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For the most part, the focus of contemporary emergency management has been on natural, technological and human-made hazards such as flooding, earthquakes, tornadoes, industrial accidents, extreme weather events and cyber attacks.

However, with the increase in the availability and capabilities of artificial intelligence, we may soon see emerging public safety hazards related to these technologies that we will need to mitigate and prepare for.

Over the past 20 years, my colleagues and I along with many other researchers have been leveraging AI to develop models and applications that can identify, assess, predict, monitor and detect hazards to inform emergency response operations and decision-making.

We are now reaching a turning point where AI is becoming a potential source of risk at a scale that should be incorporated into risk and emergency management phases mitigation or prevention, preparedness, response and recovery.

AI hazards can be classified into two types: intentional and unintentional. Unintentional hazards are those caused by human errors or technological failures.

As the use of AI increases, there will be more adverse events caused by human error in AI models or technological failures in AI based technologies. These events can occur in all kinds of industries including transportation (like drones, trains or self-driving cars), electricity, oil and gas, finance and banking, agriculture, health and mining.

Intentional AI hazards are potential threats that are caused by using AI to harm people and properties. AI can also be used to gain unlawful benefits by compromising security and safety systems.

In my view, this simple intentional and unintentional classification may not be sufficient in case of AI. Here, we need to add a new class of emerging threats the possibility of AI overtaking human control and decision-making. This may be triggered intentionally or unintentionally.

Many AI experts have already warned against such potential threats. A recent open letter by researchers, scientists and others involved in the development of AI called for a moratorium on its further development.

Public safety and emergency management experts use risk matrices to assess and compare risks. Using this method, hazards are qualitatively or quantitatively assessed based on their frequency and consequence, and their impacts are classified as low, medium or high.

Hazards that have low frequency and low consequence or impact are considered low risk and no additional actions are required to manage them. Hazards that have medium consequence and medium frequency are considered medium risk. These risks need to be closely monitored.

Hazards with high frequency or high consequence or high in both consequence and frequency are classified as high risks. These risks need to be reduced by taking additional risk reduction and mitigation measures. Failure to take immediate and proper action may result in sever human and property losses.

Up until now, AI hazards and risks have not been added into the risk assessment matrices much beyond organizational use of AI applications. The time has come when we should quickly start bringing the potential AI risks into local, national and global risk and emergency management.

AI technologies are becoming more widely used by institutions, organizations and companies in different sectors, and hazards associated with the AI are starting to emerge.

In 2018, the accounting firm KPMG developed an AI Risk and Controls Matrix. It highlights the risks of using AI by businesses and urges them to recognize these new emerging risks. The report warned that AI technology is advancing very quickly and that risk control measures must be in place before they overwhelm the systems.

Governments have also started developing some risk assessment guidelines for the use of AI-based technologies and solutions. However, these guidelines are limited to risks such as algorithmic bias and violation of individual rights.

At the government level, the Canadian government issued the Directive on Automated Decision-Making to ensure that federal institutions minimize the risks associated with the AI systems and create appropriate governance mechanisms.

The main objective of the directive is to ensure that when AI systems are deployed, risks to clients, federal institutions and Canadian society are reduced. According to this directive, risk assessments must be conducted by each department to make sure that appropriate safeguards are in place in accordance with the Policy on Government Security.

In 2021, the U.S. Congress tasked the National Institute of Standards and Technology with developing an AI risk management framework for the Department of Defense. The proposed voluntary AI risk assessment framework recommends banning the use of AI systems that present unacceptable risks.

Much of the national level policy focus on AI has been from national security and global competition perspectives the national security and economic risks of falling behind in the AI technology.

The U.S. National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence highlighted national security risks associated with AI. These were not from the public threats of the technology itself, but from losing out in the global competition for AI development in other countries, including China.

In its 2017 Global Risk Report, the World Economic Forum highlighted that AI is only one of emerging technologies that can exacerbate global risk. While assessing the risks posed by the AI, the report concluded that, at that time, super-intelligent AI systems remain a theoretical threat.

However, the latest Global Risk Report 2023 does not even mention the AI and AI associated risks which means that the leaders of the global companies that provide inputs to the global risk report had not viewed the AI as an immediate risk.

