Archive for March, 2017

Fighting over Libya’s oil ports – The Economist

W|;w{K[ZlCE:F7^[gw! 7'{,ma0>)'flIbJ7?{sf A|R]nJYqzk 2\Y:|ZV|C`7|haLbxk@ E,>D"q5`2WtN]mqq2wJ8K=e/O6k/[;[5+uSn';Z*!~x8%=I!uT>5|33YZOdBBPXq5OUx=~f/z/wb>_9/># ~}> 6O+>c;^`|lw. >t|_>vkk}2o7isyK_/dYa+]>3 |8,iO=}2[ ykyF_T{'_D$XZ=%~$YRK#9M_Bwy9!Een|;uB[Sw/}_?BiYY;1;1}~_vu*]+wX1}^w69dd9/FYF/iW7?Kob!,W7>?>LEGhgGA{hR2&0];Q9FM $9_{pXB~RMEiN^9}noOn-vW}6TigV[NZg%{g1EyB;1%;]'bbv%)]j}G>{w(-,mg ostK?z=%yCwy{@wrw^a|rGwm~#gx$`[[G;Pzw-|s5?t?-kp:y_gn~w$30/@VqnlS>>/R_zu,U.!zfB .f"Tmpka(QM}ToXps;ymur__1m'}Y_.crQ}%|cL'Iwtrox}X.P9X~g[o^}_CWb-eGZ(Q#!WFyuUA5a(E}e#D] D| 9OF^~)/>f%IA Lw ->e;YH8}_p >~kTq=O#>xj?+=9}uo-bt1XG!00yd!ji`ptm F[ u`PCHZNWH[0[}I /vA#7X>oG-qG~lxsy [D1n1|VmL}%[;"#kxV+9'> ].S!M[9>}|Do|c_rE ?=TEJvD :AjWZ/n9/FL8Q;}p(vz5Sk+:[0Zt5-Wj=/[z/FjZ#"GDPD~d6 !SCkjpv]>L#ty wNHs1W37p>oY_V"#gg-$^worS xYU-/U[!Ok;_'#Vq^;twi~tOl{1?'&A:|[5L5 [<7X`6/DAP lxveVi9VDC]m+N oZImXnZn[Hd+&aMp$h|%]! y VmEVZ .0 Pr&}yM-~l[m[8@4%7)DqIgN)lJ44]&Z1T6$ 1(m QnwtVHVia<,&o@@@ kKz- mDdq 0V>.x'E6@ Aext+|SnGZE#8ZiZ.GY:Io>F#R>Q&u$ u7GE9 Z0$ZGNVp{FyH+`49=: mVlG(||HCuE@jU'qR =v"'oTNn?: igV#J CoozX__/"CR~r|$Rqpb;>?x%I} L}#L^g/?C?=~t!,X0Xowz{|z=>K3Cz^gf3}_}ZE+ XQ@]_M

