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A recent poll for WGBH News, Boston Globe, MassLive and State House News Service conducted by Suffolk University asked Massachusetts residents to respond to a number of questions related to the Black Lives Matter movement and the state's coronavirus response. WGBH News Host Henry Santoro spoke with Reporter Adam Reilly to break down some of the responses. The transcript below has been edited for clarity.

Henry Santoro: Let's start with what seems like the biggest takeaway from the poll, and that is support for the Black Lives Matter movement. Does that surprise you at all?

Adam Reilly: I don't know how much of a surprise it is, but it's definitely striking. That was the big takeaway for me, too. Eighty-five percent of respondents in the poll said that they either supported or strongly supported Black Lives Matter. That number alone is remarkable, but 51 percent of the respondents identified as strongly supportive, which is, again, a super striking number. And you see the support extended to certain potential reforms that could come out of the Black Lives Matter movement.

For example, 88 percent of respondents 88 percent, nearly a full 90 said that they want to ban the use of chokeholds by police. Eighty-two percent back this idea which we've heard from the governor and others of licensing police across the state and revoking their licenses if they violate certain basic standards. And there's another policy change, which would be a big deal; the governor wants to see this dealt with at the federal level, but still worth mentioning here: 75 percent of respondents said it should be possible to sue officers individually for bad things they do while they're on duty. Right now, you can only sue a police department, but a lot of people in the state would like to see that changed. There are, though, and this is, I think, important to note, there are other potential reforms where you see the support start to diminish when respondents are asked about them.

Santoro: But I think this report really showed big time with the marches that happened after the George Floyd murder.

Reilly: Yeah, no question. But let me get into some of the things that I alluded to a second ago the areas where you see support softening a little bit. Only 56 percent say that they want to ban the use of tear gas by cops. This is part of what we've heard discussed as demilitarization the idea that you're going to keep the police from operating the way an army does. Only 53 percent want to ban the use of rubber bullets. Again, you might think that that would be more popular given those marches that you referred to. It's not actually a wildly popular idea.

And this is crucial, Henry: just 50 percent of respondents say that they want to reduce police budgets and shift money to social services. So that's not a ton of support for what activists frame as defunding. And if you ask people, well, what about your own police department in your city or town? Do you want to take away some of their money and shifted to social services? Then it drops to less than half 45 percent. So tons of support for Black Lives Matter [and] a lot of support for some reforms that Black Lives Matter is in favor of, but [there are] other areas where the support softens pretty significantly.

Santoro: What about police handling of people of color?

Reilly: Yeah, here again, there's a really interesting split between the way people feel about the police generally and the way they feel about their own police department. This is the most striking instance of that split. Seventy-seven percent of respondents say the police generally, all over the place, don't treat black people the same way they treat everyone else. But then when you say what about the police in your own city or town, the number drops to 49 percent. So people are so much more inclined to think highly of their own local PD than law enforcement generally. And it's really interesting, that dynamic holds across the board with various racial and ethnic groups respondents who identify as white, black, Hispanic, Asian they all are more inclined to give their own local police the benefit of the doubt when it comes to racism or not being racist.

Santoro: Let's jump over to COVID now because this was a big part of this this poll. What are the big takeaways there?

Reilly: Well, I think you mentioned this in your intro. [There's] tons of support for the way the governor is handling the pandemic 81 percent approve, just 14 percent disapprove. Also, a lot of support for his handling of the reopening, but it drops a couple percentage points. Still numbers that any public official would envy.

But for me, the crucial takeaway here is that there is tons of ambivalence when it comes to activities that will signal a return to normalcy. Half the respondents said that they're comfortable right now going back to work or school. 41 percent say they'd be comfortable going out to eat. And then there are a couple numbers that are really low. They were low in the last poll [and] they're low in this one, too. Twenty-three percent say they'd be comfortable attending a sporting event, and just 19 percent say that they would be comfortable riding the T. So a lot of change in attitude will be required to get people doing those things again.

Santoro: That's for sure. Let's move on to schools a big topic for parents right now. What did the poll find as far as schools are concerned?

Reilly: Once again, a whole lot of ambivalence. There were a few questions asked on this topic, [but] let me just pick one to keep things as clear as possible. Respondents were asked, "will Massachusetts be able to safely reopen schools this fall?" And it was an even split when you take into account the margin of error. 44 percent said "yes", [and] 46 percent said "no".

