Sony Pictures has chosen to pull its planned debut of the movie    The Interview in the face of threats of a terrorist attack at    theaters showing the movie and after the North Korean regime    apparently hacked into Sonys internal computers, unearthing    unseemly emails. The movie depicted a plot to assassinate the    leader of North Korea.  
    I do not pretend to know anything about how cyber warfare    works, or how it can be prevented. But, the hysteria this    episode has unleashed  with impassioned cries for artistic    freedom and dark fears of moviegoers shot in the dark  seems    devoid of any serious perspective. I will grant that censorship    has rarely been deployed in such an extravagant fashion, but    the concern is not new and the stakes are less stark than many    imagine.  
    It takes a lot to offend my sensibilities, so I did not flinch    when the ads for The Interview began airing and the key    elements of the plot were divulged. I do not fantasize about    the assassination of anybody, but fantasies come in many    flavors. And, it struck me as refreshing that someone, anyone,    recognized that humor had something to tell us about the North    Korean regime. No one should be indifferent to the sufferings    of the North Korean people, but there is something, well,    laughable about talking heads and experts trying to discern    what the North Korean regime will do next when there is more    than a little craziness at work in Pyongyang, and it is not    easy to know what crazy people will do next. Still, you do not    need to be a brain surgeon to have anticipated that they would    be upset by a movie in which their leader is killed.  
    Censorship is born of a natural, even humane source, the desire    to protect our own from influences that will harm them. This    moral concern often, and quickly, becomes quite coarse. And, it    always, with equal speed, comes into conflict with another    moral concern, the desire of others not to be circumscribed in    their freedom of expression. These two moralities collide and    the debate over censorship is ignited.  
    Catholics of a certain generation will be familiar with these    issues if they are old enough to remember the Legion of    Decency, founded in 1934, to render moral judgment on movies.    Catholics across the country were encouraged to sign the    Legions pledge not to go to movies the Legion condemned. The    pledge was signed in duplicate, with the parishioner keeping    one copy and the pastor the other. Hollywood, trying to    pushback against government censorship, welcomed the    involvement of the Catholic Church. Church leaders testified    before Congress in opposition to government proposals for    censorship, fearing that Protestant concerns would always trump    Catholic ones in any governmental system of review, and the    movie producers submitted scripts and final versions to Joseph    Breen, a Catholic layman who was chosen to head the Production    Code Administration. The rules were simple: bad guys had to    lose in the end, no gratuitous sex, and passion could never be    used to stimulate the lower and baser elements, as the Code    read.  
    Breen was powerful. The post-coital scene between Rhett and    Scarlett in Gone with the Wind was cut if half. The 1937 film    You Cant Have Everything starred Gypsy Rose Lee, but    concerned that her burlesque reputation would taint the    industry, Breen demanded, and Twentieth Century Fox agreed, to    advertise the star by her given name, Louise Hovick. Breen    rejected Howard Hughes 1943 film The Outlaw, because too    much of Jane Russells bosom was displayed. Hughes appealed the    decision, and brought a mathematician to the appeals board    review to demonstrate that no more of Ms. Russells bosom was    shown than had been on view in other, approved films. The    review board approved the film, but the Legion condemned it,    and Hughes withdrew it. Feeling like he wanted to challenge the    Legions prudishness, the film was released three years later    with an ad campaign built on the controversy: Not a scene    cut! the ads read. What are the TWO reasons for Janes rise    to stardom? The movie, a rather mediocre affair, was a hit,    but the ad campaign violated the industrys advertising code,    and the PCA withdrew it approval. 85 percent of movie theaters    declined to show the flick. Hughes, after unsuccessfully trying    to bribe a cleric, made further adjustments, and the film was    finally approved and re-released in 1949, six years after it    was finished.  
    We look back at the Legion of Decency and Joe Breen and can    easily side with their critics: Their desire for an idealized    depiction of human reality was not very realistic. But, realism    is not the only criterion for cinematic genius. True, few nuns    look like Ingrid Bergman. But, Thor and Superman did not return    to earth a few years back either. The concerns of the Legion    may have been prudish and even silly but they are no more    arbitrary to the creation of art than are the on-going    financial concerns of a films underwriters. Hollywood is a    business, not an art school. There is something a little    cloying about the protests about artistic freedom from the    Hollywood set. I would note, too, that in this litigious    society of ours, there are all sorts of producers who alter    their products, who engage in self-censorship, on account of    extrinsic concerns.  
    I am concerned about the apparent ease with which the North    Korean regime infiltrated Sonys computer systems. If they    could infiltrate, say, the traffic signal systems in New York    City, they would cause real harm. The Department of Defenses    computers contain the potential for grave harm if the wrong    modems get hooked up to them. All sorts of trade secrets in    industry and diplomatic secrets in government are best not seen    by the public. We pay a large price for our open society: It    exposes us to such interventions by malevolent people and    regimes. But, it is that same openness that, ultimately, leads    me to think The Interview will someday be playing at a    theater near you. And, like Jane Russell in The Outlaw, I am    sure the advertisers will make as much hay as possible out of    this controversy. But, artistic freedom is not jeopardized    forever by Sonys decision to pull the film anymore than it is    jeopardized everyday by concerns about the bottom line. Relax    everyone and hope that our cyber warriors will prove themselves    as capable as the North Koreans. There are graver dangers in    this episode than not seeing a movie.  
Link:
Cyber Warfare, Sony Pictures & Censorship