<;_h|~|-jCcg3m'$ WCD"|._>/`Y~Lu/F})4KCv_;ur9v?vr]*3MZZ<<}>t3/{s[{ygCM} Aaw6^v>"aXC^B|}|gQv!~l_ic;#|M[89mF 2]TM4v5d|e7HE:"ATx+g~)|}FoTqsOTs89?gfCuJw@~Mz0Foay|@W{}D_9[[f"Mi/#=|q,WdG_2>-_oS8~If>ez6 e/iSejX-k=4rAp_4'q5>C?YGs/M_N`O 7C'~g7Sg Hh>KR8b+CVtis|_~;is]v.m"'08V80O++Fr4#sG46B ZnuOwR_+}i.wD @$;S5:L^,>yw,w>7vtf@ugbKNI)k',&C'8Zv(^X HSU+]3s. atCK&$P7Y UA2$8@rFY]0^e;]jCQ1c8I^KbI3su0^XJl4HdF+3 dywouXXd(7I=0J)U!_NbQPs3"y:p6m I)i^vA-MI!HZ(eJI5~:DNqQL0-Fw&$;n]m ffSC%@;b{J)Srxkn:(&;eEl%m4Txd1rA`Ll#iVaf/ jY p.6sGH*p8TEBh.fUw>Gub2:gp8)'dio97t%^4FiPy 3CF 3g1&61Gf lH%5'j>-KK(Ky-n6W;#aG{A^+t BYAEWK OTGN=10YI-,+9gc.MI4! l7V5s.w$G:^5,.T-#BegXeVyV9&&6p9`f3Mtd-}r[r6V&Rty*:>ZZ8'tQjF J2SYRhfVBzhpS96O-D+-wMNy|H#VX(K$K}HK-SQM#Fol|&d!+Iw]/V *aA,8V0(U{j`{R$U&bZk+Q9Cx]_3 _P [EIfXCB*%b-W)aosqKTxn4F5Ta/ sJYNOV#mq;>Dxr^djFY*d47xj93sym>Wm*eA(^_kZMF'r=2+!B.=@1}L`)MC~5Mw0a_X8^fo} r48')fGe'qXoV/cg"&}AX&z 6"FKQc}cK,q^ew$NsbqaU$cY`6I3BYt?Q2.aJdM&FTzJ.QlGz:Isa2``C_zz0>}`1+hFS^u.3Qs XX=v"wgCv`[{ t#VLs Ju[[;>YGkY4,(@Q4-?_ dWZ,b ;UzY@)d}odWAI)[Z]$>.X}7dHrQ ftV"F8l%L%3adz,nXNw:8y)sf=EcEf$9 VN&20;t2F{mvQ2m}- b#h10(j&2PZ6!c4;,8hvXSJaMSD %,r@ /"C @aOT#= YIW!g~YSb`FD(GhRt(wun))RzE`q1rx;CzQEvufN*kFktL/MhXtVW!!nDWaA`lx!5NPq)ccdl70 FtS8`/4/Wvhz. +V aGZ4 ZW.*Agj.}X`5jp~WXz_ BQ3XC:fk"2@wZya'Y&`{#9Hd7-=0TP6R)j4t.^bNC[I(;tvT'v< t#Q^ = K{(6q]h# :#KV,;&d2PZ=Tv,fi[j^Z;*Y084_z&6Kmuce,T;>`x #_ bLJhf1n*hYL&^jix0Gh0lfh Ix(|``R.RdxEL2@r9L uAsAr UDY$cd4u1Fpoeo!9O}qAQEo0R,So;T"`zBV2n3t9a.XaqOaSC&9jVa}o82/~2Y8!yMeJsl>C>r'T+8(S3ci!>I+Pfh:n?teT6hC1g"m(:`vJ1'Y^:e$i G#~)WIorVTFM=0z%}"R$gcvJd" g%l^0c hhB]F4X8dc^b6ovLMcbxU,`w;)s#4)x%m7dKlEh>24;^S7<7[l# '?t|26)_fkoEP(KBkyiu3MM }U&*`[)j_o{H-{*"ibc8g sQG:u&mvDA!H.(JXxb2t] Qv5R|(XaflD bOI%15"v&,tY9>6Ilb-3oycDu!!gJ:f;}pl' '3e&~8 'qE;yXMHubjBegTZ//8^.K@" Ub&["!0-I8dW'm`;h8isC dZ:h'1 kX*iC- "5;fB<2tA>PTup'o_L }Ujs%1f'2$F![Qk;ziy92({t,/@&8,I2>Ka,&nqM+YU9, hEMc$X7AyR|j' .KT?I9HsXf|nY*Mdcnh;nv1D/~FyP p$an1>OIeQ|o@=t]KAKT4v'p{l*=Ph$%pL`hjeXAK7*N8f@H"AkN5[erdj8}]NPw5u2pB[R 0fcFH",7<=Y VjGw2v#EJq#KE^BBDFTj"TLH5DN`a.Zk^kEldClV9]j(VwdiR6p_rj,Q^11Tn6`4h[Y8y 3q7Yi+rS(,r14WsiE-DlN;"%;dE`N8QPM$msc)YRoX{xh',!=&AXsw/=|9bz9%n0" Rr*,s4[X1O;U?k$ #1ZF F(Xdf|e b@4s}J%,YO0=S%IZX$T Ug)#h0'CNLFy;ku"ZT<*(]v4&u@(syV-F [*,|&y&z,Uhw)" |[, 0qh@ et0"Dz^g!0I"pE4*Y HbF&}8RHOUpjtNGlgCU|xeo`1(};V-S9EkJ[A0izbj[)#ymcla , mpH,[[bWnymzCvDt&D+f4t# ccq28Z-{`V!IC-%yqG>M*I`H~MQrbZv@r`*CG:-a|s6.Cg{3*O3F XSJzt/n>G+m!pyG$Ul,m:Il*uB#5tr3OrFt@bV4.FuyO2U0p)d{F:3 ;DX{L'pcN~3zn&8"cL7u'JzKgdWU&82/Cx_8T7sw0}M63Ekec}S.5a$' X`&'>,9`>J1z6H2Yw8Y$mt)lniqv9^qnh4y)'S>TlewY^0jE3fzv-[n!4s[~9LHe,t!Q'CIN=3g:;:7uc.m%4~S5JAY /hyJ1dD/ kuAl3bv%v~t]Tmz@djLY!BB5(DmV?uo,Ww[Uwp2])RII,yu[SKm}i3IN4*lHl9M}Vm:8WuSiuQLP0z+QcR-23Ib!NS!@=i, Ifje(WI|qr`r@Vj.ll H]*x: 7:O9u~P'`J/!`1vH`rCJ2rlq**X"nF~{,%6rF5^xa$GkZ&I'wD_biMl&lcf7 L[{]x/)pX>pPp h+m jR=TI|S'+( SCq)VHmSfY+TQ;m fbh.UPLCMjv ivS<63g%.v70Zf p < hH-@r)}h/xZp37vj&w)'BF$0[< (L(SUdYfln=N0$uY0j4B*yD1#"n4j]-&4o,qhc!eBu9CX^1.DqH:7U#JLNG ki0O*YV'-"A|2t> (078@rL5mjJ&-th(rH)%)4)`O4(P F^@! <1F9%jDzMpoaf+ru1sieGt-X$] /C_[c {bHJQeF~wh5p|S%/,dr9/f+@S}aY*> Q[!=El|l,DF%3Nr6Vi!**A!g lp/ [!:+nQLnI'-d ;]F1(<>Z-xc (2')1|t!:fjXDcQ<,j]2flE0,@6?