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MIT researchers have discovered that machine-learning models mimicking human decision-making often make harsher judgements than humans, due to being trained on the wrong data. Models should be trained on normative data (labelled by humans for rule defiance), but are typically trained using descriptive data (factual features labelled by humans), leading to over-prediction of rule violations. This inaccuracy can have serious real-world consequences, such as stricter judgements in bail or sentencing decisions. The study highlights the importance of matching training context to deployment context for rule violation detection models and suggests that dataset transparency and transfer learning could help mitigate the problem.

A separate study involving 6,000 US adults examined views on AI judges, revealing that while AI judges were perceived as less fair than human judges, the gap could be partially offset by increasing the AI judges interpretability and ability to provide a hearing. Human judges received an average procedural fairness score of 4.4 on a 7-point scale, while AI judges scored slightly below 4. However, when an AI-led proceeding offered a hearing and rendered interpretable decisions, it was seen as fair as a human-led proceeding without a hearing and uninterpretable decisions.

Who should define the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence?

Ethics for AI is a controversial topic, to say the least. Who should define its code? Even more.

As AI tools like ChatGPT demonstrate higher accuracy in certain domains, such as tumor classification, and pass legal reasoner tests like Minnesota Law School exams, the human-AI fairness gap may continue to narrow. In some cases, advanced AI decisions are seen as fairer than human judicial decisions, suggesting that future AI judging developments might result in AI proceedings being generally perceived as fairer than human proceedings.

AI-driven legal services are gaining traction, with platforms like LegalZoom providing consumer-level automated legal services. AI has the potential to reduce human bias, emotion, and error in legal settings, addressing the access-to-justice gap experienced by low-income Americans. University of Toronto Professor Gillian K. Hadfield states that AI reduces cost and helps address the access to justice crisis. However, she also acknowledges that more work is needed before AI becomes common in courthouses due to the laws intolerance for technical errors.

Blockchain technology is also making its way into legal services. Public blockchains offer transparency, trust, and tamper-free ledgers, with strengths like traceability and decentralization complementing AI to generate trust and provide valuable information about origin and history. Smart contracts are expected to play a role in the evolving legal system, with many commercial contracts likely to be written as smart contracts in the near future. 2Decentralized justice systems, such as Kleros, use blockchain-based arbitration solutions with smart contracts and crowdsourced jurors.

Improving dataset transparency is one way to address the problem of harsh AI judgements. If researchers know how data were gathered, they can ensure the data are used appropriately. Another possible strategy is transfer learning fine-tuning a descriptively trained model on a small amount of normative data. This approach, as well as exploring real-world contexts like medical diagnosis, financial auditing, and legal judgments, could help researchers ensure that AI models accurately capture human decision-making and avoid negative consequences.

In conclusion, AI models making harsher judgements on rule violations due to descriptive training data instead of normative data can have real-world implications, such as stricter judicial sentences and potential negative impacts. Researchers suggest improving dataset transparency, matching training context to deployment context, and exploring real-world applications to ensure AI models accurately replicate human decision-making.

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Harsh AI judgements: The impact of training data - Innovation Origins

In the mid-1980s, a bright red computer terminal that provided lawyers with online access to case law was an iconic status symbol. The UBIQ terminal hooked lawyers up to the Lexis service, at the time one of the first legal technology systems, using full-text search capabilities to provide rapid access to information. The conventional wisdom at that time was that computers were soon going to make extensive legal libraries and paper obsolete.

Thirty-five years on, what has happened? After years of chronic underinvestment in technology and embracing data and systems at the core of the digital agenda, lawyers remain comfortable with paper. Legal documentation has not been effectively digitised and, as a result, legal teams continue to wrestle with data management.

With the next inflexion point in legal technology evolution, including artificial intelligence and smart contracts, fast arriving, Eric Mueller, Chief Operating Officer and Managing Director, D2 Legal Technology and early Lexis developer, asks: Is the legal function finally ready to embrace legal tech and unlock tangible business value?

