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Although it is difficult to measure how many people reside in the UK without authorisation, a Home Office study based on Census 2001 data released in March 2005 estimated a population of between 310,000 and 570,000.[1] The methods used are also much debated.[2] Problems arise in particular from the very nature of the target population that is hidden and mostly wants to remain as such.[3] The different definitions of illegality adopted in the studies also pose a significant challenge to the comparability of the data.

More recently, a study carried out by a research team at LSE for the Greater London Authority, published in 2009, estimated the illegal migrant population of the UK by updating the Home Office study.[4] The LSE's study takes into account other factors not included in the previous estimate, namely the continued arrival of asylum seekers, the clearance of the asylum applications backlog, further illegal migrants entering and leaving the country, more migrants overstaying, and the regularisation of EU accession citizens.

The most significant change in this estimate is however the inclusion of children born in the UK to illegal immigrants. For the LSE team illegal migrants oscillate between 417,000 and 863,000, including a population of UK-born children ranging between 44,000 and 144,000. Drawing on this and taking stock of the outcome of the recent Case Resolution Programme,[5] a University of Oxford's study by Nando Sigona and Vanessa Hughes estimate at end 2011 a population of illegal migrant children of 120,000, with over half born in the UK to parents residing without legal immigration status.[6]

According to the House of Commons Library, several definitions for a migrant exist in United Kingdom so that a migrant can be:

Illegal immigrants in the UK include those who have:

Migration Watch UK, is a think-tank that claims to be neutral. Migration Watch UK has criticised the Home Office figures for not including the UK-born dependent children of unauthorised migrants. They suggest the Home Office has underestimated the numbers of unauthorised migrants by between 15,000 and 85,000.[11]

Jack Dromey, Deputy General of the Transport and General Workers Union and Labour Party treasurer, suggested in May 2006 that there could be around 500,000 illegal workers. He called for a public debate on whether an amnesty should be considered.[12] Former Home Secretary David Blunkett suggested that this might be done once the identity card scheme is rolled out.[13] However the scheme was scrapped due to its widespread unpopularity by the coalition government in 2010.

London Citizens, a coalition of community organisations, is running a regularisation campaign called Strangers into Citizens, backed by figures including the leader of the Catholic Church in England and Wales, the Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor.[14] Analysis by the Institute for Public Policy Research suggested that an amnesty would net the government up to 1.038 billion per year in fiscal revenue.[15] However, analysis by MigrationWatch UK suggests that if the migrants granted amnesty were given access to healthcare and other benefits, the net cost to the exchequer would be 5.530 billion annually.[16]

It has since been suggested that to deport all of the irregular migrants from the UK would take 20 years and cost up to 12 billion.[17] former Mayor of London Boris Johnson commissioned a study into a possible amnesty for illegal immigrants, citing larger tax gains within the London area which is considered to be home to the majority of the country's population of such immigrants.[18]

In February 2008, the government introduced new 10,000 fines for employers found to be employing illegal immigrants where there is negligence on the part of the employer, with unlimited fines or jail sentences for employers acting knowingly.[19]

In July 2013, the Home Office introduced an advertising lorry in London with its billboard saying "In the UK illegally? GO HOME OR FACE ARREST Text HOME to 78070 for free advice, and help with travel documents. We can help you return home voluntarily without fear of arrest or detention." This campaign was criticised from various quarters: Vince Cable, a prominent minister in the governing coalition, called it "stupid and offensive";[20] some on the left said that "go home" evoked an old National Front slogan.[21] Nigel Farage of the UK Independence Party criticised the campaign as "nasty" and suggested that its real message was "Please dont vote UKIP, were doing something".[22]

In 2015 the newly elected Conservative Government announced it would be requiring Landlords to confirm the immigration status of tenants. Those failing to do so, or knowingly or unknowingly housing illegal immigrants could face criminal prosecution.

In 2015 a large number of migrants had set up a camp at Calais in the hope of entering the UK illegally, although there have always been some migrants entering the UK illegally from here many illegal migrants or asylum seekers try to enter the UK from France, by hiding inside trucks or trains and they've done so for years.[23]This sparked a large political debate in the UK. The UK government responded by funding additional security measures in Calais including a 7 million fence to prevent migrants entering the UK.

