Archive for the ‘Smart Contracts’ Category

1 in 6 new Base meme coins are scams, 91% have vulnerabilities – TradingView

Ever since the Dencun upgrade that dramatically lowered fees on Ethereum layer 2s, Coinbases not-very-decentralized rollup Base has surged in user numbers, transactions and total value locked.As with the fast and cheap L1 blockchain Solana, most of the activity is being fuelled by degenerate gambling on memecoins, with hopefuls vying to make life-changing amounts of money from a small outlay.

But an investigation by Magazine has found the vast majority of memecoins on the platform have security vulnerabilities that could expose users to big losses.

And almost one in five are deliberately malicious and use a variety of tricks to steal user funds.

Magazine compiled security profiles of 1,000 new Base tokens virtually all of them memecoins or scams launched between March 19 to 25. This is not a comprehensive audit, as there are more than 380,000 ERC-20 tokens on Base currently; however, it is a representative sample of 1,000 tokens launched that week.

The tokens were analyzed by automated auditors on the trading analytics platform DEXTools to determine whether each project has implemented three fundamental security measures: locked liquidity, verified contracts and absence of honeypots.

For the uninitiated, that means:

Locked liquidity in decentralized finance (DeFi) is when a portion of a cryptocurrencys trading pair is sealed by a smart contract. This directly addresses rug pull concerns.

A verified contract means that a projects smart contract is accessible for investors to review possible risks.

A honeypot is a type of scam that lures investors with high-profit potential but prevents them from selling.

According to the analysis, 908 projects, or 90.8% of the sampled tokens, failed at least one of these security conditions.

While some security flaws may indicate potential illicit activities, they are just as likely to reflect memecoin creators lack of knowledge about proper security procedures, especially if theyve launched a token as a joke or to troll the industry.

This scenario underscores the challenges faced by projects that may not have the resources to hire security experts or conduct independent assessments of their smart contracts, David Schwed, chief operating officer at security firm Halborn, tells Magazine. He adds that the fact many projects just copy and paste existing tokens means that flaws are replicated.

The tendency of these projects to be forks of existing projects or generated through AI means they often inherit vulnerabilities or introduce new ones.

17% of tokens on Base are outright crypto scams

But while inept founders bumbling their way through a launch explains the majority of issues, a disturbingly high proportion of tokens are outright scams.

According to the analysis, 16.9% of the projects are suspected of malicious intent through exaggerated sales taxes, or they are honeypots, a type of scam that includes conditions to prevent owners from selling tokens.

Possible honeypots were found in 121 projects. An additional 48 had sales tax as high as 100%, which is no different from outright theft.

Its worth noting that memecoin scams can take various forms, and automated auditors can mislabel some tokens or even miss some creative schemes.

Presale rug pulls have become a rising trend on the Solana network, and they are difficult to identify because they often rely on social engineering tactics and hype. Sometimes, a token presale is conducted for a project that doesnt even have a smart contract to be audited.

A recent study by Blockaid reportedly found that half of Solana presale tokens launched between November and February were malicious.

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Most common memecoin vulnerability on Base is a potential rug pull

The most common security vulnerability among the 1,000 projects analyzed was found in their liquidity pools.

Locked liquidity immediately prevents LP rug pulls and provides a level of confidence which I see as a basis for any project that has a desire to show themselves to be trustworthy and legitimate, Vesper, founder of MYSTCL on Base, tells Magazine.

Of the sampled tokens, 905 projects, or 90.5%, did not lock their liquidity, which makes them prone to rug pulls.

In decentralized exchanges, a token must be paired with a more established asset like Ether or stablecoins. Investors contribute to increasing the liquidity pools value by exchanging these established tokens for the new memecoin.

A rug pull is a type of scam where developers withdraw all of the ETH, stablecoins or other assets from the liquidity pool and abandon the project.

A direct countermeasure against rug pull risks is when developers lock their liquidity pools. This action serves as a code-enforced guarantee that they wont, and cant, access the liquidity pool. Sometimes, these promises have expiration dates.

Just because a project does not have locked liquidity doesnt automatically classify it as a rug waiting to be yanked.

According to Vesper, there could be reasonable explanations for liquidity being unlocked, such as migrating liquidity from one decentralized exchange (DEX) to another.