Senior lawyers have been lampooned for years for their lack of technology confidence. Yet each subsequent generation has failed to embrace the innovation in legal tech that could and should have transformed the industry. Thirty-five years ago, however, lawyers were ahead of the curve. A decade before the commercial arrival of the Internet, easy to use browsers and intuitive search engines, there was huge excitement surrounding Lexis, one the first legal technology products.

In 1987, I was a system developer on the advanced technology team of Lexis, and it appeared the legal environment was ready for significant change. The service provided access to all legal case law and it was highly intuitive. Development focused on natural language processing (NLP) a subject still debated today as chatbots become more sophisticated. It included hypertext in an era long before browsers, and used powerful full text search based on key words with Boolean operators, with search results presented in the by relevance list, now ubiquitous with any search engine.

In contrast to todays information services, it was expensive. With no commercially available access to the Internet, Lexis had to accessed through dedicated terminals. The price was per search, putting pressure on users to be very focused on their search terms. The clever decision to use iconic 1980s design to create the red UBIQ terminal, combined with the premium price, heightened the services status: the presence of a UBIQ on a lawyers desk was a sure sign of success. High profile senior lawyers saw legal technology as the future.

What happened? When lawyers had online access to case law thirty-five years ago, it seems utterly astonishing that the adoption of legal technology has been so limited ever since. This was a tool delivering tangible value. It was revolutionary, replacing the expensive libraries of case law books that required regular updates. It removed the need for dedicated librarians and time-consuming manual search. And while it was expensive, it was a cost that could be both charged back to clients and justifiable in the removal of the paper-based case law libraries.

Lexis completely changed the way lawyers search for information. One of the services even included the ability to construct a dedicated library that could host any type of document, leveraging Lexis ground breaking, full-text search capabilities, and thereby enabling the storage of legal agreements in the database. So why did the adoption of legal technology fail to evolve? Lawyers were slow to adopt PCs and they were behind the curve in mobile technology. Many legal teams still lack access to fully digitised records and their concerns relating the potential use of smart contracts are linked to a lack of widespread digitisation.

It is extraordinary to consider what the legal industry could have achieved if the early adoption of legal tech had not stalled. Sadly, rather than being innovative and embracing the potential of digital records, the industry has underinvested in both legal technology and good data management for the past three decades. Generation after generation of lawyers have failed to take advantage of the power of legal tech to improve client services, reduce risk and enhance efficiency.

The impact of this lack of investment is evident in every legal environment from the financial services in-house teams to law firms. These organisations continue to struggle to manage large volumes of legal documentation, resulting in additional risk, cost and a loss of productivity. Yet the technology has been available, proven and trusted for decades.

Lawyers have, quite simply, failed to step up and make the business case for investment in legal tech. While other industries have forged ahead, lawyers have accepted the status quo, continued to rely on paper-based records and time-consuming manual processes. Opportunity after opportunity to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the legal function has been missed.

Now, however, it is becoming essential to take a far more proactive approach and truly understand the power of legal tech. Debates about the disruptive technologies such as AI and chatbots are increasingly placing a spotlight on the role of the lawyer of the future. But how can any legal function consider this next wave of tech innovation when still reliant on outdated processes and undigitised information resources? It is now vital that lawyers step away from the paper-based comfort zone, explore the benefits of legal tech and actively make the business case for investment.

The world has changed massively since 1987 and the rate of change is increasing. It is completely unacceptable that legal functions are not effectively using mature legal tech to improve data quality and accessibility or to support automated processes and de-risk operations. Document digitisation is now a fundamental requirement, not only to meet current demands but to also ensure the legal function is best placed to respond to the challenges of the near future.

The legal industry missed a compelling opportunity to build on early innovation and it cannot afford to roll the clock forward another 35 years without making vital investment in embracing the increasingly digital world.

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A New Dawn of Legal Technology - Global Banking And Finance Review

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Considering all the various speculations in the crypto scene, Cardano (ADA), XRP (XRP), and Ape Brigade (APES) have emerged as the best long-term crypto investments that users and traders can consider in 2023 to reap extended gains and benefits.

