Archive for the ‘Alphazero’ Category

Four Draws in Round Three of 2022 Candidates | US Chess.org – uschess.org

It had to happen sometime.

All four games were drawn today at the 2022 FIDE Candidates Tournament in Madrid, Spain. Some games like the 30 move snoozefest from GMs Teimour Radjabov and Ian Nepomniachtchi were limp affairs from the get-go.

Image Caption

courtesy FIDE / Stev Bonhage

Others, like the draw between GMs Fabiano Caruana and Jan-Krzysztof Duda, showed a bit of promise from the outset, but soon sputtered, never really getting going.

Image Caption

courtesy FIDE / Stev Bonhage

But GM Ding Liren will look back on Sundays third round as an opportunity lost. After gaining an edge in a topical Grnfeld, Ding struggled when GM Richard Rapport muddied the waters, and after finding the correct move on the 22nd move, he missed the critical continuations on moves 23 and 27, and the game was draw after the time control.

The game of the day was undoubtedly the battle between GMs Alireza Firouzja and Hikaru Nakamura. Our guest annotator GM Jacob Aagaard provides a pithy, accurate description of the encounter.

Nakamura has played this variation many times and so far held all the games against his colleagues. It is the most solid corner of his repertoire. Firouzja comes with an interesting idea, but does not manage to rattle Nakamura, who finds all the right moves. But low on time in the endgame, Black gets into some problems, which he had to solve with great accuracy to draw the game. This was definitely the best effort of the day.

Will this near-miss haunt Firouzja? Will it energize Nakamura? He seemed fairly chipper in his post-game recap for his YouTube channel, saying he was pleased with his play and the result.

Monday is a rest day in Madrid, the first of four during the event. Caruana and Nepomniachtchi lead at this first interval at 2/3, but of course no one (save perhaps Radjabov) is out of contention so early in the contest.

Play resumes Tuesday at 9 a.m. Eastern. Pairings are:

Rapport NakamuraNepomniachtchi FirouzjaDuda RadjabovDing Caruana

FIDE Candidates homepageUS Chess Candidates homepageCandidates Overview (including streaming links)Lichess analysis study (Aagaard)Round 1Round 2

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Four Draws in Round Three of 2022 Candidates | US Chess.org - uschess.org

Part 1: A Realistic Framing Of The Progress In Artificial Intelligence – Investing.com UK

Global Corporate Investment In AI

Source: Daniel Zhang, Nestor Maslej, Erik Brynjolfsson, John Etchemendy, Terah Lyons, James Manyika, Helen Ngo, Juan Carlos Niebles, Michael Sellitto, Ellie Sakhaee, Yoav Shoham, Jack Clark, and Raymond Perrault, The AI Index 2022 Annual Report, AI Index Steering Committee, Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI, Stanford University, March 2022. Historical performance is not an indication of future results and any investments may go down in value.

What activities is the money funding?

Aggregate investment amounts are one thing, but its more concrete to consider specific areas of activity. Figure 2 below is helpful in that regard, providing a sense of change in 2021 relative to 2020.

Figure 2: Private investment in AI by focus area, 2020 vs. 2021

Private Investment In AI By Focus Area, 2020 Vs. 2021

Source: Daniel Zhang, Nestor Maslej, Erik Brynjolfsson, John Etchemendy, Terah Lyons, James Manyika, Helen Ngo, Juan Carlos Niebles, Michael Sellitto, Ellie Sakhaee, Yoav Shoham, Jack Clark, and Raymond Perrault, The AI Index 2022 Annual Report, AI Index Steering Committee, Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI, Stanford University, March 2022. Historical performance is not an indication of future results and any investments may go down in value.

Is AI technically improving?

This is a fascinating question, the answer to which may have nearly infinite depth and would be covered in a limitless array of academic papers to come. What we can note here is the fact that it involves two distinct efforts:

I find semantic segmentation particularly interesting. It sounds like something only an academic would ever say, but it refers to the concept of seeing a person riding a bike in a picture. You want the AI to be able to know what pixels are the person and what pixels are the bike.

