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GitHub just published its 2017 Open Source Survey. The popular social coding service surveyed over 5,500 members of its community, from over 3,800 projects on github.com. It also spoke to 500 coders working on projects from outside the GitHub ecosystem.

The Open Source Survey asked a broad array of questions. One that caught my eye was about problems people encounter when working with, or contributing to, open source projects. An incredible 93 percent of people reported being frustrated with incomplete or confusing documentation.

Thats hardly a surprise. There are a lot of projects on Github with the sparsest of descriptions, and scant instruction on how to use them. If you arent clever enough to figure it out for yourself, tough.

Thats unfortunate. People dont quite realize how vital documentation is to the success of a project.

Mike Pope, a well-respected technical writer, once summed up the need for documentation thusly:

Weve been known to tell a developer If it isnt documented, it doesnt exist. Not only does it have to be docd, but it was to be explained and taught and demonstrated. Do that, and people will be excited not about your documentation, but about your product.

I came across another brilliant quote about documentation from Stack Overflow founder Jeff Attwoods blog, this time by JavaScript developer Nicholas Zakas.

Lack of documentation. No matter how wonderful your library is and how intelligent its design, if youre the only one who understands it, it doesnt do any good. Documentation means not just autogenerated API references, but also annotated examples and in-depth tutorials. You need all three to make sure your library can be easily adopted.

But beyond the practical reasons for documentation, theres also the argument that it builds a sense of community. Not only do you know who your fellow collaborators are, and what theyve accomplished, theres also a clearly-defined sense of mission and purpose.

Heres how the Open Source Survey explained it (emphasis theirs):

Documentation helps create inclusive communities. Documentation that clearly explains a projects processes, such as contributing guides and codes of conduct, is valued more by groups that are underrepresented in open source, like women.

According to the Github Open Source Survey, 60 percent of contributors rarely or never contribute to documentation.And thats fine.

Documenting software is extremely difficult. People go to university to learn to become technical writers, spending thousands of dollars, and several years of their life. Its not really reasonable to expect every developer to know how to do it, and do it well.

And then theres the fact that twenty-five percent of open source contributors say they read and write English less than very well.

But theres a golden opportunity here.Id love to see the thought leaders in the industry Google and Github, if I have to point a finger step up.

Google just launched a free online course, trying to tempt language experts to become localizers. Why cant it do the same for writers, in order to teach them the skills required to write about software?

Similarly, GitHub couldlaunch a course aimed at introducing writers with no previous software development experience to Git.

Not only would this help solve the documentation drought, but it would also be a loud demonstration that you dont have to be a developer to contribute to open source.

Read next: Uber and Lyft are destroying Austin's driver-friendly rideshare economy

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Free software is suffering because coders don't know how to write documentation - TNW

TALLAHASSEE, Fla. Lucy McBath is afraid many more people will die if Florida Gov. Rick Scott signs a bill making it harder to prosecute when people claim they commit violence in self-defense.

She already lost her son, an unarmed black teenager, when a white man angry over loud music and claiming self-defense fired 10 times at an SUV filled with teenagers.

The measure before Scott would effectively require a trial-before-a-trial whenever someone invokes self-defense, making prosecutors prove the suspect doesnt deserve immunity.

Scott hasnt revealed his intentions, but hes a National Rifle Association supporter, and this is an NRA priority.

If it passes in Florida, then they take that same legislation and they push it on the legislative floors across the country, McBath said. Her 17-year-old son Jordan Davis was killed by Michael Dunn outside a Jacksonville convenience store in 2012.

Many states have long invoked the castle doctrine, allowing people to use even deadly force to defend themselves in their own homes.

Florida changed that in 2005, so that even outside a home, a person has no duty to retreat and can stand his or her ground anywhere they are legally allowed to be. Other states followed suit, and stand your ground defenses became much more common in pre-trial immunity hearings and during trials.

The 2012 killing of unarmed teenager Trayvon Martin by neighborhood watch volunteer George Zimmerman opened a debate about the limits of self-defense, and it hasnt let up since Zimmerman was acquitted of second-degree murder after jurors received instructions on Floridas stand your ground law.

Florida Republicans made this bill a priority after the state Supreme Court ruled in 2015 that the defendant has the burden of proof before trial. If Florida starts a national trend to shift that burden to prosecutors, itll be just fine with Republican Rep. Bobby Payne, who sponsored the bill.

Only four of the 22 or more state stand your ground laws mention this burden of proof in Alabama, Colorado, Georgia and South Carolina and all place it on defendants.

Its about following our right of innocent until proven guilty, Payne said. Its about Fifth Amendment rights, its about due process, its about having a true immunity, for when folks really believe theyre in imminent threat of great bodily harm or death, to defend themselves properly.

Senators originally wanted prosecutors to prove beyond a reasonable doubt before trial that self-defense didnt justify a violent crime. The final legislation lowered the threshold to clear and convincing evidence.

Either way, it makes prosecuting violent crimes more difficult, experts say.

I think there will be more false stand your ground claims, said former Broward County prosecutor Gregg Rossman, who has tried 65 murder cases. The pre-trial hearings are very much going to be like a mini-trial.

Proving a killer didnt act in self-defense when there are no living witnesses would be particularly hard, he said: I worry the most about the one-on-one cases. You and I get into an argument and I shoot you. Who speaks for you?