>!1zpN (#hY.ZcIpsD}B: X2qd^Bu~:h|G4IJNxf>"VR"jtT(Z2)va"u aX821zNpI9_^"6Zq*"0+@:cmi9X-p9{I1h-I1d`,i8nXzl93LXW;S^^l^H&)l? lqV(iEgdTd5LpIdI/vj@mvEvdNE&lVjrjR'A{_p7h $96cD;V<[8jf3r K7S 0,=C$bU=ZFRc 0|UOM[Yae*O)MNC^z9v sXdPX;n2uufW/Ryi86.pZNRdc7b6;A29WsxO$s"OPqf)G$3/Bs1LTY*6up m[8vpl}3=n0+CJ8+|CJsWy^/8%3ax1sl+ vs`..6hA1!L%VNz.-8-cr79=Ujmpvz14G$5gaZO&&PKX89J8la4^""t2XD(6?- }#h ]w'&P=v*<)8) Vfa9,g* ;VNYL-91)oIfE_D$X9Ki#^[[DxJ.y,#aCNEL~@HkQ-1u.1. @A 3<(BOeqKd ,`^;W|.aG^H C c/;H2{T[;}7b:y`{;FY].u:kkeVC+V#[exKz$mq~OnfpU%jX4mx/tftcQE0;+oKn2Zl&kjR$_jl1'4v@ )"3bB7#yA0EIyy@l9M14NY@TS;cv[Lu4-c*lACfPB8Q(*}]ynpCeG jx z8m^:VzR/v;OYrg l8v"% )- 'lN%Y |eh*rn=meL_+%GY"tQK9r1mh)A|<&-YfMkEB3T7"8)R{tt;i0VCrarrQ{h`QgAp@1b|.ukUwX`@FB9f`9nJ*Z;b3J)fdXBcjG419ESlN2Av&GKq r[fN80,N;=MkR3~] t[E8zx4W``61]k(L ||4'Rb`od1ZzgP_pGWikfp@8t}tnZOzfmFST]"3|l>i[,t33zh@;(Q 1Dk ZYMD5CKdOeJ)$tzq(;|u~I}-{^J ~4'$&18x)LYCZa&}>d<9!fjmHU $L$!xQPPf(NT[DuJ{|]V)7#g6bxAOuaRX5EX)(4?Fj E[,TV6Ocf "U`aR&`ftE6)CujnZI:MH_Uj-XY9IVOvt7vH=jg 2mi)+,R`:Xb}%,&EgCu3.PAskIJ>M1L#h8{P>KF`NIV7&.lDJiFIPF-v v <.eyR1GUvDaon!IyKgws]:Vmjo11nytXN-]cd$+`32/ o7 a@ Smj* X&FwaV7y4D5RIvLNm%Yt= TkvP ck*qcDnKD_Xs&k[lFTb4Uy30*.=>l.h?qZM).7o *;*1$NX&+_=Db.-GPo'#`u,j5n;,&5{RPUkvKW.`I GbFX/>f&kxp!RCmb0"0F56'c,81FUfa"aLIV*@;.fq{~{#d2NZp>.+E5A#*!P6h3.|T|f^DZ]V~ cq3A}$lsBH0r&{}}ZhKu`d|{sEY'Gd:O.B+sL>f3Uc"aFN6%-4&ctKr7M1HvE&Ba.(x)c"f!Z'vZnAU1WughD1iS;gyzap ulM8bU 4R3Pu]qelz#ZsPK]'vhtT/LE'nw $rL2h{;$fv=Y4Fm(^*c9jp x9mi[Z@-#Ea ^t}rcb`sS9&rM l?dhb%u .-O5-C_+`CiqQkT?h#3M1ns,H <-x;zLcl $90rmFZl`5P4<* 'vl{:h &?F6 av+d/%3FpH>,; [8C~>v6c9.[mvViMYtCV+9$YSU=f.*:--wzI6>CxustlCl:lsM 1$eNi:KZ~bP |?]6U5jtlI=D`c1D]z l74Uvzd&X8ch[jcyJM|#(?m`@Th1fKX,Nkd4=(DI J"ewmF{tnqeq?{CaK3l.l=Rh6Vkn hBcSwFgfULRf6Ec]VFve{CM476q=B^wG L|cjD-A~I:h'47pliS#m+4]vU[# Yx"9LH YFm2T*Mb$;#hS8ZcinNarGeE;,&m q)l9$+K|^FdZfI0|OS5DdYti!nK6A^~4]AN[l;`25>+.J'Y="{Tli>5Nzl,K0b2AI$JQ^#V68Svr;[0]z02}pSFc`v+8w*vjp=# wp;OTln}:#T ou%yXR GU2y XZJq;NaV~ks&cmpyy56{o8E5g)QqLS>WN@2cGXK.N4*agNmy"=siXo4sZ25g?PVv"kQf"Ia4,yq3KZf`b}5Qr-$&zlD7"%n]~7j#=15c,Fb{vpQl8F91.RO0u&@!ie]eL9my+V!4nP:7+(L 6 Cnbc< rRyQkiZiv0"J(QzMrKIvmFOPB8'5EAG^8);A1UqS.qT[tB=~f:G|Vf[P'f*4MoK@d#XUd$(2qm~Xn5j##`nBpp=VZ4qE}^sJOCJ8MvPKM_(.E63w9p.AifY8ZA[alh,o Fq6L .H|ECZy$Fr ?lZB]lZp z sw]mm%1nwmt![v=b)|xF9:(M8ZPyKZZf) Oadlf+dLGc#zDA~poz0E+KA#3Ci /N9n76]%Y]4f[6 ;]`ho8!I:-~ '&uOO%@L7I< >bP;JRmbb6]A V6M,j{@pSY5a'yc'SY,Y&S|5HBYH 6E NN'2,Faxq1#GPyYjumcXOvlrr)ydba->k.vh3/MV}iS %m pY hMPJVLHrGC'ec= c|`xb93G$Lm#asJoXF9P@jZpavGmfb ah09G&hm5z V$kbFf3*`hVox$z'P5vT.h"ZE,GP4 WZ:p#.Gji:PG0^qY5 [R:K.&T##M521Vn)ax$lN8`l`BXE(xr@,t:h5R:R(Ux3RLw#&22!ZSOkU#Q KreIj0qB( bKb7q*01=jH t$WK as9 0SYiX!VLG7Am16m fbcfC4m49qB=,rwKj=$Yp v1-9#)k,RA-PS46QBqC)2rTrb+naqcqtJh:f3TDF3]F&`*ir*8eK. s$V2JcXfP:s6=0U0[8 "DsN3Dv9|TwS0SV!b= 95G~"{9jE*?&7N-Q}cqk5a3zb|U0v9MuFN5#XJxf04N$akeUj@yXt#-;Ks@7|%v2/wbW7"noKh|}?rW}o*f/w.D|yS[B??P?~a$G^ u7!>DZD3;*ow~}6K&~|o~orB0c~qjtYW%>^z(W>k1: ^{q#Pcftkx5*JJPu+^v;_}= qIejUn7~/7e'}AiA==o@;&?FGnH=]dtO %~zq/FP .+V dh;~yQo^X%aa<{w /`Egt=`s_5> JgE=[cLU^0}W_e{yZA]VIe^^PYuvw^W @ptT><|zXLM**/gc(?qVuC CwF/" [w.Q=|%=O%`4#v7/^oAvw__bDs_b~{dzwky]~X.y%i]_~.