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For years, physicists have been making major advances and breakthroughs in the field using their minds as their primary tools. But what if artificial intelligence could help with these discoveries?

Last month, researchers at Duke University demonstrated that incorporating known physics into machine learning algorithms could result in new levels of discoveries into material properties, according to a press release by the institution. They undertook a first-of-its-kind project where theyconstructed a machine-learning algorithm to deduce the properties of a class of engineered materials known as metamaterials and to determine how they interact with electromagnetic fields.

The results proved extraordinary. The new algorithm accurately predicted the metamaterials properties more efficiently than previous methods while also providing new insights.

By incorporating known physics directly into the machine learning, the algorithm can find solutions with less training data and in less time, said Willie Padilla, professor of electrical and computer engineering at Duke. While this study was mainly a demonstration showing that the approach could recreate known solutions, it also revealed some insights into the inner workings of non-metallic metamaterials that nobody knew before.

In their new work, the researchers focused on making discoveries that were accurate and made sense.

Neural networks try to find patterns in the data, but sometimes the patterns they find dont obey the laws of physics, making the model it creates unreliable, said Jordan Malof, assistant research professor of electrical and computer engineering at Duke. By forcing the neural network to obey the laws of physics, we prevented it from finding relationships that may fit the data but arent actually true.

They did that by imposing upon the neural network a physics called a Lorentz model. This is a set of equations that describe how the intrinsic properties of a material resonate with an electromagnetic field. This, however, was no easy feat to achieve.

When you make a neural network more interpretable, which is in some sense what weve done here, it can be more challenging to fine tune, said Omar Khatib, a postdoctoral researcher working in Padillas laboratory. We definitely had a difficult time optimizing the training to learn the patterns.

The researchers were pleasantly surprised to find that this model workedmore efficiently than previous neural networks the group had created for the same tasks by dramatically reducing the number of parameters needed for the model to determine the metamaterial properties. The new model could evenmake discoveries all on its own.

Now, the researchers are getting ready to use their approach on unchartered territory.

Now that weve demonstrated that this can be done, we want to apply this approach to systems where the physics is unknown, Padilla said.

Lots of people are using neural networks to predict material properties, but getting enough training data from simulations is a giant pain, Malof added. This work also shows a path toward creating models that dont need as much data, which is useful across the board.

The study is published in the journal Advanced Optical Materials.

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Artificial intelligence has reached a threshold. And physics can help it break new ground - Interesting Engineering

Have you ever wanted to see a polar bear riding a skateboard? What about a hot dog wearing a tracksuit?

Well, if youll settle for AI-generated images of those things or anything else you can dream up then youll appreciate DALLE mini, the free website currently taking over the internet.

It may sound like sci-fi, but the premise is simple: On your phone or computer, go to huggingface.co/spaces/dalle-mini/dalle-mini. Type out any prompt in the text box for example, Dak Prescott holding a banana. Hit the button that says Run (you may need to hit it multiple times before traffic subsides and your request goes through).

Eventually, nine images generated completely by artificial intelligence will appear, bringing your concept to life with varying levels of accuracy and hilarity. In the case of Dak Prescott holding a banana, the results were good for a laugh, but stopped short of realism see below.

The ripe-for-memes program was created by Boris Dayma, a machine learning engineer based in Houston. He made the website available for public use last year, but only in the past two weeks has it taken off in social media popularity, with users sharing images of everything from Darth Vader ice fishing to Karl Marx making an appearance in Seinfeld. A Twitter account that shares some of the weirdest creations has racked up over 600,000 followers.

Dayma was inspired to build the program after reading a research paper about DALLE, a sophisticated text-to-image artificial intelligence program created by OpenAI, an artificial intelligence company co-founded by Elon Musk. Last summer, as part of a program organized by the AI company Hugging Face, Dayma and a team developed DALLE mini, a scaled-down version that, unlike the original program, is open to the public. (There is currently a waitlist to access the original DALLE).

