentsaying, Talbot wrote.

They werent saying anything about lives the lives of students, parents and families who are not black. I worried about that too. Would our Native students feel left out, since they face the same (or worse) effects of systemic racism in schools and outside of schools that black students face? What about the majority of the students in our school who are white? They also live with the effects of a society that unfairly prioritizes their lives.

But then I remembered that atLaurelhurstElementary, we have a 20 percent difference in the growth of black students reading skills when compared to the average growth of all students at our school."

After school, a mom learned that her 5-year-old was asked to stand up in front of his class and talk about Black Lives Matter and his shirt. By the end of the day, he had taken it off and shoved it in his cubby.

TheLaurelhurstBlog, which doesn't name its writer, wrote to media a week later: Many parents contacted theLaurelhurstBlog and found the email disturbing, divisive and offensive, and one called it racially biased."

The blogger continued, Talbot says there is injustice and there are gaps but where are her examples? Since she didnt provide any, is it her own invented bias that she is bringing to the community, creating divisiveness?

Director Blanford urged me to interview Jill Geary, the school board director representing northeast Seattle. Geary is a white mom of five with a daughter at Laurelhurst Elementary; maybe she could explain parent thinking, he said.

Geary doesnt see herself as a total insider, however. She was once an administrative law judge who focused on special education; years ago she refused to join other parents in trying to oust a program for highly traumatized kids at Laurelhurst.

She sighed a little as she explained:

They would prefer to be all lives matter, because then their child is included in the conversation about mattering, she said. What they dont think is, would a black mother feel like her child matters, based upon the way that history, the nation, the city, the institutional structures, have treated her child? Thats not the process theyre using.

Geary shared a story from earlier in the year: A sticker that read HCC = APPartheid was placed outsideThurgood Marshall Elementary. HCC stands for Highly Capable Cohort; APPartheid is a play on what the program was called before APP, or Advanced Placement Program.

The sticker's message: The gifted program is overwhelmingly white. Last year,1 percent of the program was black, even though the district was 16 percent black.

We got very angry emails about that, as though we had sponsored it, Geary said. They were upset their kid was being shamed for being in HCC. I think thats the same instinct.

Read: Where are the black kids in Seattle's gifted program?

When Geary spoke with a parent upset about the Black Lives Matter day last fall, she said, I know your child matters. You know your child matters. But Im not sure that we as a society have made it clear that we believe black children matter in the way that white children matter.

But Geary said caring a lot is part of the culture at affluent schools like Laurelhurst, where parents have time and money to get involved.

Theres a portable on the playground, and we are arming ourselves to get rid of it, Geary said. I hate to say it, but that is privilege amplified.

I asked Jennifer Harvey, a religion professor in Des Moines, Iowa, to read these emails and share her thoughts. Harvey recently had an opinion piece in The New York Times titled, Are we raising racists?

As a white person myself, I hear and I know how white people think about race,and I wasn't surprised to see just a basic lack of understanding of how racism functions, Harvey said. This would not be unique to Seattle liberal whites, nor among liberals who didn't vote for Trump. These kind of sentiments are very deep seated.

She continued: What I see when I read these emails is this utter failure to value black life. Because if you value black life you go, Oh my god, even if I don't understand this,why is it that African-Americans need to have this movement for black lives, and what is it like to be a 10-year-old child who's black?

It's like there's this total white vortex that just screams out from these emails, whether they are being nasty intentionally or just saying,'I don't get it.'They make me really sad.

Not that all parents bristled at the Black Lives Matter day. Several cheered on the school in their emails. And when I contacted members of the Laurelhurst PTA members, two moms replied that they supported it.

But there was also a mom heartbroken by how the day had played out for her son.

I was feeling scared to drop them off at school, [my son] in particular, being at Laurelhurst as a brown student in a sea of white peers and white staff, she wrote to Principal Talbot.

That morning, the mom and her son talked about what his Black Lives Matter shirt meant. He told me he felt scared, the mom wrote.

As we parked, he said, Mom! I just got a good idea. If I get white paint and put it all over my body to cover the brown so they cant see it, then people will stop killing us black and brown people.

I cried so many tears of sadness, fear, anger and feelings of lost hope yesterday morning, she said.

After school, she learned that her 5-year-old was asked to stand up in front of his class and talk about Black Lives Matter and his shirt. By the end of the day, he had taken it off and shoved it in his cubby.