Recently, the long-awaited launch of Hydra Head took place on the Cardano blockchains mainnet, presenting a scaling solution designed to expedite transactions. Optimistic members within the Cardano community speculate that this development could potentially enable the network to handle an impressive traffic of 1 million transactions per second (TPS), the potential to be the fastest TPS in the blockchain space.

Ape Brigade (APES) is an upcoming meme coin that is generating excitement in the cryptocurrency market. With a strong focus on animal welfare, particularly the conservation of apes and wildlife, Ape Brigade dedicates 10% of its token supply to support these efforts. Furthermore, the community stands to benefit from a locked liquidity pool of 20%, ensuring stability and liquidity for the token.

Additionally, an incentivized staking system allows users to earn rewards based on their APES holdings and staking duration, with 15% of the total supply reserved exclusively for staking rewards. Ape Brigade operates as an ERC20 token on the Ethereum blockchain, guaranteeing security, transparency, and accessibility for all.

The projects roadmap includes exciting plans such as the introduction of an NFT Space, which will play a vital role in their ecosystem. With a passionate community, a charitable mission, and advanced technology, Ape Brigade (APES) is poised to make a remarkable impact in the world of cryptocurrencies.

Cardano is a blockchain platform that aims to establish a secure and scalable foundation for decentralized applications and smart contracts. Its primary objective is to create a reliable infrastructure that enables the development of innovative and decentralized solutions.

The launch of Hydra Head follows a series of significant improvements to Cardano (ADA) throughout the year, with a notable focus on decentralized finance (DeFi). Addressing the narratives surrounding the release of L2 Hydra on the mainnet, Cardanos Technical Director, Matthias Benkort, offered his insights and clarified that the newly introduced scaling solution, Hydra, is presently incapable of handling 1 million TPS.

Each Hydra Head functions as a decentralized mini ledger shared among a small group of users. Besides facilitating faster transactions, this approach also helps reduce costs as well. Developers can utilize Hydra Heads on the Cardano blockchain to build intricate DeFi protocols, which enables the creation of advanced and sophisticated financial applications within the Cardano ecosystem.

XRP (XRP) is a digital asset and cryptocurrency that operates on the Ripple payment protocol. It is designed for fast and low-cost international money transfers and is utilized by banks and financial institutions for cross-border transactions. XRPs main goal is to facilitate efficient global money transfers and improve liquidity in the financial industry.

In conclusion, Cardanos recent denial of speculation regarding 1 million transactions per second (TPS) post Hydra Head deployment clarifies the current capabilities of the ADA network. While the launch of Hydra Head brings enhanced scalability to Cardano, it is important to refer to official sources for accurate information.

Meanwhile, if you are looking for the best long-term crypto investments in 2023, Cardano, XRP, and Ape Brigade (APES) stand out. Cardano continues to revolutionize DeFi with its advanced features and scalability, while XRP maintains its position as a reliable choice for seamless cross-border transactions. Ape Brigade (APES) captures attention with its passionate community, commitment to wildlife conservation, and advanced technology as it enters the market with promising potential.

Website: https://apebrigade.io/

Twitter: https://twitter.com/_ApeBrigade_

Telegram: https://t.me/ApeBrigadeOfficial

*This article was paid for Cryptonomist did not write the article or test the platform.

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Ape Brigade: Best Long-term Crypto Project - The Cryptonomist

As markets brace for a likely recession ahead, investors search for cryptos that can survive market crashes. Uncertainty looms large over the Federal Reserves plans, elevating volatility across the board.

Against this backdrop, the crypto market stands to benefit as investors hunt for returns in a market that has exhibited an inverse correlation with traditional financial systems,

This phenomenon shows the best cryptos for portfolio diversification, drawing attention to those with high stability and security, low risk, and real-world applications.

Aspects such as smart contracts, cross-platform interoperability, and lightning-fast transaction speeds further pique the interest of both existing and potential investors.