If you are thinkingwho cares if sophisticated AI can discern the person vs. the bike in such an image, I grant you that it may not be the highest value application. However, picture an image of an internal organ on a medical imagenow think about the value of segmenting healthy tissue vs. a tumour or a lesion. Can you see the value that could bring?

The Stanford AI Index report breaks down specific tests designed to measure how AI models are progressing in such areas as:

Many of these areas are approaching what could be defined as the human standard, but its also important to note that most of them are only specialising in the one specific task for which they were designed.

Conclusion: Its still early for AI

With certain megatrends, its important to have the humility to recognise that we dont know with certainty what will happen next. With AI, we can predict certain innovations, be it in vision, autonomous vehicles, or drones, we must also recognise that the biggest returns may come from activities we arent tracking yet.

Stay tuned for Part 2 where we discuss recent results on certain companies operating in the space.

Disclaimer: This material is prepared by WisdomTree and its affiliates and is not intended to be relied upon as a forecast, research or investment advice, and is not a recommendation, offer or solicitation to buy or sell any securities or to adopt any investment strategy. The opinions expressed are as of the date of production and may change as subsequent conditions vary. The information and opinions contained in this material are derived from proprietary and non-proprietary sources. As such, no warranty of accuracy or reliability is given and no responsibility arising in any other way for errors and omissions (including responsibility to any person by reason of negligence) is accepted by WisdomTree, nor any affiliate, nor any of their officers, employees or agents. Reliance upon information in this material is at the sole discretion of the reader. Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future performance.

[1] Source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/mrna.html#:~:text=The%20Pfizer%2DBioNTech%20and%20Moderna,use%20in%20the%20United%20States.

[2] Source: Heikkila, Melissa. The hype around DeepMinds new AI models misses whats actually cool about it. MIT Technology Review. 23 May 2022.

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Part 1: A Realistic Framing Of The Progress In Artificial Intelligence - Investing.com UK

Who Will Win The Candidates: The Case For Each Player – Chess.com

It's the biggest question on everybody's mind this month: Who will win the 2022 FIDE Candidates Tournament and challenge World Champion Magnus Carlsen for the crown? There are eight candidates, and each has a chance to play for the highest title in chess.

Whether you're looking to learn more about each player, borrow talking points for your favorite to win, or share your counter-perspective in the comments, I've provided the case for each player, listed in descending order by classical rating.

GM Ding Liren has earned the nickname "King Ding" in Twitch chats and online forums. He is the world number-two with a rating of 2806 and the only player in the field with a current rating over 2800. Judging by his rating and his dominant tournament performances in the last few months, he is one of the big favorites to win.

This will be his third Candidates Tournament, but opponents may point to his last one as a sign of weakness. Although he finished fifth in the last Candidates despite being one of the favorites, letting slip no fewer than four losses, his fans will likely point to the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the two Chinese players, Ding and GM Wang Hao, who experienced unique challenges with their preparation.

Fast-forward to 2022. Needing to play 26 games before May, he proved what he was made of by finishing first in every over-the-board tournament he's played in this year: the Hangzhou quadruple round-robin, a six-game match againstGM Wei Yi (currently world number-22), and finally the Second Hangzhou Asian Games Qualifier. With these recent successes and surely the desire to make up for the last Candidates, we can expect to see a motivated-like-never-before Ding.

His performances in the online chess scene have been no less impressive, by the way. Notably, he won the 2022 Chessable Masters after defeating Carlsen in their head-to-head match. Earlier, in 2021, he also showed great fighting spirit by taking the king of the Speed Chess Championship, Nakamura, all the way to the final armageddon game. Although Ding lost in the end, he played one of the greatest matches in SCC history and had chances to win at virtually every turn. After the match, the winner said: "I thought this was the hardest match I'd playedand that includes the match I lost to Magnus, by the way."