In such cases, projects can have additional security layers to gain trust, such as having verified contracts.

Among the 905 projects without locked liquidity, 675 of them had verified contracts.

As for the other 230 tokens without locked liquidity or verified contracts, Vesper, who is also the lead developer of the projects he founded, says there is no legitimate reason a token would have an unverified contract.

DApps may protect their code for competitive reasons (with auditing being a must in this case) [but] tokens have no such valid reason to not verify their contract, Vesper says.

Coinbase provides a fairly boilerplate response to Magazines questions, pointing out that Base is permissionless.

While we do not endorse specific assets, we are supportive of builders entering the Base ecosystem, and we are continuing to focus on making on-chain technology more accessible with faster and cheaper transactions.

Memecoins pump Base DeFi to new highs

When Magazine compiled the security profiles of the 1,000 Base projects, there were around 1,300 new tokens in the seven-day period to March 25, according to trading data provider Birdeye.

But in the week to April 2, that number exploded to 4,000.

Throughout this period, new tokens launched on Solana maintained a constant weekly estimate of 19,000.

While Bases rise to memecoin stardom hasnt had much of an impact on the rate of new projects on Solana, volumes on DEXs tell a different story.

In the seven days to April 2, trading volumes in Solana DEXs dropped, with the top five falling by 20% to as high as 59.5%, according to DefiLlama.

Meanwhile, four of the top five Base DEXs had positive changes in trading volume, with Uniswap leading the charge with a 147% rise to $405.09 million.

On Solana, Uniswaps trading volume would rank second, behind Orcas $484.17 million.

The intangibles in fungibles

The recent memecoin pump has split the industry into two conflicting camps.

One side has been critical of memecoins popularity due to their lack of utility and high scam rates.

Security vulnerabilities in new memecoin projects reflect a broader trend that is generally observable across the memecoin ecosystem, Schwed says.

On the other side of the spectrum, some industry watchers cheer on the memecoin rally for onboarding new investors into the space.

You can poo-poo these things as stupid and valueless, but if it brings attention and more engineers to the space, its positive value for the chain itself, Arthur Hayes, co-founder of derivatives exchange BitMEX, told Real Vision CEO Raoul Pal in a recent interview.

Vesper says that his dev roots aligned him to the creation of utility but recently, he had a change of heart.

Ive come to realize that there are non-tangible energies that drive the crypto space as well, and that theyre just as much a part of it as blockchains and smart contracts.

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1 in 6 new Base meme coins are scams, 91% have vulnerabilities - TradingView

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The complete guide to full stack BSV blockchain development – CoinGeek

This post was first published onMedium.

In this guide, youll learn a Web3 tech stack that will allow you to build full stack decentralized apps on the Bitcoin SV blockchain. We will walk through the entire process of building a full stack decentralized Tic-Tac-Toe, including:

By the end, you will have a fully functionalTic-Tac-Toe Apprunning on Bitcoin.

What we will use

Lets go over the main pieces we will be using and how they fit into the stack.

1. sCrypt Framework

sCrypt is a TypeScript framework to develop smart contracts on Bitcoin. It offers a complete tech stack:

2. Yours Wallet

Yours Walletis an open-source digital wallet for BSV and1Sat Ordinalsthat enables access to decentralized applications developed onBitcoin SV. Yours Wallet generates and manages private keys for its users in a non-custodial manner, ensuring that the users have full control over their funds and transactions. These keys can be utilized within the wallet to securely store funds and authorize transactions.

3. React

React.js, often simply referred to as React, is a JavaScript library developed by Facebook. Its primarily used for building user interfaces (UIs) for web applications. It simplifies the process of building dynamic and interactive web applications and continues to be seemingly dominating the front-end space.

What we will Build

We will build a very simple Tic-Tac-Toe game on chain. It uses the Bitcoin addresses of two players (Alice and Bob respectively) to initialize a smart contract. They each bet the same amount and lock it into the contract. The winner takes all bitcoins locked in the contract. If no one wins and there is a draw, the two players can each withdraw half of the money. Tic-Tac-Toe, the age-old game of strategy and skill, has now found its way onto the blockchain thanks to the power of sCrypt.