AI development is progressing much faster than government and corporate policies in understanding, foreseeing and managing the risks. The current global conditions, combined with market competition for AI technologies, make it difficult to think of an opportunity for governments to pause and develop risk governance mechanisms.

While we should collectively and proactively try for such governance mechanisms, we all need to brace for major catastrophic AIs impacts on our systems and societies.

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We need to prepare for the public safety hazards posed by artificial intelligence - The Conversation

Over the last few years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence has taken the world by storm as many experts believe machine learning technology will fundamentally alter the way of life for all humans.

The general idea of artificial intelligence is that it represents the ability to mimic human consciousness and therefore can complete tasks that only humans can do. Artificial intelligence has various uses, such as making the most optimal decisions in a chess match, driving a family of four across the United States, or writing a 3,000 world essay for a college student.

Read below to understand the concepts and abilities of the four categories of artificial intelligence.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FAQ

The most basic form of artificial intelligence is reactive machines, which react to an input with a simplistic output programmed into the machine. In this form of AI, the program does not actually learn a new concept or have the ability to make predictions based on a dataset. During this first stage of AI, reactive machines do not store inputs and, therefore, cannot use past decisions to inform current ones.

The simplest type of artificial intelligence is seen in reactive machines, which were used in the late 1990s to defeat the world's best chess players. (REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration)

Reactive machines best exemplify the earliest form of artificial intelligence. Reactive machines were capable of beating the world's best chess players in the late 1990s by making the most optimal decisions based on their opponent's moves. The world was shocked when IBM's chess player, Deep Blue, defeated chess grandmaster Guy Kasparov during their rematch in 1997.

Reactive machines have the ability to generate thousands of different possibilities in the present based on input; however, the AI ignores all other forms of data in the present moment, and no actual learning occurs. Regardless, this programming led the way to machine-learning computing and introduced the unique power of artificial intelligence to the public for the first time.

Limited memory further expanded the complexity and abilities of machine learning computing. This form of artificial intelligence understands the concept of storing previous data and using it to make accurate predictions for the future. Through a series of trial and error efforts, limited memory allows the program to perfect tasks typically completed by humans, such as driving a car.

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Limited memory AI is trained by scientists to memorize a data set before an environment is built in which it has the ability to correct mistakes and have approved behaviors reinforced. The AI then perfects its ability to complete the task during the training phase by receiving feedback from either human or environmental stimuli. That feedback is then reviewed and used to make better decisions in the future.

Elon Musk is the founder and CEO of Tesla, a leading self-driving vehicles company. (AP Photo/Susan Walsh, File)

A perfect example of limited memory artificial intelligence is self-driving cars. The model examines the speed and direction of other cars in the present moment to make the best decisions on the road. The training phase of self-driving cars also considers traffic lights, road structures, lane markings, and how human drivers act on the road. Companies like Tesla are leading the way in producing and wide-scale marketing of AI-controlled self-driving vehicles.

Theory of mind AI systems are still being researched and developed by computer scientists and may represent the future of machine learning. The general concept of the theory of mind is that an AI system will be able to react in real time to the emotions and mental characteristics of the human entity it encounters. Scientists hope that AI can complete these tasks by understanding the emotions, beliefs, thinking, and needs of individual humans.

This future AI system will need to have the ability to look past the data and understand that humans often make decisions not based on purely sound logic or fact but rather based on the mental state of their mind and overall emotions. Therefore, machine learning will need to adjust their decisions and behavior according to the mental state of humans.

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The development of self-aware artificial intelligence is not possible with today's technology but would represent a massive achievement for machine learning science. (Cyberguy.com)

While this is not possible at the moment, if the theory of the mind ever becomes a reality, it would be one of the greatest developments in artificial intelligence computing in decades.

The final stage of the development of artificial intelligence is when the machine has the ability to become self-aware and form its own identity. This form of AI is not at all possible today but has been used in science fiction media for decades to scare and intrigue the public. In order for self-aware AI to become possible, scientists will need to find a way to replicate consciousness into a machine.

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The ability to map human consciousness is a goal far beyond simply plugging inputs into an AI program or using a dataset to predict future outcomes. It represents the pinnacle of machine learning technology and may fundamentally shift how humans interact with themselves and the world.