I thought this was the hardest match I'd playedand that includes the match I lost to Magnus, by the way.

GM Hikaru Nakamura

Carlsen expressed before the 2021 World Championship that he considered Ding one of his two serious challenges. Ding was undefeated for 100 classical games, a record until Carlsen surpassed it in 2019. And no need to worry about his chances in a playoff; his win over Carlsen in the 2019 Sinquefield Cup to win the entire event should be a dreadful omen to any of his potential opponents.

GM Alireza Firouzja is the youngest player in the field at only age 18 (he will turn 19 on the second day of the Candidates), but don't let this fool youhe is arguably the most talented player in the history of the game and has been focusing on virtually nothing but preparing for this tournament since his qualification in 2021.

The youngest player to ever break 2800 and the world number-three is, at the moment, the greatest representative of the AlphaZero generation. With computers available since his birth, he and his fellow youngsters simply think about the game differently than those who had to learn the game without a silicon assistant.

He is already on pace to possibly outdo Carlsen in the long run, having already achieved the 2800 rating earlier than the current world champion. He's also the second-youngest to reach 2700, behind Wei Yi. Carlsen has spoken highly of Firouzja on several occasions, especially after his 3015-rating performance at the European Team Chess Championship 2021, saying he was "really impressed with his performance in the Grand Swiss and in the European Team Championship.... That motivated me more than anything else."

While there are many games to choose from, the following game from the FIDE Chess.com Grand Swiss is a display of pure dominance, a precursor to his rise to the world number-two spot.

Indeed, some will remember GM Garry Kasparov predicted that GM Vladimir Kramnik would succeed him. While Carlsen has made no such explicit prediction yet, he has indicated that he looks forward to the challenge of playing the prodigy more than any other contender in this event.

Some may argue that Firouzja's last event is a sour reminder of the prodigy's youth and inexperience. You may look at his seventh-place finish (out of 10) at the Superbet Chess Classic Romania and see weakness, a far cry from his first-place victory at the FIDE Chess.com Grand Swiss 2021 not long before. Looking at the crosstable, however, shows that he still finished higher than Nepomniachtchi (who won the last Candidates) and Rapport (another contender in this article).

Firouzja actually has the best score against this field of any of the players, 9/16 or 56.25%. Although he has the smallest sample size of games (GM Fabiano Caruana has the most games at 54.5/101 or 53.96%), it raises the point that he can (at least!) hold his own among these elite players.

Further, unlike most of the other players in this article, the French-Iranian super grandmaster has not been participating in almost any eventsonline or over the boardin the leadup to the Candidates. His absence from all chess events likely is due to his Candidates preparation, and we may speculate that he saved that preparation during the event in Romania. If this is the case, then his relatively poor score can be attributed to the fact that he's reserving his most powerful weapons for the Candidates.

Thus, Firouzja has a strong shot at winning the tournament, and I'll also add that even if he does not, he will likely return and win one in the future.

An obvious case can be made for someone who has already won a previous Candidates tournament. After having won the Candidates in 2018, this will be his fourth appearance at this elite event, making him one of the most experienced players in this format. According to many metrics which I describe below, Caruana is one of the clear favorites to win. Considering he would've been the world number-one for the entirety of 2018-2021 if Carlsen weren't around (among other points), the case for this one is a softball.

Surely his opponents will never forget Caruana's 2014 Sinquefield Cup win, where he won seven consecutive games (including against the world champion), a run that hearkened to Fischer's sensational 6-0 match wins about a half-century before. His highest live rating was 2851.3 after this event, a number that nobody but Kasparov and Carlsen has ever been able to approach. He almost overtook Carlsen by rating in 2018, by the way, being rated 2832 and only three points lower than the world champion at the time. No other active player has done this, period.