Now, here's an interesting footnote to that: people with school-aged kids were more likely to think that you could do it safely than people without school-aged kids. If you have a school-aged kid, 48 percent of you said we can do this safely. If you don't have a kid, 41 percent said it's possible. And just from my own experience, Henry, that may indicate that parents are realizing that it's really tough to try to work at home while also keeping your kids doing the remote learning they're supposed to be. It's not easy.

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Where Massachusetts Residents Stand On Black Lives Matter Movement, Police Reform And Reopening - wgbh.org

The Joliet Black Lives Matter Business Expo, the first event of its kind, will be held Saturday outside the Warren-Sharpe Community Center.

The event is 10 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. and combines a Black Lives Matter theme with a tribute to local civil rights activists of the past, an opportunity for black business owners to meet with the public, and messages for future leaders.

COVID-19 precautions are being taken.

The event is being held outdoors. Wearing of masks is encouraged. Exhibitors will be set up six feet away from each other for social distancing purposes.

But holding the event matters, said Trista Graves-Brown, an organizer of the expo.

"Right now we have to do it," Graves-Brown said. "The message is, after we do all this protesting, what's the next step? We have to pass the torch."

The event will include a ceremonial passing of the torch in which older community leaders and civil rights activists will encourage young people to become leaders.

"Now, because of COVID, kids are at home. They're not even inspired at school," Graves-Brown said. "What's going to motivate them to go on to the next step?"

Musicians will perform. Civil rights leaders who have a place in Joliet history will be honored. Several speakers will address various topics.

Participants are encouraged to wear African attire.

Warren-Sharpe Community Center is at 454 S. Joliet St.

The section of street outside the community center will be blocked off, making it easier to keep social distancing while still holding an expo, Graves-Brown said.

The event will end with a Black Lives Matter demonstration at South Chicago and McDonough streets.

But the purpose is for people to look beyond the demonstrations and prepare for the future. said Graves-Brown, co-founder of the group Speak Up that also organized a Black Lives Matter rally at Six Corners this month.

"The older people will pass on the torch to all the young people and say, 'It's up to you,'" she said. "Even though the world says Black Lives Matter, we have to matter to ourselves. That's the next step."

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Joliet expo looks at the future beyond Black Lives Matter protests - The Herald-News

Des Moines Black Lives Matter activists say law enforcement officers boxed them in at a protest Monday night, preventing them from leaving, and then arrested 18 protesters for failing to follow orders to disperse.

We were planning to do a nonviolent march downtown, then come right back up to our cars and go home, said BLM organizer Jaylen Cavil at another protest outside the Polk County Jail Wednesday.

BLM activists said police pushed them off of their planned protest route Monday night and into a dark residential neighborhood.

They boxed us in from an alleyway and three streets, said Matthew Bruce, a lead BLM organizer. They closed the box in. And as they started closing the box in, then they gave the dispersal orders.

The protesters are accusing law enforcement of kettling, which is the controversial police tactic of blocking off streets and forcing people into a confined area. Some said law enforcement officers also used pepper spray and pushed protesters with shields Monday night.

What they did to us was the sickest, most disgusting thing Ive ever witnessed in my life, Bruce said.

There was always an avenue for protesters to remove themselves to avoid arrest, Des Moines Police Department spokesperson Paul Parizek said in a statement.

Parizek did not directly answer a question from IPR about whether DMPD believes protesters did anything illegal or violent Monday night before they were ordered to disperse.

Our position has been clear from the beginning, Parizek said. Peaceful protest is welcome and supported but disorderly conduct, disruption of peaceful neighborhoods, and destruction of property has an expiration date. It wont be allowed to continue.

Activists accused Parizek of lying about Monday night.

Iowa State Patrol spokesperson Alex Dinkla said kettling tactics were not used, and that ample time was given for protesters to follow dispersal orders.

But ACLU of Iowa Legal Director Rita Bettis Austen said in a statement the organization is in touch with eyewitnesses to Monday nights protest and police response.

There are credible accounts of police action in violation of the constitutional guarantee of free speech, including kettling and the use of excessive force on nonviolent protesters including a child, media, and a legal observer, Bettis Austen said.

She added the ACLU is considering litigation.

Its clear to us that law enforcement leadership is failing to keep officers in line and communicate clearly to them that their role is to protect protesters ability to exercise their free speech rightsnot to punish protesters for challenging police brutality and racism, Bettis Austen said.