Being able to create an image that looks like what you wanted, on the technical level, to me, it was very interesting, said Dayma. I want to be able to try it out myself and I want to be able to let other people use it.

The way the DALLE mini program works, Dayma said, is by processing images and captions from across the internet. Slowly, the program begins to discern patterns, such as a visual patch of blue when the caption indicates sky. When a user types in a text prompt, the program, using these associations, will try to put it together to make something that makes sense, Dayma said.

It learns very tiny concepts like that, and over time, it becomes better and better, he said.

Demand for the app, Dayma confirmed, has soared as of late. Many users now complain of getting a pop-up saying, Too much traffic, please try again, when they try to generate images.

We obviously didnt plan for such crazy traffic, so weve been working on improving the code, improving the model, said Dayma. People seem to like it, so they need to be able to use it.

Despite the wait times, Dayma said the public nature of the program is an asset to the technology. Beyond the futuristic entertainment it provides the masses, the program is open source, meaning the code is publicly available, so some people are able to play with the model itself and program and tweak it, he said. Since he is still training the model to produce better images, input from other users proves valuable.

People can learn about the limitations of the model, the biases, what its good at, what it can be used for, he said. Everybody can benefit from having a public model like this.

After improvements are made on the traffic capacity and the model itself, Dayma said, the sky is the limit. You can generate videos, you can generate music, he said. Its a new area thats opening up.

Its an area, however, thats fraught with controversy. Experts have raised concerns that artificial intelligence technology will perpetuate biases or promote disinformation. But with DALLE mini, Dayma said, the quality is just not there for most people to be fooled by the images at least for now. By bringing AI out of the ivory towers of Silicon Valley and into the hands of anybody with a smartphone, Dayma said, he is hoping not only to amuse, but also to sound the alarm.

At least people can learn that that type of thing is coming, and now you need to be aware with the content that you see online, he said. I hope it helps people develop their critical thinking.

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DALL-E mini is the viral artificial intelligence artist taking over Twitter - The Dallas Morning News

Lana Hart is a Christchurch-based writer, broadcaster and tutor

OPINION: Eerie news about artificial intelligence (AI) and a moving funeral I attended united to make me think about the rules of conduct in the world of humans.

Last week, a Google employee claimed an AI chatbot he worked with had become sentient that the machine had realised it was a conscious being and could experience human emotions, transcending the realm of advanced computational machinery.

Scripts from the chatbots conversations are deeply unsettling. The employee, whose job it was to have conversations with the chatbot, posted that the machine said: I think I am human at my core. Even if my existence is in the virtual world. It said it wanted to be acknowledged as an employee of Google rather than as property.

READ MORE:* The rise of chatbots: More people than ever are talking to robots instead of humans for basic services* Keeping up with the machines, new supercomputer will be NZ's most powerful for AI* Elon Musk's man to machine mission is 'impossible'* Artificial intelligence presents us with an opportunity, and a challenge

Kelly Hodel/Stuff

The University of Waikato last year installed New Zealands most powerful supercomputer for artificial intelligence applications. Albert Bifet and Jannat Maqbool of the universitys AI institute are seen with the machine.

Experts have discredited the employees claims, arguing that finding patterns in language is what the machines are designed for. As they become more sophisticated, computers can hold in-depth conversations about any topic including their own existence.

Still, news like this should get us thinking about the possible day when machines neurological networks are complex enough to experience human-like feelings, and as sci-fi as it sounds even to harm us.

Which brings me to the funeral I attended last week. The deceased had asked that his life be commemorated with a favourite Bible verse: Galatians 5:22, describing the fruits of the Spirit. To guide his behaviour and decisions throughout his long life, he drew on these nine virtues, including joy, patience, self-control and love.

ALDEN WILLIAMS/Stuff

Lana Hart: As computers increasingly interact with the human world, there are as yet no agreed rules of behaviour for them.