After breaking into the top 10 at age 19, he's consistently stayed at or around there since, and he has been number two for longer than anyone else in this field. He first achieved it in 2014, but he stayed the world's number-two from 2018 all the way to 2021. The list of major tournaments he's won is larger than anyone else's in this field.

Known for his prolific opening knowledge and innovations, you can expect him to put pressure on his opponents early with either color. Once thought to be "weaker" in rapid, especially after his loss to Carlsen in the 2018 tiebreaks, he has now proven himself to be more than capable in this format in the Rapid Chess Championship online, taking the first two weekends in a row ahead of some of the world's best rapid players, including Nakamuraforeshadowing strong prospects if he needs to play a tiebreaker in this event or even against Carlsen in the future.

In addition, his FIDE blitz rating jumped over 100 points at the Superbet Rapid & Blitz Poland this year. This may become relevant if he reaches a playoff situation.

In the last Candidates tournament, Caruana was responsible for a turning point in the event. This stunning win over GM Maxime Vachier-Lagrave allowed him to jump into second place, and although in hindsight we know Nepo ended up winning, the 2018 challenger did pose a veritable threat in the second half.

Carlsen has said about the first American to play a world title match since Fischer: "Ive long felt that Caruana has the strength to be almost at my level, but he hasnt been stable enough." If the stars align, the third highest-rated player in history will surely be a force to reckon with.

GM Ian Nepomniachtchi is probably best known these days for having just played Carlsen in the last world championship match. He is also well known for his aggressive style and very quick calculation ability, sometimes winning games with close to all his time left on the clock. For the last challenger, the essential argument is pretty easy: he's done it before and he can do it again.

One weakness that Carlsen and others have brought up in the past is Nepo's stamina in longer events. Indeed, the two-time Russian champion started off his last bid for the world title very well but seemed to run out of energy after game six.

Being split into two halves likely helped him win the last Candidates tournament, admittedly. On the other hand, winning an event of this caliber under any circumstances is a lifetime achievement and a testament to the Nepo's strength.

While his blunders from the 2021 World Chess Championship are still fresh on everyone's mind, a look at the previous Candidates should fill Nepo's fans with hope. The following win against GM Anish Giri displayed the tournament winner's aggressive nature as he gunned for the win with Black coupled with the ability to convert technically difficult endgames.

The way he broke the fortress with queen vs. rook and knight in the following game is the single most standout game in the last Candidates for me.

Russia's number-one player was one of the few players in the world to have a plus score against Carlsen (at least until their 2021 match). Winning the 2002 World Junior Championship, Nepo is the second player to ever win both the Under-12 World Championship and the Candidates tournament (the other being GM Sergey Karjakin).

GM Richard Rapport has been known for many years for his quirky opening choices. While this is his first Candidates, his recent performance at the 2022 FIDE Grand Prix (where he finished second behind Nakamura) instills great hopes for his fans.

Rapport has been a world-class player for a while now, and while the Candidates will surely be an uphill climb for him, he has recently shown the propensity to outplay other strong 2700+ players.

The recently Romanian player is arguably the most creative and unpredictable player in the field, and he'll be impossible to prepare against. We can expect some of the most exciting openings in the event to be in his games, and some careful preparation and a bit of luck can potentially lead to wins over his esteemed opponents.

He recently employed the Alapin Opening against GM Leinier Dominguez at the 2022 Superbet Chess Classic Romania, an opening that this author humbly admits to having never heard of or seen before this game:

While he's seemed a bit unmotivated in very recent interviews, we must also acknowledge that he was just at his peak rating of 2776 (and world number-five) in April, and his rating is still close to that now. He has dropped about 10 points, but if he continues the positive trend we've been observing, we should see the greatest chess he's ever played at this tournament. An in-form ~2770 player is fully capable of winning the Candidates.

In addition, Rapport has a unique thirst for victory that arguably many other players, even in this field, do not have. Fresh in our minds still is his speculative and insanely risky 30.Qe5!! against GM Dmitry Andreikin in the FIDE Grand Prix second leg final playoffs. With this being the best example, among many others, we can expect Rapport to keep fighting in positions where others may take a draw, a quality our reigning world champion himself is renowned for.