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Black Lives Matter Protesters In Des Moines Say Police Boxed Them In Before Making Arrests - Iowa Public Radio

The people of our nation are being attacked by the very system that is required by law to help them, serve them, and protect them from crimes against them. While this is the Police force's job, they are rather doing the opposite. They are taking the lives of people who are supposed to be protected. These hate crimes have been going on for CENTURIES. So much of our government system has been changed to make the United States of America the best country in the world, but now, as everyone is seeing in the news, America is no longer taking Black lives into account. Black lives matter whether the racist people of America and our Government think so. BLACK LIVES MATTER. They are not slaves. They are not servants. They are NOT to be punished for the color of their skin. THEY ARE PEOPLE. THEY WERE PEOPLE BEFORE WE TOOK THEM TO THE AMERICAS FOR SLAVES. THEY WILL BE PEOPLE AND THEY WILL HAVE OUR SUPPORT.

Our leaders, including Don Beyer, need to help their people protect their rights and lives.

Molly Hamrin

Alexandria

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Opinion: Letter to the Editor: Black Lives Matter - Virginia Connection Newspapers

Then a source texted on the move to the square, and I started recording video. I grew up in Arkansas and have reported from this town for years, and I was almost stunned by what I witnessed next. Coming down the hill toward the courthouse was a lone Black man, dressed in tactical gear, wearing a green military backpack and carrying a shotgun strapped with bullets. Marching behind him was a large group, almost all white people, waving protest signs and chanting I cant breathe, I cant breathe, silence is violence.

Here was a Black Lives Matter rally in one of the countrys most notorious havens for white supremacists.

WHEN MAYA HOOD was offered a basketball scholarship to play at North Arkansas College, she threw the letter in the trash right in front of the coach. She needed that scholarship badly, but North Arkansas College is located in Harrison, and as Hood put it, growing up Black in Arkansas, you do not go through Harrison. Youll get hung from a tree, or somebody will shoot you down at the gas station.

For an alarming number of extremists, this town in the Ozark Mountains, one of the most beautiful places in America, is a white mans paradise. For many Black people, its still referred to as a sundown town, a place you should never get caught after dark.

When I was a kid growing up in Arkansas, we would pass by the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan adopt-a-highway signs on road trips near here. Im white, but their casual existence terrified me. I would imagine men in long white robes getting filthy picking up trash along the highway at night, lit up by a burning swastika. Even today, a number of white power billboards stand prominently, one right under an advertisement for Jason Robb, the local lawyer who represents the KKK. His father, Thomas Robb, succeeded David Duke as the Klans leader in the 1980s. Many people in Harrison say they resent the billboards and the KKK reputation, but the message to outsiders is clear: This is our town.

Remarkably, Maya Hood accepted that basketball scholarship in Harrison. It was the only offer she got, and she really wanted to play ball. Every day on the way to school she passed by those racist billboards. It made her sick to her stomach. In class, she says, three women told the teacher out loud were not going to work with the brown girl. Hood was studying to be a nursing assistant, and she experienced abuse from patients, who called her the n-word with an ease and entitlement she found shocking, until she just got used to it. One feeble old man, she recalls, refused to let her touch him even though he was stuck on the toilet and a white nurse wouldnt be coming to check on him for four days.

Hood wanted to quit and go home. Those first couple of years, she cried a lot. Im like, Im literally gonna die, thats what I thought in my head, how am I going to survive? But she loved her basketball coach and her teammates, and even some of her classmates became close friends. And the mountains and the rivers its all so beautiful. I tell everybody, Im like I honestly believe in my heart I was put in Harrison for a reason.

HARRISON WASNT ALWAYS a white town. After slavery was abolished a thriving community of Black people lived here along Crooked Creek. But in 1905 and 1909, after crimes were allegedly committed by Black citizens, white mobs seized the opportunity to storm the jail looking for prisoners to beat and torture. They lynched Black people and burned down their property. Eventually, on January 29, 1909, the Arkansas Gazette reported: Negroes leave Boone County.

For the most part, they have never come back. There are 37,000 people in the county, and 96 percent of them are white.

A number of years ago, in a back room of the Harrison public library, I interviewed a man named Mike Hallimore. He wouldnt let me come to his house because he thought I was a spy trying to get a look at his white power publishing empire. He was old and deceptively harmless looking. After a home health aide helped him out of the passenger side of his car, Hallimore handed my film crew bumper stickers that expressed a vile sentiment about white women who date outside of their race.