Artificial narrow intelligence, or ANI, is the simplest form of AI, but also one of the most common types of machine learning in the daily lives of individuals across the world. Narrow intelligence machines are based on a learning algorithm that is designed to complete one singular task successfully and will not store information to complete different tasks. Tasks where narrow intelligence generally succeeds include language translation and image recognition. Products such as Apple's Siri and Amazon's Alex are examples of ANI.

Artificial general intelligence, or AGI, describes a form of machine learning that simulates human cognitive systems by completing different takes. This form of AI is able to store information while completing and use that data to perfect its performance in future tasks. However, AGI is only a hypothetical form of AI and has not yet been invented. The ultimate goal of AGI would be to surpass human capabilities in completing complex tasks.

Artificial super intelligence is another example of AI that has not yet been invented but is rather a concept that describes the most advanced form of machine learning. ASI is a concept that envisions a future in which computer programs will be able to simulate human thought and evolve beyond human cognitive abilities. This stage of AI is considered science fiction, but could be possible decades from now, depending on how advance AI becomes.

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What are the four main types of artificial intelligence? Find out how future AI programs can change the world - Fox News

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In May 2023, actor Tom Hanks said he planned to use artificial-intelligence (AI) technology to keep making films after his death.

In a podcast interview that aired on May 12, 2023, Hanks acknowledged the possibility of having his likeness recreated by AI and used in films; however, he did not say he would definitely use the technology to make films after his death. In full context, he was speaking on the technology's potential impact on the film industry as a whole not his career specifically.

On May 19, 2023, an article on Disney Dining, awebsite that purports to publishDisney news, claimed that actor Tom Hanks said he would keep making movies after his death by using artificial-intelligence technology. The article's headline stated, "Actor Tom Hanks Will Keep Making Films After His Death."

In its openingparagraphs, the article claimed:

Tom Hanks says he'll be making Hollywood blockbusters long after he dies.

Most successful Hollywood actors intend to keep making movies until they die. But actor Tom Hanksa two-time Academy Award winner and four-time Golden Globe winnersays that won't stop him, and he will continue his acting career, even after he passes away.

The article went on to accurately transcribe real quotes from the actor during an interview on The Adam Buxton Podcast, hosted by British comedian Adam Buxton. However, for the purpose of this fact check, we're focusing on the article's underlying claim which wasa false characterization of Hanks' words in the interview.

In that interview, which aired May 12, 2023, Hanks talked about the possibilities and concerns that artificial intelligence generated, and the potential legal ramifications for actors who wanted to protect their image, voice, or other characteristics as intellectual property. He discussed on a theoretical level how his image could be usedand never said he woulduse artificial intelligence to make films in any circumstance, much less to keep making films after his death.

The conversation took place at the 36-minute mark, when Hanks responded to a question about whether he had placed legal restrictions on the recreation of hisperformances through AI.

We transcribed the full conversation below (emphasis, ours):

Adam Buxton: My wife is a lawyer, and she is interested to know whether you have placed legal restrictions on who gets to use AI in order to recreate a Tom Hanks performance when you are no longer acting?

Tom Hanks: This is something that is literally part and parcel to what's going on in the realm of intellectual property rights right now. This has always been lingering. The first time we did a movie that had a huge amount of our own data locked in a computer, literally what we looked like, was a movie called "The Polar Express" which we made back around the year 2000. And we saw this coming, we saw that there was going to be this ability to take zeros and ones from inside a computer and turn it into a face and a character. That has only grown a billion-fold since then and we see it everywhere. I can tell you that there [are] discussions going on in all of the guilds, all of the agencies, and all of the legal firms in order to come up with the legal ramifications of my face and my voice and everybody else's being our intellectual property. [...]

What is a bona fide possibility right now is, if I wanted to, I could get together and pitch a series of seven movies that would star me in them in which I would be 32 years old from now until kingdom come.

Anybody can now recreate themselves at any age they are by way of AI or deep fake technology. I could be hit by a bus tomorrow and that's it, but performances can go on and on and on and on.