GM Hikaru Nakamura needs no introductionwith his illustrious career in both professional chess and streaming, he is one of the most recognizable names in the game. Despite taking a two-year hiatus from over-the-board chess, he has shown no signs of rust, has the fighting spirit it takes to win first in an elite tournament, and is one of the favorites to win a potential rapid tiebreak.

While many know him as a streamer today rather than as a full-time professional player, the youngest American grandmaster since GM Bobby Fischer (at the time, in 2003) was once the world number-two. This was only seven years ago when he stood at a rating of 2816. Not only has he consistently stayed in or around the top 10 since then, but he is currently at number two in the world in both rapid and blitzmind you, he hit number one in both formats earlier this year.

While some may say that rapid and blitz are completely irrelevant to the Candidates, this is not quite the case. Since faster tiebreaks will be introduced to the tournament this year, he will be a huge favorite if he reaches that stage.

Nakamura plays for the win and is unafraid to take risks if it means he may finish first. While there's a long list of tournaments he's finished first in, the most convincing one for my case has to be his first-place finish in the 2022 FIDE Grand Prix, despite being the 10th seed going in. In a tournament where second place is as good as lastif what matters most is the chance at playing for the world titlewe can expect fighting chess from the five-time U.S. champion.

When selecting from Nakamura's oeuvre of provocative openings, queen sacrifices, and spectacular moves, the hardest part was selecting just one game. I went with his third consecutive win from the 2022 FIDE Grand Prix third leg, where he won on demand several days in a rownot only to qualify for the Candidates but to finish first in the entire series.

While the game was ongoing, I will never forget a colleague mentioning that Nakamura's position was on the brink of disaster and that it was highly unlikely he'd find the engine's top move, 27...f5!?, to stay in the game. Somehow I'm still surprised every time this happens, and he not only slipped out of a perilous position but wona storyline regular readers of our articles are familiar with by now.

Nakamura shared in a recent Rapid Chess Championship interview: "I think the fact that its not make-or-break for me the way that it will be for pretty much every other player definitely helps me." He has also stated, on several occasions, the phrase that has become a meme by this point: "I literally don't care." With perhaps less pressure on himself than the others, this mindset already helped Nakamura in the FIDE Grand Prix.

The last point I'll make is that Nakamura draws strength from his fanbase, and this has been the case long before he became a popular streamer.

I truly believe that Nakamura plays better when he has great supportand when has he had a greater backing than now? Despite some of his blase statements about the Candidates ("I literally don't care"), he delivered gold in the Grand Prix. And with literally over a million people cheering for him now (if judging by the number of followers on YouTube and Twitch), he could not be more motivated.

GM Jan-Krzysztof Duda is the second-youngest player in this Candidates Tournament at age 24, the younger player being Firouzja. But he is not to be underestimated; the young Polish grandmaster qualified for this tournament by defeating Carlsen and then defeating Karjakin in the final of the 2021 World Cup. While he is the last seed in the event by rating, a rapidly improving young player like this one should never be written off, especially when he's been performing well in tournaments leading up to the Candidates.

I could have chosen to feature several games, but how could I not show the game where he ended the world champion's 125-game unbeaten streak (still the record) that spanned nearly three years? We begin with 27...Na7!, after which Duda's pieces flood into Carlsen's position.

Duda has proven himself to be a world-class player in several recent tournaments. He kicked off this year with a superb performance in the World Blitz Chess Championship, reaching the final tiebreak against Vachier-Lagrave. Although the Frenchman won the final encounter, Duda was already within reach of winning a world title.

Next, the 2018 Polish Champion won first place in two elite events this year: the Oslo Esports Cup, in which Carlsen participated, and the Superbet Rapid & Blitz Poland. He has become quite the sweetheart in Poland recently and surely his country's support, as well as his mother's, will propel him to continue the momentum forward.