Prerequisites

Getting Started

Lets simply create a new React project.

Firstly lets create a new React project with TypeScript template.

Then, change the directory to the tic-tac-toe project directory and also run theinitcommand of theCLIto addsCryptsupport in your project.

Tic-tac-toe Contract

Next, lets create a contract atsrc/contracts/tictactoe.ts:

Properties

The Tic-Tac-Toe contract features several essential properties that define its functionality:

Constructor

Upon deployment, the constructor initializes the contract with the public keys of Alice and Bob. Additionally, it sets up an empty game board to kickstart the game play.

Public methods

Each contract must have at least one public@method. It is denoted with thepublicmodifier and does not return any value. It is visible outside the contract and acts as the main method into the contract (likemainin C and Java).

The public method in the contract ismove(), which allows players to make their moves on the board. This method validates the moves, checks the players signature, updates the game state, and determines the outcome of the game.

Signature verification

Once the game contract is deployed, anyone can view and potentially interact with it. We need an authentication mechanism to ensure only the desired player can update the contract if its their turn. This is achieved using digital signatures.

Only the authorized player can make a move during their turn, validated through their respective public key stored in the contract.

Non-Public methods

The contract includes two non-public methods,won()andfull(), responsible for determining whether a player has won the game and if the board is full, leading to a draw.

Tx Builder: buildTxForMove

Bitcoin transaction can have multiple inputs and outputs. We need to build a transaction when calling a contract.

Here, we have implement acustomize transactionbuilder for themove()method as below:

Integrate Front-end (React)

After we have written/tested our contract, we can integrate it with front-end so that users can play our game.

First, lets compile the contract and get the contract artifact json file by running the command below:

You should see an artifact filetictactoe.jsonin theartifactsdirectory. It can be used to initialize a contract at the front end.

Install and Fund Wallet

Before deploying a contract, we need to connect a wallet first. We useYours Wallet, a MetaMask-like wallet.

After installing the wallet, click thesettingsbutton in the upper right corner to switch to testnet. Then copy your wallet address and go to ourfaucetto fund it.

Connect to wallet

We callrequestAuth()to request to connect to the wallet. If the request is approved by the user, we now have full access to the wallet. We can, for example, callgetDefaultPubKey()to get its public key.

Initialize the contract

We have obtained the contract classTictactoe by loading the contract artifact file. When a user clicks thestartbutton, the contract is initialized with the public keys of two playersaliceandbob. The public key can be obtained through callingetDefaultPubKey()ofSigner.

The following code initializes the contract.

Call the contract

Now we can start playing the game. Every move is a call to the contract and triggers a change in the state of the contract.

After finishing with the front-end you can simply run :

You can now view it at `http://localhost:3000/` in your browser.

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have just built your first full stack dApp on Bitcoin. Now you can playtic-tac-toeor build your favorite game on Bitcoin. Now would be a good time to pop some champagne if you havent already :).

One session of play can be viewed here:

All the code can be found atthis github repo.

By default, we deploy the contract on testnet. You can easily change it to mainnet.

Watch: sCrypt Hackathon 2024 (17th March 2024, PM)

New to blockchain? Check out CoinGeeks Blockchain for Beginners section, the ultimate resource guide to learn more about blockchain technology.

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BlockDAG Smart Contract Leads With 20,000x ROIs As Top Trending Crypto Surpassing Dogecoin Rally And ICP’s … – Blockchain Magazine

April 5, 2024 by Carolyna Mavis

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The Digital asset landscape has been buzzing with the Internet Computer price prediction surge and the Dogecoin rally. BlockDAG (BDAG) revolutionises blockchain development, attracting investors and developers with its smart contract capabilities, fueling the creation of self-executing agreements and automated workflows, and overcoming traditional blockchain limitations and boundaries. Stay ahead of the curve with exclusive

The Digital asset landscape has been buzzing with the Internet Computer price prediction surge and the Dogecoin rally. BlockDAG (BDAG) revolutionises blockchain development, attracting investors and developers with its smart contract capabilities, fueling the creation of self-executing agreements and automated workflows, and overcoming traditional blockchain limitations and boundaries. Stay ahead of the curve with exclusive insights!