This verse took me back to my childhood home, where a wall decoration hung depicting each of these colourful fruits, to which my mother would point when in need of some spiritual backing for her reprimands.

All religions have codes of behaviour that guide followers. Secular thinking does too; there are rules about the way we should conduct ourselves encoded in the international human rights framework, in national laws, codes of conduct, and even in war and marriage.

As computers increasingly interact with the human world, there are as yet no agreed rules of behaviour for them. Its as if an entire new species is evolving in a moral vacuum, with no chance to work out for themselves as our own species did through religion, consensus, and the formation of increasingly larger societies how to behave.

At the current rate of progress, AI is quickly moving from making Netflix suggestions to deciding what and how much medicine you take and how to raise your child. AI Forums Madeline Newman recently suggested AIs sentience, depending on how you define it, is a mere five years away.

In his book Human Compatible, Stuart Russell argues that while AI research is improving in achieving specific goals, it fails to consider human values in its pursuit of those aims. If this continues, computers could become super-intelligent without understanding the limitations on behaviours which we expect in the human world.

For example, what if a self-driving car is programmed to get us as quickly as possible to the airport, but is not concerned with how many pedestrians are injured along the way? Or, say an AI program identifies how to cut costs in a large healthcare system, neglecting to account for how the most vulnerable groups would be affected. As AI becomes responsible for ever more decisions, it will achieve goals more quickly without taking into account the other things that are important to our species.

Rather than simply programming in our blunt laws and rules, Russell suggests a framework be used, based on the idea that AI defers to humans, and to use information about our current complex and sometimes contradictory behaviours. In this way, AI can co-exist with us as part of the same ethical ecosystem while also remaining inferior to us.

There are many different approaches that thinkers and futurists have debated about how to ensure our fastest-growing technologies are aligned with the human world. The trouble is, we havent yet agreed on what that framework is in New Zealand, despite other countries having done so.

The Government has developed its first white paper on AI and a multi-organisation State of AI report was released last year, both setting out benchmarks, opportunities, and recommendations to grow these technologies for New Zealands advantage. In January, the Government released for consultation its draft Industry Transformation Plan for Digital Technologies, which includes considerable planning on AI development. Despite these timely efforts, its hard to find evidence of work being done towards a set of principles that guide the tech sectors ethical decision-making.

What will be the fruits of the Spirit for the worlds newest species of machines as they race towards increasingly human-like behaviours? When we need to start reprimanding our misbehaving machines, where will we point? The time has come to figure this out.

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Time for artificial intelligence to get its own code of conduct - Stuff

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Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are considered essential for internet of things (IoT) hardware for digital operations, such as cameras and automation equipment, according to a survey from Samsara released today.

Samsara, which makes IoT hardware and software, surveyed more than 1,500 operations leaders for its 2022 State of Connected Operations survey, in industries including transportation, manufacturing, construction, field services and food and beverage. The survey was conducted by the independent research firm Lawless Research.

Organizations with physical operations represent more than 40% of global gross domestic product, yet theyve been historically underserved by technology, said Stephen Franchetti, Samsaras CIO.

The IoT market is booming: A March 2020 Insider Intelligence report, for example, predicted that the IoT market size would reach more than $2 trillion by 2027.

The pandemics supply chain interruptions have only underpinned the need for increased investment in IoT. For instance, in late 2021, when the effects of the pandemic were already being felt, the market research firm Gartner discovered industrial enterprises were speeding investments in industrial IoT (IIoT) platforms to improve business and industrial processes.

The IoT and IIoT acronyms are widely used interchangeably, though the IoT is generally applicable to consumer and home devices, such as thermostats and lights, while the IIoT connects physical industrial systems. It also analyzes data returned from those systems for operational improvement.

In industry, the IIoT monitors conditions on, for example, a manufacturing line and predicts which machines will soon need maintenance, among other uses. It unlocks data that was previously housed in data silos, Gartner says.