One last point is that Duda fears no one. In a 2020 interview, he was excited to play Carlsen before he made his words come true: "When I beat him, I will feel like, Ok Im at the very, very top." This kind of confidence is seen in very few, and almost no one has the ability to follow through on such a bold statement. Having already shown his capacity to defeat the world's best player, we must wonder: What can't he do?

GM Teimour Radjabov sat out of the 2020-2021 Candidates due to Covid concerns. But as the oldest, most experienced player in the field at the age of 35, hes looking to avenge his previous Candidates absence and punch his ticket to the world title match.

While his name may be less familiar to some than others, he has impressed the chess world in recent years. Notably, he defeated Ding to win the 2019 FIDE World Cup, showing that he is capable of beating anyone in this esteemed field.

A child prodigy, and a grandmaster since age 14, he beat other world champions in his teenage years, including GMs Garry Kasparov, Viswanathan Anand, and Ruslan Ponomariov. Having reached a peak rating of 2793, if he performs at the same level as his career-best tournaments, winning the Candidates is certainly possible.

Admittedly, Radjabov has a reputation for being very solid and safe. He's caught a fair share of criticism from Carlsen himself and others on social media for taking a spot from someone else supposedly more deserving.

Judging by the last Candidates tournament, if he manages to draw 11 games and score three wins, he could finish with the same score Nepo did last year. In a tournament this long, a player cannot normally expect to blast through the field the way Fischer did with a 6-0 score in his individual Candidates matches. Stability will win out in this marathon.

He is incredibly hard to beat and also prepares openings that seem innocuous but are surprisingly poisonous. When he is on his A-game, his technical play is as good as anyone else's in this field, and he is able to make the most of tiny advantages against strong opposition.

One last point is that Radjabov might be the best-prepared player of anyone in the field. He never revealed his preparation in the last Candidates, and because he's relatively inactive compared to the rest, he hasn't had to show what he cooked up in 2020. The lines he prepared for the last Candidates may still be valid, and he's had time to improve on them.

Many other candidates in this field have already surprised us simply by qualifying for the event, and surely the Azerbaijani may have a surprise of his own.

I hope you enjoyed my best efforts to make the case for every player in the most important tournament before the next world championship match. Who are you rooting for in the 2022 FIDE Candidates tournament? Let us know in the comments below!

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Who Will Win The Candidates: The Case For Each Player - Chess.com

A tale of two universities and two engines – Chess News

[Note that Jon Speelman also looks at the content of the article in video format, here embedded at the end of the article.]

Last Saturday, March 12th, I was at the RACsclubhouse (Royal Auromobile Club) in Londons Pall Mall for the annual Varsity match between Oxford and Cambridge Universities.

First played in 1873, this is the worlds oldest chess contest and was for years reported on in the pages of the famous Russian chess magazine 64. When I played for Oxford from 1975-7, Cambridge were in the ascendant and we lost all three matches: personally, I lost to Michael Stean and drew twice with Jonathan Mestel. These things swing over time, and at the moment its very close. Cambridge started as the Elo favourites, but after an endgame save in the last game to finish, Oxford ran out the winners by the narrowest possible margin of 4-3, with the overall score now 60-58 to Cambridge with 22 draws.

The 1921 Oxford team | Find more info at BritBase, John Saunders excellent games archive

The match has been at the RAC now for nearly half a century, with a dinner afterwards, and in recent years internet coverage and commentary on site. This years commentator was Mathew Sadler and for some of the afternoon I acted as sous-commentator, chatting with Matthew about the games.

At one stage I mentioned that I normally use Houdini as my analysis engine, but Matthew [pictured], who of course is immensely knowledgable about computer chess and has written extensively on Alpha Zero, told me that the latest version of Stockfish is much stronger. I therefore decided to switch to it as my default analysis engine in ChessBase, but Im now wondering (and of course this can be changed with the click of a mouse) whether I was right.