At the end of March, Internet Computer Coin broke above the previous range of $16.30 and $10.30, forming new highs just above $20. The cryptocurrency has pulled back, going through another consolidation phase just at the 38.2% Fibonacci retracement, showing buying pressure, although selling pressure has set in.

The fact that Internet Computer is again trading above its 50-day moving average provides further evidence of this resilience. This could comfort the notion that the current trend will continue. As for future price predictions for Internet Computer, if Internet Computers price stays above $16, we can expect the bullish trend to continue, reaching $21. However, we might retreat to about $13 if the price of the Internet Computer cannot stay above $16.

Dogecoin has avoided the FOMO that usually follows such strong advances, even amid an intense rally, suggesting that there may be hope for the bullish trend to continue. A surge in the total number of holders plays a crucial role in this bullish event, representing the collective count of active Dogecoin addresses with non-zero balances currently. We can trace several rationales to this surge, one of which is the introduction of new players in this field.

The other could be several different stimuli. For example, existing Dogecoin holders may be distributing their holdings among several addresses to benefit from greater privacy. Historically, many traders have entered the market simultaneously as rising prices indicate growing FOMO, which could indicate an impending peak. However, considering the deficient level of FOMO surrounding Dogecoin, this might be a positive indication of the Dogecoin rallys continued success.

BlockDAGs low-code and no-code smart contract capabilities democratise blockchain development, catering to a broad developer spectrum and turning blockchain visions into reality, even without a deep coding background. This Low-code/Nocode platform simplifies the creation of utility tokens, meme tokens, and NFTs. This allows a variety of pre-built templates tailored to requirements and a simplified deployment by this intuitive interface.

Empowering individuals and businesses to innovate on the blockchain accelerates development timelines, reduces time-to-market, and expands the blockDAG ecosystem with diverse new projects. BlockDAG seamlessly integrates with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), enabling developers to deploy existing Ethereum-based smart contracts effortlessly, thus expediting project development. This compatibility provides access to diverse resources and a well-established blockchain community. Additionally, numerous tools from Ethereum, including various web3 tools and MetaMask, are directly compatible with the BlockDAG network.

With Dogecoin rallying amid FOMO, Internet Computer price predictions for the future may be optimistic, but nothing is a certainty in the world of cryptocurrency.

Stay ahead of the curb and enjoy the top trading crypto: BlockDAG, with a high transaction throughput of 10,000-15,000 Transactions Per Second, exceeding that of traditional blockchain networks. Already raising $13.2 million in presale, it holds the potential for 20,000x ROI.

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BlockDAG Smart Contract Leads With 20,000x ROIs As Top Trending Crypto Surpassing Dogecoin Rally And ICP's ... - Blockchain Magazine

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What Is Ethereum Restaking? – Ledger

Apr 4, 2024 | Updated Apr 4, 2024

The process involves using staked Ether or Liquid Staking Tokens to simultaneously stake on another Ethereum protocol, which some commentators warn could ultimately compromise the base networks resilience.

EigenLayer, the protocol that introduced restaking, sees it as a way to supercharge innovation in the Ethereum ecosystem by establishing pooled decentralized security.

As the heart of all blockchain networks, the importance of consensus mechanisms cant be overstated. In the case of the worlds second-largest cryptocurrency, Ethereum, its proof-of-stake consensus model is a crucial part of its security and function. At present, the Ethereum network is shored up by nearly 1 million network validators and over 31 million staked Ether, lending it formidable security.

Of course, creating a network of validators even a fraction of the size of Ethereums is a challenging and costly task. This serves as a major roadblock for new and emerging protocols in the ecosystem, stifling what might otherwise be promising innovations.

But what if there was a way to leverage Ethereums established security for new projects being built on the network? Could that unlock a whole new level of progress for the ecosystem as a whole?

Thats the thinking behind Ethereum restaking, a concept that wants to share Ethereums validator network for the benefit of new protocols, stakers, and the Ethereum community at large.

But just what is ETH restaking? How does it work, and are there any risks when it comes to restaking your ETH? In this article, Ledger Academy will walk you through all of that and more.

To understand restaking, lets take a step back and look at what staking is and how it works on the Ethereum network.

Ethereum staking is the basis for the networks proof-of-stake consensus model. One way to look at staking is as a collateral system that helps keep Ethereum secure.