In this evolving financial landscape, savvy investors are looking for resilient cryptos with low volatility and risk that not only withstand market turmoil but also offer valuable opportunities for diversification.

Source: Sittipong Phokawattana / Shutterstock.com

Bitcoin(BTC-USD) is the crown jewel of the crypto world, boasting a market cap of over $540 billion, representing nearly 50% of the entire sectors capital.

After a torrid 2022, the first quarter of the year has had BTC skyrocketing from $16,000 to a jaw-dropping $28,000. The recent lull in inflation hints at a shift in the Federal Reserves hawkish stance, fueling bullish sentiments.

BTCs unrivaled crypto liquidity allows investors to trade and convert profits into real-world currency seamlessly. With the step-changes during the pandemic, a sizeable amount of institutional capital is parked in BTC, further solidifying its bull case. Hence, with these interesting advantages, its no wonder why BTC continues to steamroll its competition.

Source: shutterstock.com/BT Side

Ethereum(ETH-USD) is the second most popular crypto in terms of market cap and often mirrors Bitcoins movements.

Its no surprise that it enjoyed a robust first quarter, soaring from $1,200 to a remarkable $1,800. The platforms sheer size and magnetic appeal to institutional investors make it a safe bet during heightened volatility.

The platform has been undergoing multiple changes, boosting scalability, security, and safety. It will introduce an innovative scaling solution called roll-ups that accelerate transactions while cutting user fees.

Its much-talked-about proto-dank sharding upgrade is expected to be launched in the second half of 2023, making transactions roughly 40 to 100 times cheaper.

The recent Shanghai fork has effectively laid the groundwork for brighter future ETH enthusiasts. These cutting-edge enhancements will further cement ETHs status as an industry trailblazer.

Source: Shutterstock

Cardano(ADA-USD) is arguably one of the most popular altcoins, which is nipping at BTCs heels in the race for year-to-date gains.

Conceived by Ethereum co-founder Charles Hoskinson, ADA boasts a wide variety of features similar to ETH, including a public blockchain platform, a robust proof-of-stake model, and enabling decentralized finance transactions.

Cardanos breakneck pace and powerful technology have helped it rise up the ranks of the hotly competitive crypto sphere. With its capabilities of handling one million transactions per second and minimal energy footprint, it has become one the top crypto picks of crypto investors.

With a slew of upgrades on the horizon, Cardano will bolster its security and enable seamless interconnectivity with other blockchains. Should these enhancements live up to expectations, we could witness a major rally in ADA.

Source: Rcc_Btn / Shutterstock.com

Solana(SOL-USD) is another dazzling altcoin that was one of the stand-out performers during the pandemic years.

However, like its peers, it shed a ton of value last year, dropping over 90% in value. Its been ticking in the green since the start of the year; the jury is still unsure whether Solana can sustain its upward trajectory throughout 2023.

Solana offers various applications, spanning decentralized finance, gaming, non-fungible tokens (NFT), and others. The Layer 1 blockchain network outperformed Ethereum multiple times in the past few years across all key crypto verticals.

Most recently, the platform announced its foray into the burgeoning artificial intelligence sector. Solana users can now effectively interact with the network using an open-source plugin for the AI chatbot, ChatGPT.

This development allows users to monitor wallet balances, transfer Solana-native tokens, and even scoop up NFTs. Also, it unveiled its crypto-centric smartphone, Saga, which will function as a dedicated wallet for digital currencies.

Source: sdx15 / Shutterstock.com

As one of the top Layer 2 scaling solutions, Polygon(MATIC-USD) swoops in to address the speed-related issues that impact first-generation crypto protocols such as Bitcoin and Ethereum.

It primarily caters to the Ethereum network and has emerged as a vital cog in the platforms machine. Its future hinges on Ethereums dominance and sluggish transaction speeds. Given the Ethereum networks current speeds, Polygon will remain relevant in the crypto sphere.

Polygon secured a whopping $450 million investment from Sequoia Capital in growing its network. The company spent $1 billion in 2021 and early 2022 to add new firms to its network and expand its offerings.