(o%$@*0L]'};&EfG`z:V{?Qo4 FYMZ4 $+ixm/@4j,`mgWQ?k (]z"rO KQMW8oxfjo"^)B BM._GmCzm}w=2c?K|gl FAP?WYqe`*:~/8z~=+}}^~W#Zo7n|uu~B`D73ajWo]gN|v<^HkMI_7Q:0"&d=hp#/}TWQw_4 $o O30U;_A l 6v6@i /[$Z LS#H]^ T.b~w@y}P%&_~~ 3/a}K'Pr DU;_2Lm=B@'1jKdq=z)hz W e-^ZA%D5wSfA%+d0t#xhG_B/{WnZQ j_iL+y?'F/%gBd9^vVFM(='Ug>wA0:Z49ZAW {49SB E~"93#jmm{s>{Kl0U #JP_#}wF+BB;SX2,xFk8v//~0ZfGirK0.(:Z _3?6Zk3_] }Tn_xd,0KRsdS_#Fl{In~t'?8n33f@?nq}4/5A*fgxT?UT~|lRo??>+hRZ&l}2yRz>H//W0fg?HQs qST/3OzTq]o/L'v}}y`^5>0tH]^o:c"<];C?Ozg[dbS&M 3(|w?76Kl 7]G}iLm@>5iK.C~>G'}Ksts!i`su~{qe& ,[i G?hgh?(R$.y7)/D2l_{Nae9'C/#F_yRy -%?f>I/Zi':H}:E|m*Z)()1>J5gb6~"(dQ@Il#7{ASzoC&';oV2=G>5~z z_7y 1| K(IPN2u6>"~+3^@aY?DgmsEgX$._##3+($! oLf8+PZO +n19%:G.K_ ~9-`N{?lHfDNbF|f 9oxu.$%u)t]^d;Gw3[r7]zeW;1 c?I?'1kz(q{~O5 MEhE5o-AC9CO~ /^x'MsY|0WG| Ye/:h:>?N?sYz+ rVy,2h42MCpd igA|AoF/D~DN WW*VsJy+}{y:~neGYsG 1p1;nu :w'zp^s1::c" $06m.`3! g3;@YlF~~&4`0 'AD5E~Dh r/!oPwY#!IwY e$u1R8U=yZQI+sYA[)c>n7|OI<2~?7R|5grVf>)C-S:I%2|3gS}$>OJuSwl|v,+3qz:s^3T|j]cKfoX}p?$*4sfNXz?>_s_|qF0Sv/iCR@LG"[|&!@1ulbs"5 DK?Z~}Cw;?Wy?7CoEm 6v?{qrxx]k9,{}{ap5Fc%FoehA@7EW((=M9AY{>Ny82t!ob.{PX]kG)[?}ELt3$}d]p~`>p(7_WP E{>H=B7?_!d5QzEQ`/|jL QfZ[I$/U5coj^(4 ~!OfcEx@CGFf8/H<(8R. wwQLK>fop3_ m?29ww8'?z4=@}kSm0eW>o?0Gd;K]a c~M+!rRTUk[r(k6H XqeK%k$9EuHPE>"/yMU~#/^FxCS=n8}=gq{tq@Zi]H*62vJ"AD|No 6m~]tW<)7-@Zxige.WL[6|P4 pDf}j{Y01&&4T7_uoE$3}>:VU|wzQ3J99czewVJ$D1o:Oyoc:H< s/hOsjL9?S.@w 5zM@lmiy&KX0T ;$12Otz=x!5u[*SM?c`C|u}9~@]-&6au`:Rc^Ku=)%CWyf3g8WW-OO.Z'=Gkb1,l-N5MmJTcebeL=R}OwM]a{zp{gEhm_V_gY);i/G}_J=F3ftY6cux|e_62|]_43iu;_6%>9RS$ui6 @%WfZ^6b{{GTF}X&2dVx/y`.rQlZJ0??HOKV8pI%?B? `CC=YF4#47au|sD$"#e9-uG/N~_<]IBQXXICH>szR+S,+$a:B1]iG %ymS3 anok/|GJNPJ>a-Psw*}pgajUij2rxI[7<"#5 E AxDT>>&0;Cz6.-(ApZEKOp#fg)Df`D/FH;dI]0Fv#3&2hIR~*?rNZGwiGXYm!Bq+P0`^dp,*y*p H8@v8HwGBmrbK6 cqH%n0By>bJ-dyTL^GqkFcbEdZb+?a~Z |l87PnW,mBr7!s_#nC_D0v*P>@S^.j&dv6Rxw1)~t$H( jTrwK)l- MGcGa 8G825"=Wd? A#N''AEFl&l^X0' H$$4MvAL%m&EP8f9$g.Y!bWj Pg,@On#>['&d|/qADEM&-~]?}j*9$>#MQ3 @kaLlbwOsFs ht3H(yc2,G!^6+{kFt#s#&9Fb2zdHZ<0t#Zj$%iRO6&_(3c|{P>E+2jjX$#aN^!a *1#fOkcn`E]XSoDu]F8bhZX+d0F7a.aC kG` [S`<&Bb$I(^PJt$Z> *QO_ia |0SGk&|td~AJ AN1DJ?tSy1f]LWKjV0vT_T9ER76'1P]fi,h~p:obs;cp>=.YRlRmk1O11fS>}la}e>}l}ec^*1:@yl>fmP>%}1/cfc>Ty>6+o6^+F8O^[:XQb$:w>:AFi6-7pLpiG1_(KJ|59'YpV-m_>^ORx5O AQ.z`_{B-Co3,geZPx)jk,I*(#npFB"A]x/t#;4k] DO9}zZ]`Lz;QJ:[1JWIotI)w$%~e8ro2@8F Tnbp7 r0>45df!aj|YGh4P^%np"n[=N2IMRU,jgx>>lhf3um5No75M^om$u$sN0jXoZq^r7h$x;$KKW%evw|ckZunQ*<"4XImsM)6@0QjSQ0iWdve"4'w*junW/I?/ dI(r;U']n!ibh9Pdt1NYN4'I]69u-[d uh3x]nui"NIu~:P5IJYlg@bSyMh.}H@^~{mF;Qd98[g.+~q1=f-dQ~W4a@Mr@z swSwxSe 4UJ #QU?{Ab>/wFc~FsF$66Xc=qRD$EbgzYTi7omG|+6q:t/3{3 i4&G-.1~ze(Qi*"/E^xA?0.35z{Hh!'ZF]q 0^s1 xM!9Q9M,T|A=*]VO'Fn]Swv%@uz;Fr%T}5u_; S1<*/+;NPw3y-nA'kEF?@'.I4Ch&H )240aT|r}ycOz $P_7dy#d!atQkkEwP"Jut@Sk&JT:kN8!|)a]uJTKd6Egor$oig9+/$eY 9=1y[}rHyFltO,!S-=cnKLCQ $,F?'b8Oyy~e@$(A" Teeeu?0p1MD$/< Ni(7J??9qkQh41| }rZ6~$Mxeb/3+CO&~zX7!'p!| BO2QC~P}/bT4D_?g Sa8a`HIbj=ND5HblqZ3Q#~!N2WHxj),kBpQ}1!: q/ EIhbYUiqH s~(% J">Ic_~c_{?Lh.O F>HbmcN0itnUc[b9<;j}LF"2(3#&8=cAT$d^**`tzzl6$T''u[Sz~4h`:sy^po~U7DfSE:6n5/afza+YCJnc5E4}/N%0w~YwdNaaq-,>X|zle(4D OE 2-hR^ g$SElw@O,"bN!W}&<;Fc>98}O6|q5/LvWBXZNo8w9|NWhRK?w~n0VzdA4?S6axGjL/_<<}P_)nlo/G;cx'XsNH~Vs.u9h<$>ST)){c#?