If someone wants to act as an Ethereum validator, they must first put up a stake of (at least) 32 ETH. In return for processing transactions, they receive staking rewards. Conversely, if the validator acts dishonestly or does anything that could harm the network, they may lose their staked ETH via a process called slashing.

As the name implies, Ethereum restaking is the process of taking ETH that has already been staked on Ethereum and using it to simultaneously secure other decentralized protocols. As with normal staking, restaking earns users staking rewards from the protocol(s) they help to secure.

While earning extra rewards is a major incentive for restaking, it isnt the main reason for the concept. The larger idea behind restaking is so that less developed protocols can take advantage of Ethereums robust community of network validators: something that is costly and resource-intensive to do otherwise.

Notably, the restaking mechanism did not come about as the result of an Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP) or the Ethereum Roadmap. Rather, it was designed by a third-party protocol, EigenLayer.

Founded in 2021, EigenLayer is an Ethereum middleware platform, which simply means that it sits between the Layer 1 network and other applications, allowing them to interact. As of yet, EigenLayer is the only decentralized protocol that offers ETH restaking.

EigenLayer deploys Ethereum smart contracts that allow stakers to restake their ETH on compatible protocols. The platform also acts as a staking marketplace, allowing the three main parties involvedstakers, network validators, and protocolsto find each other.

Since its initial launch in June 2023, EigenLayer has enjoyed massive growth, becoming one of the largest blockchain protocols out there. Over $10 billion worth of ETH has been restaked through EigenLayer, giving it a higher total value locked (TVL) than major DeFi platforms such as Aave, Rocket Pool, and Uniswap.

EigenLayers rapid ascent speaks to an obvious demand for restaking and the added rewards that it brings users. But how exactly do users earn these rewards? To understand fully, lets dive into how Ethereum restaking works

Currently, EigenLayer is the only option you have to restake your ETH. So lets explore how this project approaches the mechanism.

Restaking on EigenLayer allows its smart contracts to place additional slashing conditions on your staked ETH. This is how EigenLayer extends Ethereums security to the protocols In its ecosystem, which it calls Actively Validated Services (AVSs). If a restaking validator doesnt perform their duties for their AVS, they are subject to having their ETH stake slashed.

This happens through on-chain slashing contracts and specific smart contracts called EigenPods. You can think of these as an additional account that sits between a restakers wallet and their stake. Staking withdrawals and rewards all have to go through the EigenPod before going to a validators account, which gives EigenLayer the ability to enact penalties on validators who act poorly.

Native restaking follows a similar process to natively staking ETH, meaning that this option is only available to those willing to run (or already running) an Ethereum validator node. The only difference with native restaking is that an EigenPod becomes the withdrawal address for your stake.

As for liquid restaking, its important to first consider how liquid staking works.

Similarly to native staking, liquid staking involves locking tokens up in a smart contract. The key difference, however, is that the liquid staking platform then gives you liquid staking tokens (LSTs) in return. You can then use these LSTs as you would any other token on DeFi applications. Liquid restaking, therefore, is when users deposit LSTs into the EigenLayer contracts.

EigenLayer currently supports staking for 12 LSTs, including popular options like Rocket Pool Ether (rETH), Lido Staked Ether (stETH), and Coinbase Staked Ether (cbETH).

Significantly, some platforms expand liquid restaking utility even further. For example, the protocols Renzo and EtherFi both serve as liquid restaking platforms for EigenLayer. These protocols accept users LSTs and give them Liquid Restaking/Receipt Tokens (LRTs) in return.

Several liquid restaking platforms have emerged recently, looking to expand restaking utility even further. Similarly to liquid staking, users restake their LSTs with these platforms and receive Liquid Restaking/Receipt Tokens (LRTs) in return.

Once you have successfully staked your ETH or deposited your LSTs, you then have to delegate your stake. The entities that you delegate to the ones directly helping to run Actively Validated Services on EigenLayer are called operators.

Similarly to staking ETH, there are two options here. You can either act as an operator and self-delegate, or you can delegate your stake to an existing operator. While simply delegating your stake to an operator is the simplest option, self-delegation gives you more control and responsibility. Importantly, stakers can not dictate to operators what AVS they operate.