Read more:
Illegal immigration to the United Kingdom - Wikipedia

Even though the costs of illegal immigration borne by taxpayers at the federal level are staggering, they only pale in comparison to the fiscal burden shouldered by taxpayers at the state level. Most government taxes and fees remitted to government by Americans are paid in forms other than income taxes submitted to the IRS on April 15th. There are city and state income taxes, fuel surcharges, sales and property taxes, etc. States and localities also bear the main burden for costs associated with public education, city and county infrastructure, and local courts and jails.

A further complication is the fact that, while barred from many federal benefits, state laws allow illegal aliens to access many state-funded social welfare programs. Because so little data is collected on the immigration status of individuals collecting benefits, it is difficult to determine the rate at which illegal aliens use welfare programs. However, based on the average income of illegal alien households, it appears they use these programs at a rate higher than lawfully present aliens or citizens.

The combined total of state and local government general expenditures on illegal aliens is $18,571,428,571 billion. The services referenced in this section are supported directly by the payment of city and state taxes and related fees. At the state level, examples of general expenditures would be the costs of general governance, fire departments, garbage collection, street cleaning and maintenance, etc. The state, county or municipality or even a special taxing district in some situations may provide some of these services. In most cases, localities offer more services than the state. By FAIRs estimate, there is approximately a 65 percent to 35 percent cost share between local and state governments.

The estimate of general expenditure services received by illegal alien households, beyond the specific outlays mentioned in the sections above, excludes capital expenditures and debt servicing. The calculation for each state is based on the states annual operating budget, reduced by the amount covered by the federal government. That expenditure is then reduced further based on the relative size of the estimated population of illegal aliens and their U.S.-born minor children. As noted in our population estimate, this means states like California, Texas, Florida, New York, etc., with larger illegal alien cohorts, will bear larger shares of these costs.

Excerpt from:
The Cost of Illegal Immigration to US Taxpayers | FAIR

In California, illegal immigration is a serious issue. Since California has a large coastline and shares a border with Mexico, for illegals California presents an easy point of access into the United States. Although Californias borders and sea ports receive quite a lot of security support, the sheer size of the states borders make it possible for illegal immigration to occur.

There are many reasons why illegal immigration in California is considered a serious issue. While California welcomes immigration, illegal immigration poses a serious threat. Illegal immigrants are not carefully vetted the way that legal immigrants are for potential diseases, criminal records, and other issues which may pose a threat to California residents. Since illegals enter California without speaking to authorities, they sometimes enter with criminal records, criminal intent, and illnesses which can be passed on to residents. As well, some people who speak out against illegal immigration in California note that illegal immigrants entering California often need to commit illegal acts such as working illegally in order to stay within the country.

Illegal immigrants also place a financial burden upon the state. According to some reports, there were more than 2.9 million illegal immigrants in California in 2009. Legal immigrants and residents of California pay taxes in order to support social programs which they use. However, illegal immigrants do use the public school system, emergency rooms, and other public services without paying taxes. According to the Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR), illegal immigration costs of California more than $10 billion annually. In addition, many experts on immigration point out that illegal immigrants may remove jobs and lower working conditions for legal residents and legal workers within the state and across the country.

Those who argue for illegal immigrant reform and amnesty sometimes point out that illegal immigrants actually often perform jobs that legal immigrants and residents do not wish to perform. Undocumented workers take on hard and low-paying jobs, such as picking fruit, and cleaning jobs which are difficult to fill at low wages with documented workers. Some experts argue that offering amnesty to some or all illegal immigrants in California would help safeguard California wages and would help protect both undocumented workers and residents of the state. Both sides of the California immigration debate have tried to come up with solutions to illegal immigration California issues but so far no catch-all solution exists. For illegals, California is still a plausible place to enter the country and for legal residents of the state illegal immigration continues to be a difficult and expensive problem.

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Original post:
Illegal Immigration in California | US Immigration News

My oldest daughter lives in Los Angeles, a short walk from MacArthur Park. Shes not political. Not that politics is bad, but the practicalities of surviving in a tough city requires her to be no-nonsense about whats important to her success.

Im convinced she knows nothing about Beto, Bernie, Biden, Booker or Buttigieg. But living at ground zero of one of the most sanctimonious of sanctuary cities, she knows more about the perils of illegal immigration than all of them combined. Politics was dumped at her doorstep and, like many, shes cracking under the weight.

Her message? The situation in LA is unbearable.

Far outside the political incubators of Nancy Pelosi, Kamala Harris, Eric Swalwell, Adam Schiff and Maxine Waters all of them California lawmakers my daughter bears the brunt of the raw political debris created by deeply devious politicians who excrete pious lies about how much they care about minorities.

