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Is Europe ready for post-2015 development?
The European Union starts 2015 with new leadership in place, ready to confront a threshold year where key international deals need to be struck at four major summits on financing for development, sustainable development goals, climate change and trade for development, write James Mackie and Rhys Williams.
James Mackie is the Senior Advisor in EU Development Policy, and Rhys Williams isCommunications Officer for theEuropean Centre for Development Policy Management.
We have been here before, and agreement has been sought in these spheres separately - but all the global agreements reached this year are mutually reinforcing and are all needed to achieve a transformative agenda - there can be no weak links in the chain. If they are all concluded in the right way, the impact on global development would be far-reaching, setting the scene for international cooperation for years to come.
The European Year for Development coincides with the culmination of the post-2015 debate, but not by accident. The EUs new Commission team, led by Jean-Claude Juncker, must get off to a running start. They should stimulate new ideas, champion key issues and have an open debate on how universal the new global development goals should be - for both developing and developed countries here in Europe. Juncker has moved swiftly to introduce new, and potentially more coherent and flexible approaches to management, an encouraging start. Major global changes are afoot and the EU will be called upon to prove its relevance and effectiveness to its own citizens, to its neighbours and to the world. Strategic choices made this year will have major impact on Europe and its neighbouring continents - not least Africa. What are the challenges that lie ahead in 2015?
A Migration Challenge Close to Home
In 2014, more than 207,000 people increasingly Syrian and Eritrean asylum seekers have made the perilous crossing across the Mediterranean, with over 3,400 migrants losingtheir lives. Since the new year, Ghost Ships have arrived on the shores of Italy, gangs finding shocking ways of making sure migrants arrive in the EU, forcing authorities to react in an ad hoc way as official rescue operations in the Mediterranean by European naval forces have ended.
To better govern migration for the future economic benefit of both Europe and Africa, and to ease the current crisis of migrant deaths in the Mediterranean, Jean-Claude Junckers new Commission team must show innovation and leadership and encourage effective synergies in the way the EU works across all its policy areas. If migration is managed well, it can be a very useful tool for development in both Europe and Africa. Europe needs to become more serious about cooperative and comprehensive action to address its many collective challenges. Europes partnership and cooperation with African leaders and the African Union is key to realising tangible progress.
Security as Development, and Vice Versa
Federica Mogherini, the EUs new High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, will spend much of her first year addressing the most volatile situations. This array of crises may prompt calls for a review of the European Security Strategy (ESS). That strategy was formulated in the aftermath of 9/11, when the focus was mainly on terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, state failures and regional conflicts, most at some distance from Europe. The crises are now more complex and closer to Europe.
If an ESS review takes place, it should consider a more comprehensive approach, ensuring a two-way link between development and security. There can be no security without development, just as there can be no development without security. Reviewing the ESS at a time when European sentiment is on the wane risks it being watered down. Much, therefore, will depend on whether the new EU leadership succeeds in restoring a measure of confidence and dynamism to the European project.
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Is Europe ready for post-2015 development?