$++uP;em$@RTFdACy-'*{[09S2kngtOi(m7yjlS*(+bymhVEc0YvMf>'yd~i+(_jJf}4,K9"TREd}_Oz0mgpm;gdtT)hE3}bydeS53C >p`XSRYYz&qzgRD([ m2J-Fh?V %V[*f9hp9:~U;+d` >;~|g;M* vEe]|dd* n j2GsJIx:V{`l&dFC "=n-L-EEqCH HFH ,1efmvCf438z]dK5,5XP2!G/v^ VQ^7A|d Ld@B0 1/,Sakh2xd+Xd-#UIYb"mzkQz-#-Sl B>dY2H0_M4B5YQKn78`Gcs5fn458do2F$y $gI6j'B+>N'7o Vxb`xhZQ!z-z?v)L[FHD@ pDJ< -`=A8$cZz0lIMss:+&`Nh$a&Xl1 uP5b 72! OL/g@5RFiR{D:a`7FO4O5W0?kNGhv;h.h:;uThA@=Z'`M_10L 9&x?4z:JXtnoWiW*r~uja/ a.)!Lcsz IPj>{hn bq*/+4;Ld>b(R3Q5>8&l"<("#uMLbiE2=}53%'8UP1/wlQ>)R]ikG0lq6Q~ SB[||_>GZOi*SNU9<]?O}c/._.1Vv&SNr{Q=V5%W<62s&s rJ|{iAo5YEb%nRS:XGp%1$H1Db%CZv%CV,?U=+ C] }|[r62`XvZ[Ttq,`S6@p,Me"!Uzqsv:Lx$g0#B#b0%[_eHl5& i"&aN ~Ik/ E<)KqF^ gPnZAL=W^P@]Y45cZ>aZ'+.R+`1D4O Mq _<.m,RWxZc/ &0~?)2DQ uAMs %1+Ytphd>ZoVZ[8K"$~ zbI1h;!5AM|]dYz`;SK$q'p6~:rdlkN)( uWo^*Az7O{b),PtYxN[[AJib'SLYH^;WWcF7 (RNYA`>2-qu3s-E8[6yX[GOR002#l`h=K)m0=00 ~FiJbRg*zkRJq5oi!r$VP9'<{x9#6Ks8s#w&#VyalF*ieNk#CUd9Y$`]2JifIb}!CG. ~Ye;4]=0Yn:kV3hXV|d.y#jqHnv#]<=:Mo{)G``"F1N 6B*UKBS%5VjV B$h85Y}!'d;[WoHQ2}?7mw{-_W %suZX'-Nc`v&}o2 ~R2;m7"eW5TS'|3nK/I=2f?y,t~9wa-c*Y.*@uypz(x"tl]Ui {js#tKeM.)]F%^atw)[hhd>qk'wc9@k@E8Hq sA2ROpqwZ'3n{X+3jhy^[8qsW(WN7kCnr+H(dhy{-f8hE.9Rbkj |GJnN|,mbwnnI[?ctv|XS3ex)zbEOrFrjKk)>^cOu;vgO=*CxL!NRlWdSvjO"zC?;ZT)r]nS{>IHA|hQKn#,~jHu>}, xON>tk>wg]yj7GnUS($ Y{3[(nO ^0qNa2i.X^m/Z|{b=3NrSLBB*cAA7ryzg;_,eEG|z(jL-7n5>[Hy4pwrj~vm{_wcw~{|M9E-hiZa"UyA&+j``Q2$;sfv$/"%@#]wO=l"yF ^SG o|>Nh5+ weM7wS3E">E+,;>$nb'oy%ij''# u?Iy]0R|^F18~T6IuyQ$g|f*])-n?pzyYI.9a 'n #`7}9j 0L My:a [L/888ukz@?v1sEkn )jTQBP.BP.B/$/`k[g`0T$wU~-& wk3uoKGK7LS^wNgO[}2zfEeW}N;um#hm>e/=uVXvgeDwqZnjE~1 7*-8}_$7,{8q37,)T"-)M0">{D# ]{tPp4J!Vi5Rbc4y^:fVeugydl$DI$tHL.Y)FErRS,!AIfT.J1L [ggaL15f[a,H J1G6 rdAJm]zKt).bQj$Tk,H;wK,>LA;OeV.YbkiV27/tGZSGv ]. t q2<"SA:D23Dq~yW8l61m#4cznh7cu}GcKbnG{IXEP7)$Z_?1QS[Lh/cQr)OW:5Cp=Atz^$XQLy>c{u!=T`=#MKiYrrca 4MF *)tR_>t_Bh+/2BL"Nx5zd>Z@8+ouy;SFU'"CK_JY"|0`M,@!bEPuD^@3:*t!BOQIAf2/HgL#3,9-[TaJ1rv*y>e"Dj;7 xF$gXF`PbY( iTE^ @ 1Hrr`APFELa3X[u| . -8|*#k371rJC,z4O6FsQ{b2>2~VST( SF_s"T/$${. AEx.*DL`y@Ts!`8F&6BcS F$~n`")}KINW0almr450sLs":HJcw%2%hx;3251RzK ,@ldA iE>XI$j#$M/XPF<93s5!&THHk*1Ia ksq70Id2.4dS*2+LI:= ml2!$N=g:TFdH^i*H_Hp ?p~G\{H["`KAV$j@T@RhxO9D4kCRjrBAr09zYW] +LsWd7_c9l1F# $yV,FRE/"_<>Z*ad1cQ 0"0=t1(hJ5eYi:X 6'L$e Ea2JKs a?U(498EesP WT*]7(`.AHkD J^6k)lEX^38N]Lbu0!bdA (& Sc%(!e#59bz}*j$'1nM<(3;M-{&^dRi]12*A|=s`LZi;6Dv2HSp[U=i}GAuKn`e8{;g.YiamYpyfKIHL,^JQg!`gVBGpqMx.EX`C )%:ZC nVu^>Mx|Dc"z/cFI`,JS8H I+Vc+*SQ6U9t/ Kq% 'BfR'MW5Hlr#-":^U IF0B(WYMT$%:U m.f;8?|sRfYbp)OMyY>$G-#};.9q?Q/d8=l?esUL+P<_?v79$QzL"-|wD+i)K0|Ts/l!mCTyDt4$SJOCZHxU,^ 6fS^]Sy?(7gv$#ba_p6y]{nrai:nu6=%%-18&z|i?9=z=|{v6@ekzou7g)),?09Uo_3vHoGG'xL!e:4}1 s-OjNXh7}"oASho.RFr7AtN koUBp*bVO!y UPW/S7jO{oTW{>>/g,V{+,_r( > sq /NJ Im` #!.a%{vn.w/6]R=oV=>uym6 yB!w:@}Qnmj|#z]7p>+U?v@t~]uD{v j,~3s{3lo{n=_v-hv#|<@mP[6#z`zvg;vcsu4[}ZNdRR=Cc^]1ai N[0mN~?8}buSnfx>:}h^mJ1KhC."#u[vx?npv'DU_fU-j>Zp-.F+5emYu*+#81o6!i]`eE<&h2C5q-l j5Q~;?$KtQr]-.K[U--P R7XUd [BBz