The clearest benefit of restaking Ether is that it compounds rewards for stakers. While the exact rate of staking rewards fluctuates over time and varies depending on the staking platform, ETH stakers can expect an annual percentage yield of roughly 3%. In other words, you would earn around 3% of the amount you stake over one year.

By restaking, you can supplement your ETH staking rewards with rewards from multiple other protocols. Of course, the rate of rewards will depend on the specific AVS that your staked ETH is going towards.

The other major benefit of ETH restaking is how it lowers costs for new protocols being built on Ethereum. To explain, before the arrival of restaking, new protocols would have to go through the costly process of developing their own validator networks. Thanks to restaking, new protocols can now take advantage of Ethereums well-developed validator network. This concept, where decentralized protocols can share validator-powered security, is known as pooled security.

Due to the high costs associated with launching a new protocol on Ethereum, projects previously went to Layer 2 blockchains as a solution. While these networks can lower costs for new protocols, they also come with some drawbacks.

The design of some Layer 2 chains can lead to certain constraints on protocol architecture such as customization options and the kinds of transactions a protocol can access. Staying and building on Ethereum and using the pooled security that restaking brings means that protocols are freer to build the architecture that best suits their needs, without constraints.

Besides being good for the individual protocols, this is also a major benefit to the Ethereum ecosystem as a whole. The more protocols that can be built on Layer 1, the more innovation can happen without liquidity siphoning off to other chains.

As previously mentioned, slashing is a vital component of proof-of-stake systems that helps to keep participants honest. That being said, the nature of slashing means that it can also have negative consequences for people even when theyre not doing any explicit harm to the network.

For example, many ETH stakers do not act as network validators themselves, meaning that they simply delegate their stake to a validator. If their delegated validator behaved poorly, these stakers could still stand to lose their stake to slashing.

Slashing can also be a risk even for validators who are acting honestly. To sum up briefly, because validators can get a slashing penalty if their node goes offline, many validators set up backup rigs. However, if the network detects the same validator keys coming from two different servers, it also punishes this with slashing (to prevent double-spending).

Thats all to say that, no matter how it is done, staking always comes with some level of slashing risk. Therefore by restaking, you are necessarily increasing the risk that you could become subject to slashing.

Although restaking arguably works to keep more ETH within the ecosystem, you must remember that staked ETH is not available. Not to mention that even when you unstake your restaked ETH, you will likely have to wait longer than you would otherwise to withdraw it.

If more restaking protocols like EigenLayer entice enough people with the promise of higher staking rewards, this could lead to fewer independent stakers, and more people staking via such protocols. This effectively causes staking to become more centralized over time.

As previously mentioned, the growth of restaking has brought about a new class of instruments: liquid restaking tokens (LRTs). As these tokens mimic the surge in popularity of LSTs, its important to be aware of the risks they carry.

For one thing, theres the convoluted nature of LRTs. After all, an LRT is a token representing a staked token, which is itself a representation of a staked token. This added complexity raises questions on exactly how LRT providers will distribute losses and gains.

Add onto this the newness of the asset class, and there are likely to be some hiccups as platforms look to hook new users with promises of large yields and unproven tokenomics.

Finally, some believe that using Ethereums validator network as the basis of pooled security can have a destabilizing effect on the base network. One such critic is none other than Ethereum co-founder, Vitalik Buterin.

In a May 2023 blog post, Buterin examines the growing trend of protocols leveraging Ethereums validator network and argues that certain use cases can introduce high systemic risks to the ecosystem. Specifically, Buterin warns that protocols relying on Ethereums social consensus could be a slippery slope.

Ethereums social consensus refers to the large global community of Ethereum developers and other users, who are constantly monitoring the network. This social consensus is vital for the health of the network, as the community can always act to secure the network if its cryptoeconomic consensus fails due to a bug or attack.

Buterins concern is that the people building protocols could begin to view hard forks as a way of bailing them out if anything goes wrong. Ultimately, he goes on to say that as long as projects only seek to use Ethereums validator set, and not its social consensus, they remain low risk. Notably, EigenLayer founder, Sreeram Kannan, agrees with Buterins conclusions, reiterating that an Ethereum fork should never be viewed as a potential solution for a protocols issues.

