More than 1,000 protesters march      overnight at St. Louis University to condemn the recent fatal      shootings of two black teenagers by police. (Reuters)    
    The     continuing protests in St. Louis over the shooting death of    a young black man offer a stark reminder that whoever replaces    Eric Holder as attorney general will arrive at the Justice    Department at a unique momentfor the agency's civil    rights and criminal justice work. While thedepartment    over the past 13 yearshas been preoccupiedwith    terrorismand Wall Street's infractions, the next attorney    general's tenure could well be shaped by confronting the legacy    of racism in America.  
    Holder often spoke loudly on these issues, saying what    President Obama decided he could not, but his successor will    have to wrestle with a complex array of issues.Racial    tension over the police shooting of an unarmed teen in    Ferguson, Mo., awakened this summer national concern about the        makeup of local police departments and the     bias and behavior of officers.  
    States have recently passed an array ofnew voting laws,    from     mandates to obtain a voter ID to     limits on early voting, that raise civil-rights red flags    as well. In confronting these new regulations, the DOJ now must    respond without the power of a key provision of the Voting    Rights Act that     was dismantled last year by the Supreme Court.  
    Seismic changes are also underway in how the DOJ approaches    sentencing guidelines and the war on drugs, which have long    driven the     unmatched rise of incarceration in America, and the    parallel surge in costs particularly for minority communities.    As a result of a shift in thinking about the goals of prison    policy (and the     effectiveness of the war on drugs), the federal prison    population     is now declining for the first time in three decades, a    trend prison-reform groups are anxious to see continue.  
    For all of these reasons, criminal-justice and civil-rights    advocates are counting on another vocal leader to replace    Holder. They are looking for someone who will prioritize those    roles of DOJ's mission  policing discrimination, protecting    voting rights, redirecting prison policy  which have been    periodically neglected, deemed outdated, or unwise.  
    The intensity with which these issues remain in the news,    however, will complicate the confirmation process for Obama's    nominee. It's harder today than just a few years ago to dismiss    the persistence of racial bias in the criminal justice system,    a topic that may be easier to openly acknowledge post-Ferguson.    But there remains far less (if any) political agreement on the    racial impacts of new voting laws.  
    "If you say at your confirmation hearings 'were going to spend    a lot of time and effort on looking at these [state] statues    that seem to restrict voting,' the Republicans are going to go    crazy on that. Just crazy," says Richard Ugelow, a former    longtime attorney in the Civil Rights Division of the DOJ and    now a member of the faculty at American University's Washington    College of Law.
    Part of the department's challenge in its civil-rights work is    that broad public disagreement over     whether discrimination still exists has widened as    discrimination itself has taken on subtler forms. Government    agencies no longer openlybar minority job applicants. But    recruiting practices may still have the effect of excluding    them. Landlords no longer advertise when blacks aren't welcome.    But the housing options available to minorities are still    constricted by the    fewer possibilities shown to them by landlords and real    estate agents.  
    Likewise, public schools are no longer segregated by policy.    But     housing patterns have the effect of     making them so, exposing children to unequal education. And    literal poll taxes no longer exist. But voter IDs     have been likened to them even by federal judges.  
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Wonkblog: St. Louis protests show the many civil rights and criminal justice battles awaiting Eric Holders successor