In utter frustration, my daughter texted me a video that she filmed near her apartment. I was shocked at what I saw: Cluster after cluster of illegals lined along public streets selling anything they could find, spread over raggedy blankets or anything else they could use to form a boundary for their slipshod sidewalk stores.

They are above the law, she wrote. How can you sell so much food on the street without a permit? Without the grading system? I didnt know you could have a business and not pay taxes. They're spreading, too. It used to be just several blocks but if you turn the corner, theyre further down than ever before. Both sides of the street. There are so many of them. This! Is! Their! Country!!! Lol.

My daughters video was strikingly similar to one shot by LA resident Shirley Husar, CEO of Urban Game Changer, near LAs MacArthur Park last year. The park, renamed after Gen. Douglas MacArthur in the 1940s, was where Jimmy Webb composed the song MacArthur Park that Richard Harris recorded in 1968.

MacArthur Park is melting in the dark, Harris sang. Today, its melting in the light as it has become quasi-home to an influx of illegals who live and sleep there.

Husars video showed a woman using a shopping cart wrapped in aluminum foil to cook food. A man sold heaps of crawdads stuffed inside a baby carriage. No ice. No refrigeration. Another man sold piles of chili peppers sprawled on the bare sidewalk under a rickety table. Others sold bootleg CDs, phone chargers, hats and stuffed animals.

I really believe that they skim from the stores that they work in, and then they bring them down here, Husar said. This is a public sidewalk. This happens every weekend. I call this an underground economic operational system where they pay cash, they dont pay taxes, they dont pay for the space on the ground, they dont pay sanitation [fees] or licensing.

She asked eight policemen chatting across the street how they could stand by while laws were being broken.

The mayor says its legal, one policeman said. That mayor is Eric Garcetti, a visceral Trump-hater who vowed to keep defending his sanctuary policy after the president said that defying federal law would cost these cities federal funding.

Slashing funds for first-responders, for our port and airport, for counterterrorism, crime-fighting and community-building serves no one, Garcetti said. Not this city, not the federal government, not the American people.

Yawn.

That kind of Trojan Horse rhetoric falls on deaf ears for the people who are stuck in the Twilight Zone of illegal immigration. They have no political connections. They have no voice. Theyre unsophisticated in the twisted political language that defies the realities on the ground. They are placated, marginalized and ignored, and theyre growing angrier as they realize that no one speaks for them.

No one except Trump.

One black man wearing a MAGA cap and a red Trump-Pence T-Shirt told county leaders that hes ready to take the law into his own hands.

Make California Great Again! he said in a County of Los Angeles Board of Supervisors meeting about SB 54, Californias sanctuary state bill. We gonna handle this! If you guys dont, I will! And if Mr. Trump would have lost, I would have organized some brothers, and we [would] put all your asses under citizens arrest (pointing to a group of pro-illegal immigrant protesters).

At a different meeting about the bill, long-time activist Lupe Moreno offered deeply emotional comments about the murder victims of illegal immigrants.

Our beautiful children have been sacrificed at the altars of elected officials and non-profits; as we could see how many non-profits are making money off of our dead children ... We want you to stop this now! Now! I have it on good authority that our side wins because you have weeping mothers, not only in California, but throughout the United States. Stop trying to blur the difference between legal and illegal. Theres a big difference! Were Americans!

Ted Hayes, an articulate Civil Rights homeless activist in Los Angeles has been speaking out for years against the perils of illegal immigration, especially on black people.

I dont blame the people, he said. I blame the politicians for failing to protect us.

Unlike Hayes, I do blame illegals for knowingly breaking laws to pursue a better life at the expense of others. Politicians hand them the keys to someones house against the owners will, and illegals gladly rush in to help themselves while police sit back and do nothing. Politicians have fortified the plight of illegals with police power.

Like my daughter, LA residents who once recoiled at the noise of todays politics are finding themselves at city halls, watching political programs and chiming in on social media because, for them, this issue is dire and getting worse. And growing numbers of these minorities are MAGA-hat-wearing Trumpsters.

Partly to spite Trump, California politicians have forced illegal immigration down the throats of their most vulnerable citizens. And while they clippity-clop around the country promising to bring La-La Land to the entire nation, theyre telling their most powerless citizens to shut up and get over it while they make them second-class citizens at the taxpayer's expense.