There are two ways to use EigenLayer to restake Ether: native restaking and liquid restaking.

Heres how you can natively restake ETH on EigenLayer:

If youre looking to get involved in liquid staking you can take the following steps to deposit your LSTs into EigenLayer.

Remember, you can easily exchange ETH for LSTs through Stader Labs or Lido directly from Ledger Live.

All in all, Ethereum restaking is a thoroughly exciting proposition that has brought the concept of pooled security to the forefront of blockchain innovation. Not only can it increase the benefits of staking Ethereum, but it also creates exciting opportunities for up-and-coming blockchain protocols.

And if youre ready to jump into the world of Ethereum staking and staking rewards then look no further than Ledger! Staking Ether on Ledger Live couldnt be easier. When paired with the power of self-custody unlocked by Ledger devices, youll have everything to take on the world of Ethereum staking.

So what are you waiting for? Find the Ledger device thats right for you and start enjoying the freedom of secure self-custody.

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What Is Ethereum Restaking? - Ledger

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The Contract Evolution: Are Smart Contracts Outsmarting Tradition? – yTech

Imagine a world where contracts are alive, pulsating with the electric hum of digitization, securing their own fulfillment without a single whisper from human lips. This is not the beginning of a sci-fi novel; its the potential reality offered by smart contracts. Suddenly, the dusty tomes of legal jargon seem like relics, outshone by lines of code promising precision and invincibility. But are traditional contracts really on the brink of obsolescence, or do they still hold their own weight in our digital dance?

At first glance, smart contracts seem like the perfect solution to the grueling process of drafting, executing, and enforcing traditional contracts. In the digital coliseum, smart contracts are the gladiators, armed with blockchain shields, ensuring transparency and security. Traditional contracts, on the other hand, are the spectators, bound by the physical realm and susceptible to human error and tampering.

Ethereum and other blockchain platforms burst forth from the technological undergrowth, trumpeting the era of the smart contract. Self-executing? Check. No need for intermediaries? Check. Potential cost savings? Double check. Yet, before we leap onto the smart contract bandwagon, tossing traditional paper contracts into the bonfire of the past, lets pump the brakes. Are we sailing into calm digital waters, or are we overlooking the lurking sharks of legal uncertainty and complexity?

Smart contracts are digital rocket ships, promising to transport us to the moon of efficiency. In real estate, they could transfer property ownership in the blink of an eye. In finance, they whisper of instantaneous, transparent transactions without pesky humans to foul things up. However, these rocket ships are still being tested. Theres a void when it comes to regulation and legislationa Wild West of code where pioneers are still laying down the law.

And what about those complex dances of business, the ones where human judgment and intuition lead? Smart contracts march to the beat of binary logic, but some tunes require the nuanced steps of human partners, the subtle negotiations that defy rigid quantification.

As the digital curtain rises on smart contracts, they are not yet ready for their solo performance. Sure, theyre rehearsing, practicing their lines, but the old guardtraditional contractsretain their role in the play. They provide a familiar structure, a legal safety net woven over centuries, customizable and adaptable to the intricate ballet of human dealings.

Consider this: a harmonious blend where smart contracts and traditional contracts share the stage. Here, the efficiency and security of code intertwine with the adaptable experience of human oversight. Its an evolving partnership, a fascinating tango between the predictable and the personal, with each step carefully chosen.

So, lets not rush to judgment. The crowning of smart contracts as the unequivocal champion of agreement-making may come, but for now, its a duo, a push and pull between the old and the new. Their performance together will ultimately shape our digital destinyone of confidence, security, and hopefully, streamlined legal harmony.

Gaze upon the landscape of agreement; the winds of change are certainly blowing, but they have not yet swept away the foundations of tradition. For now, we live in the best of both worlds, navigating our business and transactions with one foot on solid ground and the other stepping into the blockchain revolution.

Marcin Frckiewicz is a renowned author and blogger, specializing in satellite communication and artificial intelligence. His insightful articles delve into the intricacies of these fields, offering readers a deep understanding of complex technological concepts. His work is known for its clarity and thoroughness.

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The Contract Evolution: Are Smart Contracts Outsmarting Tradition? - yTech

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