Originally posted here:
Fighting over Libya's oil ports - The Economist

140 Gambians Stranded in Libya Return Home – Face2Face Africa

The flight to Banjul was the IOM Libyas first chartered flight to The Gambia, and all 140 returnees on board were male. Photo Credit: IOM

Gambian nationals stranded in Libya recently returned home aboard an International Organisation for Migration (IOM) chartered flight.

Gambian Interior Minister Mai Ahmad Fattyannounced that 140 Gambians were voluntarily repatriated to Banjul March 7th, following an appeal they made to the government, according to the Post.

The minister, who spoke to reporters during a press conference at the Kairaba Beach Hotel, added that another 1,000 Gambian youths headed for Europe through the Mediterranean Sea are currently stranded in Libya.

We have been negotiating with the International Organization for Migration as we have received concerns on the request of our citizens in Libya who embarked on irregular migration, which we call the back way.

Many of them want to come home. They are victims of crime and they have no money, no food, and no proper shelter, and their living condition is abominable. The responsibility of the government is to look after its citizens, whether they are at home or abroad.

When I got in to the picture, I accelerated negotiations with IOM in order to repatriate those Gambians who are stranded in Libya voluntarily.

We have registered 460 Gambians in Libya who are living in abominable conditions and would like to return home; they can no longer proceed.

Among these 460, I am glad to report that 140 peoplereturned around 1 a.m. [Friday] to Banjul.

The flight to Banjul was the IOM Libyas first chartered flight to the Gambia, and all 140 returnees on board were male. They included three unaccompanied minors and two passengers who received medical assistance but were deemed fit to travel without medical escort.

The IOM said on its website that 12 of the repatriated migrants are entitled to receive IOMs reintegration assistance in the Gambia.

One of them, a 35-year-old electrical engineer simply identified as Peter, said that his little daughter and pregnant wife would be expecting him to return home with gifts, but he would have to go back to them empty handed.

Peter admitted that he initially vowed that he would rather die than return empty handed, but he says with the unpleasant experiences he suffered in Libya, he knew it was better to work in my country and die there.

Read this article:
140 Gambians Stranded in Libya Return Home - Face2Face Africa

The Libyan student who sued Trump and won – Washington Post

When Zakaria Hagig decided to leave his war-torn homeland for college in Colorado, he never dreamed that hed one day be suing the president of the United States. But when President Trump issued his Jan. 27 executive order banning citizens of seven Muslim-majority countries from traveling to the United States, Hagig realized that he had to act. I never thought that such a thing would happen, he told me. For a long time all I knew about the U.S. was that they have freedom of religion, freedom of belief. Was this really the U.S. that theyd told me about?

The revised version of Trumps executive order was supposed to take effect Thursday stripped of some of its worst excesses, but still sufficiently problematic for it to be blocked yet again by the federal courts. The credit for that goes to the many Americans who pushed back against the original ban, from the demonstrators who flooded into airports in support of those affected to the federal judges who issued formal challenges to Trumps order. But the 24-year-old Hagig has also played his part a particularly remarkable one, considering that he hails from Libya, one of the countries targeted by the ban.

For a few years after the fall of dictator Moammar Gaddafi, Hagig kept plugging away with his studies in computer science at a local university. But by 2014, as the civil war that followed Gaddafis removal was entering its third year, Hagig began to lose heart. His father, an engineer, had studied overseas abroad earlier, and the family decided that it was time for Hagig to try his luck elsewhere. Having enrolled in an English-language-study program in Denver, he applied for a U.S. student visa at an American consulate in Europe during a visit there. (The United States hasnt issued visas in Libya for several years now because of the ongoing war.)

So that was how, equipped with a student visa, Hagig arrived in Colorado in summer 2014. After finishing his English course, he enrolled in the business program at the Community College of Denver. His plan was to complete his degree there, then move on to further study at a four-year college.

But then his dreams ran afoul of the presidential travel ban. Hagig was bewildered. According to Trumps executive order, Hagig despite holding a perfectly valid student visa wouldnt be able to return home to visit his family during the period covered by the ban without the risk of being blocked from returning. He was lucky enough to be in Colorado when the ban took effect, but he was aware that many other visa holders from the seven targeted countries would be stranded in their homelands for the period it covered.

That was when one of his American friends and neighbors, an attorney and PhD candidate, Alan Kennedy-Shaffer, decided to lend a hand. He and I hadnt talked about immigration issues until the executive order came out, said Kennedy-Shaffer. The order frightened the entire community here in Colorado.

As he and Hagig discussed the issue, they realized that many of the foreigners living in the area were understandably reluctant to mount a court challenge to the president. I spoke with Alan, and he told me about my right, said Hagig. I decided to take the step not just for myself but for other people affected by the order above all, he said, the thousands of foreign students included in its scope. I personally know people who tried to travel back to their home countries because they were afraid. And people who were already traveling got stuck in the airport. Some people lost weeks in school, some even lost their educations.