Outside the understanding that has been done with AI and deep-fake, there'll be nothing to tell you that it's not me and me alone. And it's going to have some degree of lifelike quality. That's certainly an artistic challenge but it's also a legal one.

Buxton: Sure, but I think that people will be able to tell, because what will be missing are the unique choices that you made as an actor and as a person that produce certain performances.

Hanks: Without a doubt people will be able to tell. But the question is will they care?

Buxton: Yeah they will.

Hanks: I think you have more faith in the human condition than others. There are some people that won't care, that won't make that delineation. [...] We're talking about literally a long time ago, this guy invented a machine that could print, that could create lies that would be taken as absolute truths by anyone who read them and then decided to believe them as opposed to examine them. And that guy, his name was Gutenberg and he invented the printing press. This is a super attenuated version of that printing press. AI, deepfake, anything will be able to lie just as well as they can go ahead and be able to tell the truth, and there are gonna be some people who are going to put a huge stake in what is authentic and what is not, just as there are going to be a ton of people who ain't going to care.

In sum, Hanks acknowledged the possibility of having his likeness recreated by AI and used in films; however, he did not say he would definitely use the technology to make films after his death. Hanks said"if [he] wanted to" he could pitch movies starring an AI version of his younger self, but he didnot outrightly say he would do that as a living actor, nor after he dies.

Given that the headline and openingparagraphs of the Disney Dining article misrepresentedHanks' words, we rated this claim "False."

Burkett, Becky. "Actor Tom Hanks Will Keep Making Films After His Death." Disney Dining, 19 May 2023, https://www.disneydining.com/actor-tom-hanks-will-keep-making-films-after-his-death-bb1/.Accessed 19 May 2023.

"EP.201 - TOM HANKS." ADAM BUXTON, https://www.adam-buxton.co.uk/podcasts/lpbk8k9zbhx54zt-8yl8m-mdzjc-whmf8-2lwfg-emz92-cxnlh-ghwwh-r34cb-sfwnb-kmjcj-x8cgn-gzmzx-xfpt5-x6cma-d8lbc. Accessed 19 May 2023.

"Tom Hanks: I Could Appear in Movies after Death with AI Technology." BBC News, 16 May 2023. http://www.bbc.com, https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65607420.Accessed 19 May 2023.

Nur Nasreen Ibrahim is a reporter with experience working in television, international news coverage, fact checking, and creative writing.

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Did Tom Hanks Say He Will Use AI to Make Films After His Death? - Snopes.com

We asked ChatGPT to name the top 10 athletes of all time from the state of Iowa. The list the artificial intelligence app came up with had some obvious names on it (Dan Gable) but was missing some considered by most to be among the state's best athletes (Bob Feller, Shawn Johnson).The results are based on accomplishments and recognition. Here's what the model came up with. Do you agree with the list?Top 10 athletes of all time from the state of Iowa1. Nile Kinnick- College football player at the University of Iowa and Heisman Trophy winner.2. Kurt Warner - NFL quarterback and Super Bowl MVP.3. Dan Gable - Olympic wrestler, coach and motivational speaker.4. Lolo Jones - Olympic hurdler and bobsledder.5. Tom Brands - Olympic wrestler and coach.6. Jason Momoa - Actor and former college football player at the University of Hawaii. 7. Zach Johnson - Professional golfer and Masters Tournament winner.8. Fred Hoiberg - NBA player and collegiate basketball coach.9. B.J. Armstrong - NBA player and three-time NBA champion.10. Chuck Long - College football quarterback at the University of Iowa and college football analyst.The video above is from a previous report about a Nile Kinnick documentary.

We asked ChatGPT to name the top 10 athletes of all time from the state of Iowa.

The list the artificial intelligence app came up with had some obvious names on it (Dan Gable) but was missing some considered by most to be among the state's best athletes (Bob Feller, Shawn Johnson).

The results are based on accomplishments and recognition.

Here's what the model came up with. Do you agree with the list?