I asked him why, and he said because he was tired of people asking him about it and wanting to take his picture, the mom wrote. I was so angry all I could do was pick him up, hug him so tightly and said, I can see why you chose not to wear it. That sounds uncomfortable and unfair.

When I told Director Blanford this story, he said it made sense the boy was overwhelmed. In his day-to-day experience as a student, he's probably pretty invisible, and then all of a sudden, hes the celebrity in the classroom."

Referring back to the critical parents, he said, The intersection of class and race always has the potential to be explosive. This was a nice powder keg, and it just needed the match."

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Black Lives Matter, white Seattle and 'passive progressiveness' - KUOW News and Information

Black Lives Matter Chicago Files Lawsuit Demanding Federal Oversight of City’s Police Department – The Root

Demonstrators confront police during a protest over the death of Laquan McDonald on Nov. 25, 2015, in Chicago. (Scott Olson/Getty Images)

Lawyers for Black Lives Matter Chicago and other community groups filed a class action lawsuit Wednesday accusing Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel of trying to cut a back-room deal with U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions and demanding federal oversight of the citys Police Department.

The Chicago Sun-Times reports that six individuals and seven community groups are named as plaintiffs in the 132-page complaint, which could either force City Hall to the negotiations table or lead to a lengthy court battle. The suit was brought on behalf of people who have been, or in the future will be, subjected to use of force by the CPD.

The lawsuit also targets 15 police officers as well as the city of Chicago.

CPD officers abide by an ingrained code of silence and warrior mentality wholly disconnected from the policies that exist on the books, the plaintiffs lawyers wrote in the complaint. The thin blue line reigns supreme. The city of Chicago has proven time and time again that it is incapable of ending its own regime of terror, brutality and discriminatory policing.

The lawsuit comes just five months after the Justice Department announced that it had found the Chicago Police Department to have widespread constitutional violations. A hearing has been set for June 21 in front of U.S. District Judge John Z. Lee.

On Wednesday, Chicago Corporation Counsel Edward Siskel and Police Superintendent Eddie Johnson said that the city wanted to take a different path to the same reforms, and Kevin Graham, president of the Fraternal Order of Police, promised to oppose the imposition of policies backed by this movement in every instance.

Read more at the Chicago Sun-Times.

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Black Lives Matter Chicago Files Lawsuit Demanding Federal Oversight of City's Police Department - The Root

Black Lives Matter confronts police board; Demands an end to cops in schools – Canada NewsWire (press release)

TORONTO, June 15, 2017 /CNW/ -Black Lives Matter Toronto is attending the Toronto Police Services Board meeting today at 1:00 p.m. demanding an end to the controversial School Resource Officer (SRO) program. The program places police officers in schools where there are a high population of Black students. A motion to end the program was served at the last Toronto Police Services Board meeting. The meeting follows a demonstration held by Black Lives Matter Toronto last month, where teachers and students discussed experiences of harassment, brutalization and discrimination faced by Black children who attend schools where police officers roam the halls. The motion was stalled when Mayor John Tory called for a review of the program prior to making a decision to end it.

"Why do our kids have to continue to suffer while waiting for another useless review?" said Silvia Argentina Aruz, a parent and community organizer. "Children should not have to fear being handcuffed or confronted with an armed police officer while at a place of learning!"

When Black Lives Matter Toronto requested a list of each school in Toronto which runs the School Resource Officer program from the Toronto District School Board, they were initially told that a list did not exist. Black Lives Matter subsequently received a list of high schools that run the SRO program from an anonymous source.

"This list of which schools have cops proves what we have known all along: they are targeting areas with a high concentration of Black children," said Leroi Newbold, a teacher and an organizer with Black Lives Matter Toronto. "When I think of all the services that could be offered to truly keep our kids safe if we weren't wasting money on this harmful Black child intimidation exercise it just breaks my heart."

Black Lives Matter-Toronto is the Toronto chapter of #BlackLivesMatter, an international organization and movement fighting anti-Black racism all over the world.

SOURCE Canadian Federation of Students - Ontario

For further information: Rodney Diverlus: 647-456-8476 | media@blacklivesmatter.ca; Sandy Hudson: 416-722-8842 | media@blacklivesmatter.ca

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Black Lives Matter confronts police board; Demands an end to cops in schools - Canada NewsWire (press release)