On Jan. 31, Kennedy-Shaffer and a former Colorado state senator, Morgan Carroll, filed Civil Action No. 1:17-cv-289 on Hagigs behalf against Trump and several federal agencies in U.S. District Court in Denver. Their argument: The travel ban violated fundamental constitutional principles (specifically, Hagigs rights to due process and freedom from religious discrimination). And yes, they did the work pro bono, so Hagig didnt have to pay a cent.

How did it feel to take on the worlds most powerful man in a high-profile case? It was a hard feeling, Im not going to lie, Hagig recalled (in his impeccable American English). But when I looked at the bigger picture, that made me feel more comfortable. Support from his family and friends helped a lot, he said; so, too, did the images of American protesters fighting back. But above all he was driven by the conviction that big issues were at stake. We were trying so hard to prove that no ones above the law, and that human rights are truly universal, he said.

Then came a series of legal decisions by the federal courts blocking the travel ban on a variety of legal grounds. The White House was forced to go back to the drawing board, finally issuing a new version of the ban that exempted visa holders like Hagig (as well as green-card holders and dual citizens) from its strictures. The Justice Department filed an official response to the lawsuit informing Hagig that he would no longer be affected by the new executive order (which still imposes travel restrictions on visitors from six of the original countries, with the exception of Iraq).

Handling the publicity from the case, which was been widely covered in Colorado (less so nationally), has involved a delicate balancing act for Hagig. Libya, where armed militias still range freely, is a volatile place, and Hagig has worked hard to keep his personal details private to prevent potential retaliation against his family. He recalls seeing comments by Libyan Facebook users who, he said, worried about the repercussions of suing the president of the United States. Why are you suing the president? they said. Youll get deported. Youll get kicked out.

Needless to say, the fact that none of that has happened confirms Hagigs faith in American principles. It feels amazing. It feels like we do have a voice. When theres something wrong we can fight to get our rights back. The law is the law. Its an amazing feeling that our voice was heard.

Now hes keen to continue his education, working his way toward a business degree that he can one day put to good use back in his native country. In the meantime, there might be a thing or two that some jaded Americans could learn from his example. In the eyes of this Libyan, our institutions, it turns out, are entirely worth fighting for.

Read the original post:
The Libyan student who sued Trump and won - Washington Post

Black Lives Matter: Reactions from the Diaspora …

As the Internet continues to facilitate a greater global awareness and sense of community among people of African descent, we are becoming more present to the challenges each other face in different parts of the world. When parts of Accra, Ghana, flooded in June, friends in the US began to ask questions about our safety, and post Pray for Ghana signs on social media (even if they showed up several days or weeks after the waters had receded). Likewise, the #BringBackOurGirls campaign attracted attention from all kinds of people, including many African Americans.

With last weeks string of police-involved shootings and Black Lives Matter protests dominating major news headlines, concerned Africans in the continent and elsewhere in the Diaspora have also been paying attention. Maybe not in the numbers that some social media commentators would like to see, but the outcry that does exist is a foundation to build on.

Across the pond in London, Afro-Brits and their allies shut down Oxford Street this weekend during a Black Lives Matter protest in solidarity with their African-American family. A smaller protest march happened that same day in Vancouver. In the past, Black Lives Matter protests have been staged in Johannesburg, Toronto, and Israel. The international African media has picked up the story also, with coverage of the killings and subsequent protests appearing in Kenyas Standard and Nigerias Pulse among others.

If there is one element that has remained sadly but unsurprisingly silent, it has been African governments, singularly or under the African Unions umbrella. The main leaders who have displayed the guts to openly challenge the US are the same ones who are often accused of their own internal human rights abuses: Presidents Robert Mugabe, Yahya Jammeh, and Yoweri Musveni come to mind. The Caribbean island nation of the Bahamas surprised a lot of people, however, issuing a travel advisory to warn their citizens about the risk of being beaten or killed while visiting America.

(Outside the Africa Diaspora, China and North Korea have openly condemned Americas record on race relations and police brutality, which is pretty much in line with their relations to the US anyhow.)

On an individual level, Nigerian musical artist Tiwa Savage posted a Black Lives Matter meme to her Instagram and retweeted a few posts relevant to the murders in Minnesota and Louisiana. Afterwards, she faced stiff criticism from some of her fellow Nigerians, who felt that she should first speak out about problems back home.

A less high-profile Nigerian studying at MIT shared his perspective on the need for Black Lives Matter as an immigrant who went from not understanding the American concept of race or blackness to experiencing aggressive racial prejudice firsthand:

I stand there, stunned, waiting to see if hell say anything, but he keeps walking, and in a tone so unlike mine, I yell profanities at him until hes in the bus and out of sight. I turn around, and people are staring at me. Their expressions are variations of a themeannoyed, judgmental, concerned. I keep walking into my dorm, shaking with such anger. When Im in my room, I almost cry. But I force myself not to.

All I see is that mans pink bloated face as he screams in my ears, Why cant you niggers

Young Vincent has learned a critical lesson about race and violence and American policing: Africans from the continent are not exempt from the profiling, abuse, or killings that triggered the Black Lives Matter movement. Over the past 15 years, some of the most publicized instances of police brutality and death by cop have involved recent immigrants from Africa and predominately Black countries such as Amadou Diallo of Guinea, who was shot 41 times by New York police officers; Abner Louima of Haiti, who was brutally beaten and sodomized by other NYPD officers; and more recently, Charly Africa Keunang, a homeless Cameroonian who was killed on Skid Row by Los Angeles police officers in March 2015.

Among my own circle of friends, a handful back in Ghana have acknowledged Philando Castile and Alton Sterling on their pages, offered messages of concern and support, and launched critiques against the U.S. treatment of their brothers and sisters. My heartbeat rate just increased so high, one of my friends messaged me after he watched Alton Sterlings cold-blooded execution in that Louisiana parking lot.

Ive seen a few activists or simply vocal African-Americans complain about the lack of a more organized or widespread outcry by Africans who are still in Africa. For that matter, I suppose, they could also chastise the African-descended people living in Brazil and other South American countries, Central America, and the rest of the Caribbean, too.

