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European Union – Kids | Britannica Kids | Homework Help

After World War II the countries of western Europe wanted to avoid future wars. Some leaders thought that having their countries work together would help.

In 1952 six countriesFrance, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourgformed the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). The ECSC brought together the countries coal and steel businesses. It was a success.

The ECSC countries then looked for other ways to cooperate. In 1958 they set up the European Atomic Energy Community (also called Euratom) to produce nuclear power together. They also formed the European Economic Community (EEC). The EEC worked to get rid of taxes and rules that limited trade in Europe.

The ECSC, Euratom, and the EEC merged in 1967 to form the European Communities (EC). More countries joined the EC in the 1970s and 1980s. The EC was so successful in economic matters that its members started working together in other ways as well. In 1991 the members agreed to form the European Union. The EU was officially created in 1993. The EU added more members in the years that followed.

The EU currency, or form of money, is called the euro. It was introduced in 1999. Most member countries switched from their own currencies to the euro.

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European Union - Kids | Britannica Kids | Homework Help

Brexit with no-deal "more likely" with just 10 days to …

EU's Brexit chief negotiator Michel Barnier (C) addresses the European Parliament Committee on Foreign Affairs next to its German chairman at the European Parliament David McAllister in Brussels, April 2, 2019. Getty

The European Union's chief negotiator Michel Barnier said Tuesday that Britain's exit from the EU without a deal was becoming "day after day more likely." He issued the warning the morning after the U.K. Parliament again rejected alternatives to Prime Minister Theresa May's unpopular divorce deal.

Despite the downbeat assessment, Barnier said that "we can still hope to avoid it" through intensive work in London ahead of an April 10 summit. A no-deal Brexit could come as soon two days after that.

He urged the feuding lawmakers in London to back the plan that May spent more than two years negotiating with the EU, calling it the only hope.

"If the U.K. still wants to leave the EU in an orderly manner, this agreement, this treaty is and will be the only one," he said Tuesday in Brussels.

Despite the difficulties of a chaotic exit, "the EU will be able to manage," Barnier said, although he warned that "not everything will be smooth."

Exit without a deal would affect trade and travel overnight, with new checks on borders and new regulations on dealings between Britain and the 27 remaining EU nations. While the exact ramifications of an unprecedented EU withdrawal remain unclear, many -- including the U.K. government's own central bank -- have warned that the impact on the British economy could be dire.

A long list of global corporations have already announced plans to relocate their European headquarters from London to other cities in the EU over Brexit, and others have already shifted some personnel and put contingency plans in place to move more out of the Britain.

May was embarking on a marathon session with her Cabinet on Tuesday to try and find a way to avert a no-deal exit from the Union. Cabinet members arrived for a meeting expected to last five hours amid calls for compromise to prevent the potentially devastating crash out.

The government has been pushing for a fourth vote on May's deal, with Education Secretary Damian Hinds saying the agreement already represents a compromise between all sides in the Brexit debate.

Hinds told CBS News partner network BBC News that the deal was "a good balance, and I hope colleagues can get behind it."

While there was no majority in favor of any of the four options voted on Monday night, the votes did reveal a preference among lawmakers for a softer form of Brexit but no clear way to make that happen.

The narrowest defeat 276 votes to 273 was for a plan to keep Britain in a customs union with the EU, guaranteeing smooth and tariff-free trade in goods. A motion that went further, calling for Britain to stay in the EU's borderless single market for both goods and services, was defeated 282-261.

The United Kingdom helped to create the European Union more than six decades ago, and officially joined the tightly-knit common economic bloc more than four decades ago. Brexit, or the British exit, is the term used to describe the British public's decision to bail out of that union in a 2016 public referendum, and the ensuing process of doing so.

There are a few basic principles that bind the 28 (probably soon 27) member states, which basically state that goods and people must be permitted to flow freely across each other's borders. In exchange, each individual member state benefits from the collective bargaining power of the Union in the global economy -- a huge advantage as, collectively, the EU represents the world's second biggest economy after the U.S.

Another benefit is the standardization of regulations across Europe. That means if you buy medicine or food, for instance, in any of the members states, you can be relatively confident that it will be up to the same safety standards.

But all the bureaucracy and rules and regulations that come with such a partnership have their downsides. Some sovereignty is, by default, ceded by members states to the larger bloc. For instance, all nations are subject to collective human rights and trade laws, which are arbitrated by European courts. Pro-Brexit Brits, both in public and Parliament, believe too much independence has been given up to the EU -- particularly where it concerns border controls and immigration -- and they want it back.

Taking it back, it can be said almost unequivocally, has not proven to be nearly as simple or as financially beneficial as it was suggested it would be by the people who led the charge for Brexit in the first place.

Most polls now show that if a new referendum was held today, a slim majority would vote against leaving the European Union. But holding a new public vote -- which the pro-Brexit camp insists would be undemocratic -- is a political hot potato that still has too little support in Parliament. And the window, as Barnier made clear on Tuesday, is closing fast.

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European Union’s ban on single-use plastics moves closer …

The European Union's parliament voted overwhelmingly to ban many single-use plastic items, part of an effort to keep pollution and waste out of waterways. The European Parliament backed the ban in a 560-35 final vote on Wednesday. EU member states have given their support but need to vote on the measure for it to go into effect.

The ban would affect a range of plastic products for which reasonable alternatives exist, from straws to earbuds, starting in 2021. Disposable utensils would be allowed, but the measure calls for them to be made of sustainable materials when possible.