1. Nile Kinnick- College football player at the University of Iowa and Heisman Trophy winner.

2. Kurt Warner - NFL quarterback and Super Bowl MVP.

3. Dan Gable - Olympic wrestler, coach and motivational speaker.

4. Lolo Jones - Olympic hurdler and bobsledder.

5. Tom Brands - Olympic wrestler and coach.

6. Jason Momoa - Actor and former college football player at the University of Hawaii.

7. Zach Johnson - Professional golfer and Masters Tournament winner.

8. Fred Hoiberg - NBA player and collegiate basketball coach.

9. B.J. Armstrong - NBA player and three-time NBA champion.

10. Chuck Long - College football quarterback at the University of Iowa and college football analyst.

The video above is from a previous report about a Nile Kinnick documentary.

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These are the top 10 athletes of all time from the state of Iowa, according to ChatGPT - KCCI Des Moines

When it comes to outfitting their homes with the latest technology, the super-rich dont skimp. And its not just about having a high-end sound system or a state-of-the-art fridge. Nowadays, smart home systems are the must-have gadgets for the tech-savvy elite.

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They want the latest and greatest technology to cater to their every whim, and theyre willing to pay top dollar for it. From energy-saving light dimmers to multiroom entertainment servers, high-tech systems from Lutron Electronics Corp., Crestron Electronics and Kaleidescape Inc. are just a few of the many electronics systems the super-rich are demanding in their homes.

For the average person, the dream of living in a home where mundane tasks can be outsourced to a device is becoming a reality thanks to products like Amazon Echo and Google Home. But for those with unlimited resources, the possibilities are endless.

With the rise of connected devices, there is a growing demand for innovative and high-tech solutions to make homes more efficient, comfortable and secure. Precedence Research projects the global smart home market will be worth around $581.85 billion by 2032. Startups like RYSE, a technology company that creates connected devices for smart homes and smart window shades, have seen significant traction in recent years. The startup has seen particular traction among retail investors, raising millions on popular startup investing platforms like Republic and Wefunder.

According to Winnie Bekmanis, who works in product marketing for the Internet of Things (IoT) at Qualcomm, affluent households are more likely to be early adopters of new technology. What differentiates the pricier smart home systems is the scale of installation and personalization.

Personalization is key in the smart homes of the super-rich. Celebrity homes are perfect examples of what personalized smart home systems can look like. Actress Sofia Vergaras smart house allows her to watch movies in her at-home theater and Skype with family and use social media on a mega screen. Meanwhile, media mogul Oprah Winfrey spent $14 million on a high-tech ski home in Telluride, Colorado, where a radiant heat system keeps the driveway completely snow-free.

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Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg are also fans of smart home systems. Guests in the Microsoft Corp. founders home receive devices to connect them to the smart house technology, which includes controlling temperature, lighting and music. Meanwhile, Zuckerberg created his own artificial intelligence (AI)-powered home system, Jarvis, which is voiced by Morgan Freeman.

Smart home systems make it easy to precisely control and customize nearly everything in your house from one interface, according to Bekmanis. And with advancements in artificial intelligence, the possibilities are endless, including security cameras that recognize the difference between an intruder and Grandma or sending notifications when a child has lost their key and needs help with remote access.

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Forbes reports that no expense is too high and no scenario has been left unconsidered in terms of home security. Some of the most extravagant homes feature bat caves, bulletproof everything and even laser curtains.

Residence 950 in San Francisco is a perfect example of a luxury fortress with a top-notch security system borrowed from major firms like Dell Inc. Its garage alone is enough to make Batman envious with its cave-style entryway. And if you manage to make it past the enterprise-level firewall and biometric keypad, there are still safe rooms, bulletproof shutters and high-capacity security camera systems to contend with.

But the security measures dont stop there. Some ultra-rich homeowners want counter-flash measures to deter snoopers and paparazzi, while others desire trapping mechanisms that lock intruders inside until the authorities arrive. And for those who fear action-movie-level attacks, there are even homes with blast-proof floors and walls and chemical attack protections like pop-up tents for a safe haven.

For the super-wealthy, its not just about having the latest tech; its about personalizing it to suit their every need.

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This article Inside The High-Tech Homes Of The Super-Rich: Smart Systems, Security Fortresses And Personalized Gadgets originally appeared on Benzinga.com

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Inside The High-Tech Homes Of The Super-Rich: Smart Systems, Security Fortresses And Personalized Gadgets - Yahoo Finance