From a safe distance, California politicians are playing with matches on top of a political powder keg. Chatting with my daughter from ground zero, you get the feeling that it wouldnt take much for things to explode, not only in LA but across the nation.

More here:
Illegal Immigration Is A Powder Keg In LA - townhall.com

March 2005

By draining public funds, creating unfair competition for jobs with Americas least prepared workers and thereby lowering wages and working conditions, and by imposing unwanted strains on services designed to provide assistance to Americans, illegal immigration causes harm to Americans and legal residents.

FAIR estimates there are between 10-12 million illegal aliens residing in the country in 2005. According to the Census Bureau, there were an estimated 8.7 million illegal aliens living in the United States in 2000. According to the Migration Policy Institute, roughly 500,000 illegal aliens are added to that population every year. The immigration authorities also estimate that there are over one million temporary illegal aliens, such as seasonal workers, here at any given time. The population of illegal aliens would be higher, but in 1986 our government gave amnesty to nearly three million illegal aliens, allowing them to become legal members of our society, and we have allowed additional millions to gain amnesty through other loopholes.

There is a list of several million eligible people waiting to be legally admitted as immigrants to our country; some of them have been on that list for many years waiting for one of the numerically limited visas to become available. Illegal immigration makes a mockery of those people's adherence to the rules and of our country's sovereignty.

According to a study in 1996 of the costs of illegal immigration by Rice Univ. economist, Dr. Donald Huddle, illegal aliens were displacing roughly 730,000 American workers every year, at a cost of about $4.3 billion a year, and the supply of cheap labor depresses the wages and working conditions of the working poor. The approximate doubling of the illegal alien population since the time of that estimate means that the number of jobs lost to American workers and the costs of displacement would also likely have more than doubled.

The costs of illegal immigration to the taxpayer are numerous, but the largest costs are the educationof their children, emergency medical care and incarceration for those arrested for crimes. Despite being ineligible, some illegal aliens also get welfare the same way they get jobs: with identity documents falsely identifying them as U.S. citizens. In addition, if they have U.S.-born children, they may collect welfare assistance in the name of those children. The annual net cost of illegal immigrants (after subtracting their tax payments) to the American taxpayer is likely to be more than $45 billion. Our study of the net fiscal The Costs of Illegal Immigration to Californians estimated the partial costs at $10.5 billion in that state alone.

Compared to the size of the illegal alien population, the number of annual deportations is shockingly small. Infiscal year2003, only 186,151 aliens were formerly removed.1Many of the deportees are caught by the police after they have committed a crime. In FY03, 39,600 of the deported aliens fell in that category. The federal Bureau of Prisons estimates that nearly three-tenths of its prisoners are aliens.

Although the number of deported illegal aliens is more than triple the average during the 1990s, we are only treading water in a rising tide. The Department of Homeland Security has no plan for identifying and removing the bulk of the illegal alien population, whose number continues to rise. Most illegal aliens remain safe from capture and deportation unless they are arrested for a crime.

Stung by criticism from companies about worksite raids, often accompanied by criticism from elected representatives, the immigration authorities instituted in 1998 an innovation called "the Phoenix Plan." Instead of raiding a company, they informed it on the basis of a review of employment documents that they appeared to have hired illegal alien workers, giving the companies the opportunity to dismiss the workers. When this happened, the workers were free to simply walk away with their counterfeit identity documents to another employer. The interior immigration inspectors have only the resources to focus on a few large violators at a time, so most illegal alien workers and the companies that employ them get off scot-free.

As millions of illegal aliens are allowed to remain here year after year, pressure rises from immigrant advocates to grant them amnesty. But this is the equivalent of pardoning criminals en masse because it is easier than capturing them. It encourages further illegal immigration and, by creating new "legal" immigrants out of old illegal ones, adds dramatically to the backlog of relatives abroad who apply for legal admission. It also adds to the costs to the taxpayer, because when illegal aliens are given legal residence, they become eligible for additional tax-funded services.

Critical to the success of the deterrence of further illegal immigration and reducing the current illegal alien population is single-minded support by our elected leaders for our immigration authorities in their law enforcement efforts.

The Center for Immigration Studies, Don Huddles The Net Costs of Immigration, the INS Statistics Division.

[1] 2003 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics, September 2004, Department of Homeland Security. In addition, another 887,115 persons were offered and accepted voluntary departure in lieu of deportation.

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