The question of course is how to use the analysis and assessments produced. Most computer engines (Alpha Zero and its daughter Leela are different) are giant bean counters which produce a maximin, maximizing the minimum score they get against the opponent's supposedly best play. Depending on the accuracy of the analysis and the size of the beans, the scores will vary, and while Houdini with its rating, I dunno, of 2700 or 2800 tends to bumble around with assessments quite close to zero,Stockfish thunders its pronouncements giving assessments like +/- 2.5 in positions which look to my human eye to be fairly but not entirely clear; and going up/down to +/- 6 or more when even my human eye can see that it oughtto be winning.

The Ruy Lopez Breyer Variation

Pavel Eljanov explains in depth what Gyula Breyer already saw in 1911 and what became an opening choice of the likes of Kasparov, Kramnik, Anand or Carlsen. The Breyer Variation, which is characterised by the knight retreat to b8.

The certainty is wondrous but rather unsettling. When I was a kid, I no doubt made the mistake of trying to play the best moves. Nowadays, of course, I know better, and while I will stop and indeed try to work out the best solution in an obviously utterly critical position, most of the time I poddle along choosing decent moves without worrying too much about whether there are better ones. To do this, Ive created a story for myself that I can quickly select goodish moves in reasonable positions (of course its much harder if youre under heavy pressure). But gazing into the face of God, I have to be careful not to be blinded and to undermine this essential fiction.

So Im still thinking about what to do. Perhaps with enough time available I should use both, analysing both with St Houdini and the deity Stockfish. Certainly when Im streaming I try much of the time to use my own carbon-based resources and sometimes dip into a fairly hobbled version of Stockfish which isnt too scary. But occasionally, when I want to know the truth I turn to My Lord Sesse (the Norwegian-based fusion of Stockfish and ridiculously powerful hardware).

One point I should make in general is not to take too much notice of computer assessments, even if they are right. They are extremely relevant to the worlds top players when they are doing opening preparation, but for the rest of us they are just a tool. In particular, Ive noticed that when people check their games after playing online, there are some engines which dish out ??s like confetti. Of course people do play some terrible moves, especially at blitz, but ?? should mean a move that loses a piece or maybe even a rook or at a higher level makes a complete mess of the position. It shouldnt mean that the assessment has dropped drastically without in human terms affecting the result.

One reason I go to the Varsity match is to help choose the Best Game and Brilliancy Prize often with Ray Keene, in this case with Matthew. Both receive works by the artist Barry Martin and, in this case, since the Brilliancy Prize was shared, both players got prints.

Cambridge team: back, left to right: Miroslav Macko, Matthew Wadsworth, Imogen Camp, Harry Grieve. Front, left to right: Jan Petr, Declan Shafi (captain), Ognjen Stefanovic, Koby Kalavannan. | Photo: John Saunders

For the best game, we decided on the board 1 win by Oxford, and Ive annotated it, out of interest, using both engines. Ive given them a fairly short time to make an assessment, so they might have changed their minds had they worked for a longer period of time but this experimentnonetheless gives an indication of the huge difference between them.

Select an entry from the list to switch between games

Understanding Middlegame Strategies Vol.3 - The Hedgehog

Throughout my playing career I have found the Hedgehog one of the most difficult type of positions to master. The basic aim of this video is to improve understanding of these complex positions and to help tournament players score better.

Continued here:
A tale of two universities and two engines - Chess News

AlphaZero (And Other!) Chess Variants Now Available For Everyone – Chess.com

Six new variants, including four from the recent AlphaZero paper,are now available for all Chess.com members to try. They can be found at Chess.com/variants.

The recent scientific paper from Google's DeepMind, co-written by 14th world chess champion Vladimir Kramnik, caused quite a stir. The nine variants that were tested bythe self-learning chess engine AlphaZero were discussed widely in the chess world.