Hallimore came to Harrison from California in the 1950s because it had the right combination of anti-government fervor and cheap land. And most importantly for him, nearly everyone in town was white. For years, Hallimore was the worlds leading distributor of books on Christian Identity, a twisted theology favored by the KKK and Aryan Nations. It preaches that Black people are not human and that Jews are descendants of Satan. At least half of the material, he told me, goes out to prison addresses.

In the 1980s, Hallimore persuaded the Christian Identity pastor Thom Robb to move the headquarters of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan from Louisiana to Harrison. Later Robb brought into his fold the neo-Nazi leader Billy Roper and the racist radio host Freeland Roy Dunscombe. Robb sometimes hosts rallies, youth camps, and church services on his compound outside of town, though these days he spends most of his time online preaching hate and peddling racist memorabilia like rebel flag bedspreads and KKK trucker hats and promoting Harrisons outdated legacy. Hallimore once told me he was upset that a few Black people had started moving into town and that one is too many as far as I am concerned. Harrisons racist reputation, he said, serves the purpose to keep them out.

AMANDA CAMPBELL WAS thinking about that reputation in her home in Harrison while she watched nationwide footage of Black Lives Matter protests after the George Floyd killing. Campbell, 39, is white, a former Republican, and the mother to seven children. She said she suddenly felt an almost divine call to action. Changing the image of Harrison wouldnt be enough, she said; it was important to draw attention to the fact that white supremacists are still in town. This may not be a sundown town by law, she said, but its just barely out of that stage, you know.

Campbell and a white friend, Amber Weaver, set up a group chat online to plan a protest in Harrison. Maya Hood was on there too. My first thought was wow, Hood said, like, theres no way that was going to happen in Harrison. In the first post, Campbell wrote: Remember to keep this with those you trust. Ideally we do not want our plans leaked out to the local white supremacist groups. But within hours, someone did just that. The post went viral around town. Family members, old coworkers, anybody that knew me was getting messages . . . it just went insane. Her brother asked Campbell to stop using her maiden name on Facebook so people wouldnt know they were related. She was called a cop hater and a criminal lover. One guy seemed to be threatening to shoot her. The jab that confounded her the most was that she was trying to turn the whole police brutality thing into a racial issue.

Something else was making Campbell uneasy: It didnt feel right for a white woman to lead a Black Lives Matter protest. But Harrison is less than 1 percent Black, and she wondered if it would be irresponsible to ask the few Black people she knew to risk coming out to this protest, much less to be featured speakers. Maya Hood, for one, didnt think she could do it. I said no because someone in my family said if you say anything you will have a target on your back, Hood said. Her grandmother went further: If something happens, and bullets were to start flying and youre on the front line, theyre not gonna miss you. You know they might miss some other people, but theyre not gonna miss you.

Someone in the group suggested Campbell contact Quinn Foster, a young African American man who started an organization called Arkansas Hate Watch. He drives around the state monitoring white nationalist activity, in a pickup truck with the phrases Nazi Go Home and Black Lives Matter painted on it. There was just one potentially incendiary problem. When Quinn Foster comes to town, he brings his guns with him.

There is a racial culture in Arkansas that is destructive, he said. The white nationalist groups in Harrison consider this sort of their seat of power. I made a very clear point that if I did come up here to speak and if I did rally, I was not going to be unarmed.

Campbell knew the white nationalists and the militia groups would be out there with military-style rifles, and she was afraid that having a Black man with a gun at the march would be like throwing gasoline on the fire. But Foster persuaded her otherwise. He told her he already was getting constant threats from racist groups anyway, and more importantly, they needed to make a clear statement in Harrison. Let people know, Hey, we will go as far as we have to to protect ourselves. We are not taking a step back anymore. Were not giving you all the power that you guys enjoy, the reputation you guys enjoy, or the ability to continue this nonsense. It has to come to an end now.

ON THE MORNING of the protest someone opposed to the march spread a rumor that busloads of antifa protesters were on their way to burn Harrison to the ground. Its a hoax that has cropped up elsewhere in the country too. This fired up more militia types to come out to the square, including Amanda Campbells own brother, who, she says, showed up wearing a bulletproof vest and carrying a rifle.