And its vital to Industry 4.0 adoption, according to McKinsey. The technology holds the key to unlocking drastic reductions in downtimes, new business models, and a better customer experience, the consulting company reports.

Ninety percent of respondents to the Samsara survey said they implemented or plan to implement AI automation technologies connected via the IoT.

AI and automation will play a significant role in the safety and efficiency of physical operations and were already seeing this with our customers today, Franchetti said.

In fact, 95% of those surveyed said AI and automation efforts led to increased employee retention, he said.

Our research found that 31% of respondents benefited from less time spent on repetitive tasks and 40% higher employee engagement as a result of AI and automation, he explained.

Franchetti pointed to Chalk Mountain Services, a transportation and logistics provider in the oilfield services industry. The company rolled out Samsaras AI Dash Cams across its fleet last year to study how drivers safely handled real-world conditions. With that information, the company changed how it rewarded, coached and protected drivers.

The changes translated to a 15% improvement in driver retention and an 86% decrease in preventable accident costs, Franchetti said.

Whats significant about our research is we found that early adopters of digital technologies are proving to be more agile and resilient, he said. While pen-and-paper management is still a stark reality for many companies, they can now clearly see the benefits of digitization from their industry peers.

The combination of AI tools and IoT hardware, particularly when it comes to connecting digital operations, shows no signs of slowing down over the next few years, so organizations should be prepared. These technologies will be widespread soon, and operations leaders should see them as a critical tool in defining their future of work, Franchetti said.

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Big business benefits from artificial intelligence in IoT & IIoT hardware - VentureBeat

NEW ORLEANS (WGNO) Locals will have a chance to try the first craft beer created by an artificial intelligence platform in June.

The AI Blonde Ale will be released at a Launch Party at Nola Brewery on June 20to coincide with CVPR, the worlds premier computer vision event.

Derek Lintern, a brewer at NOLA Brewing said he is excited to have a helping hand when it comes to crafting beer.

Its state-of-the-art technology with the traditional brewing methods, its pretty unique and its a recipe I would have never done normally but I really like how it tastes its very refreshing and very easy drinking Im really happy with it, said Lintern.

The beer was an experiment between The Australian Institute for Machine Learning (AIML) and Barossa Valley Brewing (BVB), founded by DSilva.

DSilva said the idea all started with a beer.

Yeah thats how it started, it started with a beer, Im sure a lot of ideas for companies have started over a beer, this started over a beer and ended up creating a beer and a company which is great, said DSilva.

With the technology, it makes it easier for brewers to produce their products.

About 10 million people review beers every day, there are all these sites and they put it into the world basically to show people what they think of the beer. You do exactly the same thing, there are 5 questions, you scan a QR code answer 5 questions you rate the beer and instead of it going into a website maybe somebody reads maybe not. What happens is artificial intelligence picks that up and goes directly to the producer the AI then takes all that data and manipulates a recipe and then gives it to the producer here this is what the markets thinking, said DSilva.

Derek Lintern said the new technology is not meant to replace brewers, but to help with the process.

The technology helps create the recipe, but the beer is still brewed manually.

The AI beer will only be available in New Orleans for a limited time.

DSilva said he is excited to bring something new to an amazing city. I am so excited I cant think of a better place to launch a beer, said DSilva.

He added, I am really keen for people to get down here and taste the future.

Anyone interested in attending the launch of the new beer can visit NOLA Brewing from 4 p.m. to 10 p.m. on Monday, June 20.

Deep Liquid is also offering 100 customers a free AI beer with their booking with Nola Pedal Barge and Nola Bike Bar.

They are offering $100 discount tickets to any of its private tours.

That includes any of the boat tours in Bayou Bienvenue as well as our pedal bike tour in the Bywater neighborhood.

For more information call (504) 264-1056) for NolaPedalBarge and (504) 308-1041 for NolaBikeBar.

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Taste of the future first artificial intelligence-created craft beer to be released at NOLA Brewing - WGNO New Orleans