I would say that there is plenty of room for growth on all sides. Not enough African-Americans are actively paying attention to the activities of the American government in countries around the continent, whether it is military action coordinated through AFRICOM or carried out via diplomacy, USAID, and other agencies. Nor do many of us actively watchdog American NGOs programs and other interventions that too often work under the radar, with very little oversight by the governments in the countries where they work.

It is practically human nature to be most concerned with threats that have an immediate and direct effect to our lives and the lives of those we live among. Thats just common sense and survival. The moral imperative to care and get involved is a noble one, but take a look at the state of our world: there are way too many problems that deserve our full and undivided attention. Nobody has enough time to get deeply involved in every single one.

Vincent, the MIT student, brought up another valid concern that may make people who believe that Black Lives Matter all over the globe hesitate to speak out or turn out in support of the movement:

Ive been in America for three years, and I feel wholly underqualified to speak about matters like this. In Nigeria, they floated past my radar, so why take them on now?

While Vincent goes on to explain that his own personal experience with American racism gave him the courage to speak, how much more reluctant might a person who has never been to the United States and has mostly learned about it through the eyes of mainstream news media and Hollywood entertainment?

Rather than shaming people for not speaking out on issues they may not understand or feel directly connected to, I think it is better to use platforms like this as well as our personal friendships and relationships with people from other parts of the Diaspora to help each other gain more information about what is happening in the United States, how it fits into the historical relationship of Blacks and Whites in this country a history that is just as underexplained in African schools as the details of colonialism are in the American education system why they should care about problems that they cannot personally solve, and even how to balance solidarity with issues abroad against the time and involvement needed to address problems at home. Then we should take time to step out of our American focus and find out whats going on elsewhere, although chances are good that if youre reading this on Face2Face Africa, you are getting regular doses of information around the Diaspora already. So share what you learn with a friend.

I will leave you with a quote from Tiwa Savages rebuttal to the fans who criticized her:

Let us not let the devil distract us by letting us fight amongst ourselves and lose focus on the many tragedies happening around the whole. Yes you as an individual might not be able to fight for every cause but even the little you do will help.

See more here:
Black Lives Matter: Reactions from the Diaspora ...

Black Lives Matter means solidarity, not division – El Tecolote

Illustration: Min Lee

All lives matter.

That was my gut reaction to the media traction of the Black Lives Matter movement. Initially, I was empathetic to the high profile killings of black Americans, but simultaneously upset Pedro Villanueva, Melissa Ventura, Anthony Nuez, Raul Saavedra-Vargas, Vinson Ramos and Alex Nieto, all brown victims of police brutality, were not given the same national empathy.

I was worried the nature of the movement only further highlighted the black and white racial binary in this country. As a community, we are quick to point out our injustices and shortcomings, but are the last to acknowledge the very real, very anti-black sentiments in our community.

Last month, a video surfaced of an off-duty LAPD officer Kevin Ferguson grabbing and dragging a Latino 13 year old, and firing his gun during the confrontation when the 13-year-olds teenage friends tried to intervene. It was hard not to notice the first to step up and attempt to break up the confrontation was the only black teenager.

The video quickly went viral with little attention from the Latinx community to acknowledge, let alone praise, the young black man who set off the resistant actions towards the officer. I found myself listening to conversations that resurfaced dismissive attitudes towards the black community despite this young mans initiative.

I was disappointed, frustrated but understanding. I dont condone their perspectives, but I understand where and why they have the sentiments they maintain. This incident was one tied with state violence, police brutality and institutionalized privilege. When discussing and protesting police violence, its hard not to evoke the dialogue surrounding Black Lives Matter, but due to culturally embedded antiblack sentiments, it can be hard for many Latinx, who like me, at one point or another, could not understand why in the face of authority, we couldnt just say, all lives matter.

It took me making the conscious and active effort to listen, an incredibly patient sociology professor, and the willingness to learn that I was able to confront my cultural prejudices and to see the world beyond my brown lens. A lens that was narrow and lacked intersectionality beyond the identities I grew up with.

It wasnt until I confronted the harsh realities of my ingrained cultural prejudices, that I was able to understand that the expulsion of my communities contributions to Americas social fabric is not the fault of black Americans. It was never their fault, but it was a convenient narrative to feed one community of color, to condemn and further marginalize another.

The brown community, can not and should not condemn a whole other community because historically America has undermined the political standing of all ethnic groups. To condemn one community, is to condemn all communities. All communities of color are victims of state violence. Historically, we have all lacked equal access. We have all lacked properly funded schools, safe neighborhoods and equitable health care. Condemning one another wont fix those community components, they will just be cemented and perpetuated as our permanent state of being.

The Latinx community has problems and systematic injustices unique to its demographic, but that doesnt mean we dont have privileges distinctly our own. For starters, we werent forced to come to the Americas, were from the Americas. We have our own struggles, but we cant deny our anti blackness stems back to the colonization of our countries. A culture where being referred to as morena/o can be used derogatorily, where colorism is so deeply embedded, our telenovelas and media outlets exclusively highlight and celebrate eurocentric features and mannerisms.

Americas identity, history and accumulation of wealth was literally built on the backs of black Americans. Racism is inherently a part of Americas identity. Prejudice towards black Americans is inherent to Americas history. That being said, for many Latinxs, rather than being racially scape goated themselves, assimilating to be American can sometimes mean embracing and retaining anti-black sentiments in order to garner social privileges.

Racial and ethnic stratification in America has made it so that certain races are socially positioned to either garner or be denied privileges. Historically, America has undermined the political standing of all ethnic groups. I can attest that the Latinx communitys collective identity is ambiguous, but I cannot deny its intersectionality and profound anti-blackness.

I will never comprehend what it means to be black in America, but I do know that for those of us who believe in justice and those of us who believe in the power of the people, it is imperative we stand in solidarity and provide an unwavering solidarity to support the community that unapologetically proclaims, Black Lives Matter. To ignore our need to stand in solidarity is to ignore the social and political power of two communities that together, along with other communities of color, can only strengthen Americas social fabric and rectify embedded prejudice.

Alex Nieto Anaheim Anthony Nuez Black Lives Matter Kevin Ferguson LAPD Melissa Ventura Pedro Villanueva police brutality Raul Saavedra-Vargas Vinson Ramos

Read the original post:
Black Lives Matter means solidarity, not division - El Tecolote