Quinn Foster was starting to worry. He said he had gotten threats from local white supremacist groups. What if this went spectacularly wrong? To try and mediate things, Foster reached out his opponents not as a Black Lives Matter protester, but as a fellow pro-Second Amendment guy, a believer in openly carrying guns. They assured him that they were ready to go down fighting if things went bad, but that they wouldnt shoot first. He took them at their word and decided to proceed with the rally.

Maya Hood was an emotional wreck. She hadnt told Campbell yet, but she had decided that if things didnt turn violent, she wanted to speak. Its not like Martin Luther King speaking at the Capitol or something, but Im just like, I have a chance to speak in a place where Black people were hated and ran out of this town, and I now have the chance as a 22-year-old Black woman to stand on this stage and speak for Black lives.

AROUND 4:30 P.M. on June 5, Foster led the protest into the Harrison town square, past flag-waving armed militiamen, past a guy on a portable speaker yelling why do Black lives matter?, past a pro-life activist carrying a sign showing an aborted fetus, and past groups of people who seemed to be there for no other reason than to show their support for Donald Trump. Amanda Campbell was right behind him, fist in the air, yelling the familiar chants of Black Lives Matter movements everywhere.

The police held back and quieted the counter protesters. One cop told a group of men and boys waiving Trump flags: Come on guys, lets let them have their day. I wonder if things might have gone very differently in Harrison had the protesters opponents not been so willing to please the authorities.

The Black Lives Matter group made their way to the south side of the square, facing the road that was still open to traffic, and waved their signs to a mixed bag of supporters, curious onlookers, and outright detractors like the man on a motorcycle with a rebel flag bandana pulled up over his face.

Of course, busloads of antifa protesters never materialized. A handful of people gave speeches, and it was almost over within an hour. Campbell had promised the police department and the mayor that they would clear the square by 5:30 p.m., a concession she now regrets. But she also knew some of the protesters wanted to be out of the town before dark, and so she asked if anyone else wanted to say something before they left. Hood raised her hand.

My name is Maya and first off I just want to say how proud I am of this town, she said. Growing up where I grew up, they tell Black kids dont go to Harrison.

Thats a lie! A woman in the crowd yelled.

Hood raised her voice to speak over her, and made it through a few more sentences. All lives cannot matter until black lives matter. Then she froze up.

I was just overwhelmed with emotions, she recalled later. She thought of not just the white woman yelling, but also her stressful job treating heart patients at the hospital, the Internet trolls harassing her, the pressure to be the voice of Black people everywhere. I wasnt doing it for the attention, I was doing it because I knew the attention would be there, and I knew that my voice would be heard by somebody you know.

For a few long seconds, Hood just stood there quietly. Campbell and the other women organizers came forward and gave her a group hug. The crowd cheered. Hood wiped her eyes and went on: It has to start with each and every one of us. It has to start here in our hearts, it has to start in your mind. Educate your children, educate the people around you. Do not stay silent, silence is violence. Say their names, and now go, and get the job done.

It was one of the bravest things I think I have ever seen.

A COUPLE OF days after the march, the KKK leader Thom Robb responded via a sermon posted online, entitled Troubled Nation. He told his worldwide Internet audience that the sermon was meant for the white people of Harrison.

I know many people stood in the square in Harrison with your weapons to demonstrate that you would not let this bunch of cultural terrorists destroy our city, Robb said. They dont fear just the idea that you have a gun, but they fear your commitment and loyalty to God, race, and nation.

Robb showed video from the march and posted still pictures of the protesters on the screen, and encouraged people to confront them if they saw them in town. Every one of those protests have been designed to create hatred for law enforcement. Thats the purpose. Why? Because law and order is one of the most fundamental characteristics of a white society.

I asked Campbell and Hood what they thought of Robbs sermon. Campbell said: You know the majority of people in Harrison are not racist, are not KKK, but that minority, even though its small, is the loudest. Thats what people hear. They hear those voices screaming hate. Thats what they hear all over the country. We want to drown that out.

Hood took the question more personally: Even if they had a gun to my face, I still dont believe that I would be scared. We are literally living through history, you know like a textbook. And its like, Im a part of something that can possibly be one of the greatest things to ever happen, you know?

Brent Renaud is a writer, filmmaker, and photojournalist from Little Rock, Ark.

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Black Lives Matter in a haven for white supremacists - The Boston Globe