The approved legislation also sets a goal of having plastic bottles 90 percent recycled by 2025 and to cut in half the litter from 10 items that turn up in oceans most often. The EU estimated the changes will cost the bloc's economy 259 million euros to 695 million euros a year ($291 million to $781 million).

The proposals "will help us move on from single-use plastics and toward less consumption, the multiple use of better-designed products, more innovation and a cleaner environment. The next step is to move away from our waste-based culture," said Margrete Auken, an EU lawmaker for the Greens/EFA group.

The European Parliament has said plastics production is 20 times higher now than during the 1960s. Most of that plastic ends up in the ocean, with less than one-tenth being recycled. China last year cracked down on importing waste from the EU and U.S, a move that helped spur the EU plastics ban.

The U.S. state of Hawaii is considering a similar ban on single-use plastics.

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What Countries Are in the European Union?

Formed in 1958 the European Union is an economic and political union between 28 member countries. It was created after World War II as a way to ensure peace between European nations. These countries share a common currency called the Euro. Those in who reside in EU countries are also granted EU passports, which allow for easy travel between nations. In 2016, Brittain shocked the world by choosing to leave the EU. The referendum was known as Brexit.

The treaty of Rome is seen as the formation of the what is now called the EU. Its official name was the Treaty Establishing the European EconomicCommunity. It created a single market across the nations for goods, labor, services, and capital. It also proposed a reduction in customs duties. The treaty sought to strengthen the economies of the nations and to promote peace. After two World Wars, many Europeans were eager for peaceful alliances with their neighboring countries. In 2009 the Treaty of Lisbon would officially change the Treaty of Rome's name to The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.

Several countries are in the process of integrating or transitioning into the European Union. Membership in the EU is a long and difficult process, it also requires a free-market economy and a stable democracy. Countries must also accept all the EU legislation, which can often take years to accomplish.

On June 23, 2016, the United Kingdom voted in a referendum to leave the EU. The popular term for the referendum was Brexit. The vote was very close, 52% of the country voted to leave.David Cameron, then Prime Minister, announced the results of the vote along with his resignation. Teresa May would take over as Prime Minister. She promoted the Great Repeal Bill, which would repeal the country's legislation and incorporation into the EU. A petitioncalling for a second referendumreceived almost four million signatures but it was rejected by the government. The United Kingdom is set to leave the European Union by April 2019. It will take nearly two years for the country to sever its legal ties to the EU.

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What Countries Are in the European Union?

The United States, the European Union, and the …

#1NEW YORK TIMES, WALL STREET JOURNAL,ANDBOSTON GLOBEBESTSELLERNAMED ONE OF THE TEN BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BYTHE NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEWAND ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BYThe Washington PostO: The Oprah MagazineTime NPR Financial TimesThe EconomistThe GuardianNewsdayRefinery29Real Simple Bustle Pamela Paul, KQED Publishers WeeklyLibraryReadsLibrary JournalNew York Public Library PRESIDENT BARACKOBAMAS SUMMERREADING ONE OF BILL GATESS FAVORITE BOOKS OF THE YEAR LONGLISTED FOR THE CARNEGIE MEDAL FOR EXCELLENCE An unforgettable memoir about a young girl who, kept out of school, leaves her survivalist family and goes on to earn a PhD from Cambridge UniversityBeautiful and propulsive . . . Despite the singularity of [Tara Westovers] childhood, the questions her book poses are universal: How much of ourselves should we give to those we love? And how much must we betray them to grow up?VogueBorn to survivalists in the mountains of Idaho, Tara Westover was seventeen the first time she set foot in a classroom. Her family was so isolated from mainstream society that there was no one to ensure the children received an education, and no one to intervene when one of Taras older brothers became violent. When another brother got himself into college, Tara decided to try a new kind of life. Her quest for knowledge transformed her, taking her over oceans and across continents, to Harvard and to Cambridge University. Only then would she wonder if shed traveled too far, if there was still a way home.Praise forEducatedWestover has somehow managed not only to capture her unsurpassably exceptional upbringing, but to make her current situation seem not so exceptional at all, and resonant for many others.The New York Times Book ReviewA heartbreaking, heartwarming, best-in-years memoir about striding beyond the limitations of birth and environment into a better life.USA TodayA coming-of-age memoir reminiscent ofThe Glass Castle.O: The Oprah MagazineHeart-wrenching . . . a beautiful testament to the power of education to open eyes and change lives.Amy Chua,TheNew York Times Book ReviewAmazon.com Review:Amazon Editors' #1 Pick for the Best Book of 2018: Tara Westover wasnt your garden variety college student. When the Holocaust was mentioned in a history class, she didnt know what it was (no, really). Thats because she didnt see the inside of a classroom until the age of seventeen. Public education was one of the many things her religious fanatic father was dubious of, believing it a means for the government to brainwash its gullible citizens, and her mother wasnt diligent on the homeschooling front. If it wasnt for a brother who managed to extricate himself from their isolatedand often dangerous--world, Westover might still be in rural Idaho, trying to survive her survivalist upbringing. Its a miraculous story she tells in her memoir Educated. For those of us who took our educations for granted, who occasionally fell asleep in large lecture halls (and inconveniently small ones), its hard to grasp the level of gritnot to mention intellectrequired to pull off what Westover did. But eventually earning a PhD from Cambridge University may have been the easy part, at least compared to what she had to sacrifice to attain it. The courage it took to make that sacrifice was the truest indicator of how far shed come, and how much shed learned. Educated is an inspiring reminder that knowledge is, indeed, power. --Erin Kodicek, Amazon Book Review

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