Ukrainian government soldiers take a breather in eastern Ukraine during a lull in the fighting in 2014. Photo credit: AP
For more than two years, Ukrainehas been outgunned battling Russian-backed rebels and Russian soldiersin the countrys east. Given that peace agreements have failed to end the conflict and Russia consistently lies about not helping rebels fight Ukrainian forces, should America give lethal weaponsspecifically Javelin anti-tank missilesto Kyiv?
Arming countries is not a bad thing if it allows them to protect themselves against destabilizing forces. If Russia steamrolls Ukraine, there is nothing in Putins history to suggest that he would not continue onward because he feel no one will care. And international law fully justifies a country protecting itself. Sending lethal weapons to Ukraine would simply be supporting a sovereign nation to defend itself.
And if you do not believe Europe is Americas business, keep in mind the NATO strikes against Serbia in 1999. The premise was that an unstable Kosovo and an ongoing conflict in the heart of Europe posed a national security risk for the west. A similar argument could be made for Ukraine, a much bigger nation situated on NATOs border. Allowing chaos to fester is not smart policy. It is simply weak and shortsighted.
Sending weapons to Ukraine is not a declaration of war against Russia. It is a commitment to Kyivs independence.
And there is also some hypocrisy with Putin pushing back against arming the rebels. When he launched a brutal offensive against rebels in Chechnya in the early 2000s, he said he did so to defend Russia against terrorism. Why, then, cant Ukraine defend itself from people they consider terrorists? Given that much of the fighting taking place in eastern Ukraine borders Russia, one would think Putin would want to end the conflict.
Unless, of course, he believes he is benefitting somehow from seeing the violence in Ukraine continue indefinitely.
Theres already been a lot of talk about the possibility, and as Senator John McCain pointed out to Trump, he has the authority as President to provide lethal weapons to Ukraine via the National Defense Authorization Act, which stipulates that the president can send upwards $350 million in military aid to Ukraine.
During a recent visit to Kyiv, a former general in the Ukrainian army and a deputy minister in charge of bring peace to the conflict region both told me that their armed forces would benefit tremendously from having lethal weapons, particularly Javelin anti-tank missiles. They are particularly appealing in mid-range combat situations because they are very portable, lightweight and use infrared guidance to take out a target and allow the troops that fired it to take cover immediately.
The Estonians were especially pleased to get their FGM-148 Javelins this year:
One advantage of Ukrainian soldiers having the Javelin is that it would allow them to fire from 1.5 miles, which would allow some distance between themselves and the target. Reuben Johnson of Janes Defence told the BBC that Ukrainian troops are being overwhelmed because they lack the proper anti-tank hardware to fight the rebels:
The Russian equipment in eastern Ukraine is some of the best they have. About 70 percent of Ukrainian anti-tank missiles are old or even expired. But almost all the Russian armor is reactive - that means boxes of explosives cover the tank, so when a missile hits a box it blows up the missile without harming the tank.
The call for providing Ukraine lethal weapons has had support from both sides of the aisle since the war started in 2014. Former President Barack Obama resisted sending Ukraine lethal aid due to fears it would provoke Russia to further stir up even more trouble.
But the reality is that the conflict is getting worse, even though no weapons have been sent.
Trump is still accused of being in a weird bromance with Russian President Vladimir Putin, but he is so unpredictable that it is difficult to gauge, exactly, how his outlook will change over time. Between his envoy to the U.N. Nikki Haley saying sanctions will continue, and his assurance to Ukrainian opposition leader Yulia Tymoshenko of the same, Trump seems to be sending indirect signals that his White Houses stance on Putin is becoming toughereven if it is not a direct condemnation of the Kremlin.
Russia, on the other hand, has been sending its hardware to rebels to battle government forces since the conflict started. A rebel commander told The Telegraph in 2015 that Russian tanks were crucial in winning key battles that year. And U.S. General Curtis Scaparrotti, head of the European Command, said during a Senate Armed Services Committee hearing last year that he supports sending Ukraine Javelins, but added that I believe that we should provide the weaponry that we believe they need to defend their sovereignty, and that they are capable of using.
If the concern is that Ukraine has not proven themselves to be a modern military, the next bet is to develop a Train and Equip program for Ukraine like the one the U.S. Army organized for the Georgian military in the early 2000s. The training provided Georgian troops with advanced weapons, surveillance and border patrol training.
The caveat for that relationship was that soldiers were often deployed to Iraq after their training, which is pretty much the opposite of what the stated intent was of the program. But, given that Ukraine has an active war in its own back yard, the program could be adjusted to simply train to protect their country instead of having to train under the guise of fighting global terror.
Of course, there are some disadvantages of following through with arming Kyiv. It pretty much comes down to whether the White House believes providing Ukraine lethal weapons would push the Kremlin to escalate the conflict even further. Harvard international relations professor Stephen M. Walt argued as much in Foreign Policy, saying that providing lethal weapons to Kyiv would only add to Russias insecurity:
... arming Ukraine will only make things worse. It certainly will not enable Ukraine to defeat the far stronger Russian army; it will simply intensify the conflict and add to the suffering of the Ukrainian people.
Nor is arming Ukraine likely to convince Putin to cave in and give Washington what it wants. Ukraine is historically linked to Russia, they are right next door to each other, Russian intelligence has long-standing links inside Ukraines own security institutions, and Russia is far stronger militarily. Even massive arms shipments from the United States wont tip the balance in Kievs favor, and Moscow can always escalate if the fighting turns against the rebels, as it did last summer.
Most importantly, Ukraines fate is much more important to Moscow than it is to us, which means that Putin and Russia will be willing to pay a bigger price to achieve their aims than we will.
The argument is legitimate, but the only issue is that Washington and most of the NATO alliance has been trying to appease Putin for more than a decade to no avail. Whether it is the Baltic States, Romania, Poland, or any other post-communist state that is now a NATO member, they are in the alliance because they fear Russia and choose Brussels over Moscow. Putins insecurity is very real, however the west cannot burden itself with a man who refuses to realize that most of his neighbors do not want to be chained to his sphere of influence.
Moreover, one of Putins primary geopolitical tools is to create problems in conflict zones in former soviet states that want to leave his political orbit and freeze them. This is the case for South Ossetia and Abkhazia in Georgia, Transnistria in Moldova and currently Donbass in Ukraine. If the conflict in eastern Ukraine ends up like Georgia and Moldova, Putin will permanently host instability near NATOs borders.
And if Ukraine is beaten into a permanent state of near-collapse, then the world will need to start worrying about Putins next play. Maybe the Baltics.
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The Case For Arming Ukraine So It Can Stand Up To Russia - Jalopnik