Though the bear market has dampened investor sentiment, a revived bull market could ignite another major lift-off. Likewise, if more projects flock to the Polygon network, the outlook for MATIC will be bullish.

Source: Zarko Prusac / Shutterstock.com

Dogecoin is certainly a fan-favorite in the crypto realm, but many would argue that it is both a blessing and a curse.

With a massive and loyal online community behind it, DOGE will remain relevant despite its risk.

Though it does not have the same utility as other cryptos mentioned in the article, Dogecoins status as a leading crypto cannot be argued with.

Throughout the year, DOGE has witnessed several days where daily values have increased by 10%, enticing investors to capitalize on long-term gains. It has become a magnet for speculative crypto enthusiasts who want to capture lofty gains fueled by volatility.

Furthermore, it boasts a daily liquidity volume of more than $230 million, roughly 24 hours preceding this article, further highlighting its appeal to investors seeking a dynamic crypto asset.

Source: Stanslavs / Shutterstock.com

Chainlink(LINK-USD) is another popular altcoin that is essentially a powerful blockchain network of oracles.

Oracles efficiently connect real-world data with decentralized systems. Chainlink is essentially revolutionizing the smart contract real by delivering critical data capacity to various blockchains.

Also, as a major catalyst for Web 3.0 development, the platforms dynamic exits optimize smart contract efficiency.

Effectively bridging the gap between on-chain and off-chain data sources, Chainlink provides crucial input for smart contracts.

Though the LINK token took hiding last year, its future gleams with promise. The token is up an impressive 30% since the years onset, showcasing the tokens long-term potential for growth and survival in unconducive markets.

Chainlinks spectacular progress signals its unwavering commitment to driving innovation in its sector.

On the date of publication, Muslim Farooque did not have (either directly or indirectly) any positions in the securities mentioned in this article.The opinions expressed in this article are those of the writer, subject to the InvestorPlace.comPublishing Guidelines

Muslim Farooque is a keen investor and an optimist at heart. A life-long gamer and tech enthusiast, he has a particular affinity for analyzing technology stocks. Muslim holds a bachelors of science degree in applied accounting from Oxford Brookes University.

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7 Must-Buy Cryptos That Can Survive Market Crashes - InvestorPlace

The decentralized Gala Games ecosystem has announced the launch of its Version 2 (V2) and the corresponding airdrop for all GALA Version 1 (V1) token holders. With the snapshot for the airdrop less than ten hours away, the token is rallying, yielding nearly 5% gains for holders overnight.

Also read: Lido Version 2 rollout on the Ethereum mainnet likely to be a sell-the-news event

GALAs Version 2 airdrop is scheduled to occur on Monday, as the games ecosystem prepares for the event. All holders of GALA V1 tokens will receive a 1:1 airdrop of the V2 token following the snapshot.

Gala Games ecosystem asked users to ensure that their V1 tokens are held in their private wallets or wallets of exchanges that support the Version 2 rollout.

Developers asked users to remove their GALA tokens from liquidity pools or smart contracts before snapshot on May 15 as there is no guarantee that tokens dropped to liquidity pool contracts will be recoverable.

Countdown to GALA V2 token snapshot

Ahead of the token airdrop, the protocols token yielded 5% gains for traders in a 24-hour timeframe. GALA price could correct in response to the airdrop, given the token has been rallying for a week in anticipation of the event.

If the event turns out to be sell-the-news, GALA price could pullback to support at $0.028.

GALA price is in a downtrend that started in February 2022. The token started its recovery in the beginning of 2023 with a 217% gain in the first week of January and 68% rally in the second week of March. With a definitive close above the descending trendline, GALA price could be poised for a similar price rally in May.

GALA/USD 1-day price chart

The immediate resistances are at $0.0592, $0.0879 and $0.1320, key levels for GALA throughout the second half of 2022. In the event of a decline, GALA price could nosedive to $0.0200, a level previously seen in the beginning of 2023.

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GALA price rallies 5% ahead of Version 2 tokens airdrop - FXStreet