Now, four of them can be played on Chess.com. Three other variants are now available on our site as well. Here's an overview, starting with the AlphaZero ones:

This is a variant that's easy to understand and possibly closest to regular chess: castling is not allowed, and that's it. As GM Magnus Carlsen remarked this weekend, he would have answered GM Hikaru Nakamura's Bongcloud 1.e4 e5 2.Ke2(which Naka played against GM Jeffery Xiong) with 2...Ke7 and after 3.Ke1 Ke8 you have No Castling chess.

But it's safer to play the variant itself, now available on our site so that you don't run the risk of playing that Bongcloud and getting an opponent that doesn't play along and smashes you instead.

Play No Castling chess here.

This variant was called Self-capture in the DeepMind paper. It basically allows you to take your own pieces as well, in addition to your opponent's pieces. You can imagine positions where it makes sense for a rook to take the pawn in front of it because opening a line could be (much) more valuable than that pawn.

Kramnik was very enthusiastic about this variant. He wrote:"I like this variation a lot, I would even go as far as to say that to me this is simply an improved version of regular chess.... Regardless of its relatively minor effect on the openings, self-captures add aesthetically beautiful motifs in the middlegames and provides additional options and winning motifs in endgames."

Play Capture Anything here.

On Friday, September 18, Chess.com hosted a round-table discussion with GM Vladimir Kramnik, IM Danny Rensch, and researchers of DeepMind discussing their latest paper in which AlphaZero explores chess variants. Here it is for replay:

This is possibly the most complicated variant of all: pawns are not only allowed to run forward but also sideways.As Kramnik wrote, "Even after having looked at how AlphaZero plays Pawnside chess, the principles of play remain somewhat mysteriousit is not entirely clear what each side should aim for. The patterns are very different, and this makes many moves visually appear very strange, as they would be mistakes in classical chess."

Play Sideways Pawns here.

Torpedo speeds up the game as here pawns can move by one or twosquares anywhere on the board. (In standard chess, only in the starting position are they allowed to move two squares.) Interestingly, en passant canconsequently happen anywhereon the board. But the biggest difference is that games become more tacticalcompared to standard chess. Watch those pawns.

Play Torpedo here.

Besides the four variants tested by AlphaZero, three other variants have been made available this week as well. Fog of War, also known as Dark Chess, has been the most popular so far. It is a variant where the main novelty is lack of information:you can only see the squares where your pieces or pawns can move and attack.

Play Fog of War here.

If you want to remove any information (instead of the board itself, which you'll need to play), you can try Blindfold chess. In addition to being a fun challenge, this could be a good way to train your visualization skills.

Playing blindfold chess has such a rich history that there's a separate Wikipedia page on it as well as a page in our Terms section. In the 1990s and early 2000s, the Melody Amber tournament had top grandmasters play blindfold chess behind a laptop for which special software was created. If the tournament were to be re-instated, they could just log into Chess.com.

Play Blindfold chess here.

Last but not least, Chess.com has added the variant Chaturanga. Speaking of history, this ancient Indian board game is in fact considered to be a common ancestor to chess.

So what are the rules? Well, for starters, the pieces have different names. The king is Raja, the queenFerz, the rook Ratha, the bishop Alfil, the knight Ashva, and the pawnBhata.The Ferz is much weaker is it can only move one square diagonally.The Alfil jumps two squares diagonally. Other than that, the pawns can only move one square and castling does not exist.

Play Chaturanga chess here.

This is not all. As some of Chess.com's programmers go pretty wild about variants, they are now working on a project called Custom variants, where members can mix and match rules to make their own variant.

That would be perfect for GM Levon Aronian, who already came up with something. He recently stated that he would like to try Capture Anything but limit captures to the heavy pieces. Soon, he might be able to create Aronian Chess on Chess.com.

Interested in trying out the new variants? Find them at Chess.com/variants.

See also:

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AlphaZero (And Other!) Chess Variants Now Available For Everyone - Chess.com