How Tough Is 2014 Terrain for Democrats?
Democrats have known for some time that the terrain would be tough for them in this Novembers midterm elections. But as the general election season officially starts this week, there really are two questions to ponder in determining just how tough: What does history say, and what do the current numbers suggest?
First, the history. Midterm elections can be brutal for an incumbent presidents party, because voters tend to take out on the party whatever frustrations or disappointments in the president have accumulated.
That can be especially true in the midterm of a presidents second term in office. Fatigue can set in with a president who has been in office six years, as well as with his party. And that, of course, is where President Barack Obama and the Democrats find themselves this year.
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But the outcome isnt as uniformly bad for a two-term presidents party as often imagined. Data compiled by the American Presidency Project show that a presidents party often does get walloped in the midterm six years into his presidency. President Franklin Roosevelts Democrats lost 71 House seats and six Senate seats in 1938. President Dwight Eisenhowers Republicans lost 48 House seats and a bruising 13 Senate seats in 1958. Similarly, President George W. Bushs Republicans lost 30 House and six Senate seats in 2006.
But sometimes the results for a presidents party are more mixed in an election in the middle of his second term. President Ronald Reagans Republicans lost just five House seats in 1986, though they suffered a painful eight-seat loss in the Senate. And President Bill Clintons Democrats defied the trend and picked up five House seats while breaking even in the Senate in 1998.
This time, of course, Republicans need to win six Senate seats to take the big prize this November, which is control of the Senate, and they are confident enough that they are starting to lay plans for what they will do if that happens.
That confidence reflects the state of the current political indicators. Data from the latest Wall Street Journal/NBC News poll show that both Mr. Obamas job-approval rating of 40%, as well as the 71% who say the country is on the wrong track, are in the same grim zone as the numbers facing George W. Bush the fall before his party lost all those congressional seats, and control of the House, in 2006.
Conversely, they are markedly worse than the numbers that prevailed as Messrs. Clinton and Reagan entered their happier six-year-election stretch runs. In both cases, the presidents job approval topped 60% at this stage of the cycle.
But history rarely repeats itself in perfect form, so its also worth keeping in mind this caveat that makes 2014 unpredictable: In the years when the presidents party takes a drubbing six years in, the opposition party has never been as unpopular in its own right as Republicans are with the general public right now.