But public defenders say it should help people who were simply trying to defend themselves. Prosecutors often use the threat of minimum mandatory sentences to coerce people into accepting a plea deal even if their use of force was justified, said Stacy Scott, a public defender in Gainesville.

Its going to force them to deal more fairly with citizens who are charged with crimes, and will help our clients either get better plea offers or exonerate themselves earlier in the process so they dont have to wait until a jury trial and risk everything they have in order to litigate their case, Scott said.

McBath, who lives in Marietta, Georgia, believes the guilty will more likely escape convictions. It took two trials to convict her sons killer of murder.

Were just one out of so many, she said. Because we won our case, I honestly, honestly believe thats the reason why theyre putting these additional measures into stand your ground.

http://altustimes.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/web1_Capitol-cartoon-4.jpeg

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Altus Times | Florida could pave new changes in 'stand your ground ... - Altus Times

By Terri L. WilkinProgram Director for Legal Studies,AMU Special Contributor to In Homeland Security

On May 4, 2017, the Florida Senate passed, by a vote of 24 to 13, a new version of Floridas Stand Your Ground law, Senate Bill 128. The law had been approved by the Florida House in April.

One of the contentious points between the House and Senate bills was the standard of proof provision. The Florida Senate originally wanted the standard to be beyond a reasonable doubt, but the House approved the standard of clear and convincing evidence.

Clear and convincing evidence is the standard of proof between beyond a reasonable doubt (100% certainty) used in criminal cases and a preponderance of the evidence (51% or more likely than not) used in personal injury and tort cases.

This means that the state must produce evidence that is deemed substantially more likely than not (or more than 51% but less than 100%) that their case is true.

Florida Governor Scott Is Expected to Sign the Bill into Law

The bill is awaiting Governor Rick Scotts signature. If he signs it, the revised law will go into effect on July 1, 2017. Governor Scott (R) is a proponent of gun rights, making it a sure bet that he will sign the new version of the Stand Your Ground legislation into law. The law allows individuals to use deadly force if they reasonably believe that, by standing their ground and defending themselves with deadly force, they will prevent their bodily harm and/or death.

A JAMA Network study conducted from 2005 to 2014 found that since the inception of the law in 2005, there has been a 24.4% increase in the monthly homicide rates in Florida and a 31.6% increase in homicides by firearms. In states without a Stand Your Ground law, these rates remained flat, debunking the pro-gun advocates argument that the increase in homicides during the years under study was due to a crime wave.

The revised law shifts the burden of proof from the defendant to the prosecution. Moreover,

prosecutors may have to prove the case twice; once at the initial Stand Your Ground hearing and then again at trial if the defendant is not permitted initially to use that defense.

One of the problems prosecutors will face in cases when the defendant claims the Stand Your Ground defense and the individual he or she shot has died. How will the prosecutor prove that the defendant does not qualify for the Stand Your Ground defense when the victim is dead?

It is predicted that Florida will see a lot more shootings and an increase in defendants using Stand Your Ground as their defense. The statute is being dubbed the How to Get Away with Murder or the Shoot to Kill law.

About the Author Terri L. Wilkin graduated from the University of Marylands Francis King Carey School of Law in May 2007. Terri is admitted to practice law in the State of Maryland and the District of Columbia, and has been admitted in the Federal United States District Court for the District of Maryland. Prior to law school, she obtained a Master of Science dual degree from the Johns Hopkins University in Leadership and Finance/Accounting. Her 26-year career with the Maryland State Police includes assignments in patrol, criminal and drug investigations, white collar crime, intelligence work, training, the Deputy Director of the Planning and Research Division, and as the Department Prosecutor. She is also a Florida Licensed Private Investigator and a Managing Partner in an Investigative Consulting Firm.

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Florida Senate Passes New 'Stand Your Ground' Burden of Proof Law - In Homeland Security

Bill Cotterell 8:29 a.m. ET June 2, 2017

Bill Cotterell writes a column for the Tallahassee Democrat.(Photo: File)

A road rage incident near Disney almost six years ago resulted in a major piece of gun legislation awaiting Gov. Rick Scotts signaturein this years edition of a firearms panic.

It seems that almost every legislative session produces one. Recently, its been the guns on campus bills, aimed at letting concealed-weapon permit holders carry their weapons on college campuses. That one has failed in the past few sessions but its going to pass probably sooner, rather than later.

This years gun fright started with a family driving in Osceola County in 2011, when a driver almost sideswiped them and the driver stared at them in a threatening manner, subsequent court papers said. That driver aggressively swerved in front of them, slammed on the brakes, jumped out and advanced toward their car whereupon the tourist driver held up a holstered pistol.

The other guy, who was unarmed, returned to his truck, and it should have ended there. But another family member jumped from the back seat of the car with another gun and pointed it at the man in the truck, who called 911. So did the vacationing family and some passers-by.

When the cops arrived, they charged the gun-pointing man with aggravated assault with a firearm. He claimed immunity under Floridas stand your ground law, but lost in court.

Which brings us to Senate Bill 128. The man pointing the gun in that case presumably to keep the alleged aggressor at the scene until police arrived had the burden of proving that he was defending himself and others from likely death, injury or other criminal abuse.

It sounds like a common-sense defense but, you know lawyers.

So now the Legislature, at the behest of the National Rifle Association and other organizations generally described as Second Amendment defenders, has voted to shift the proof burden to the state in stand your ground cases. Assuming Scott signs the bill into law,state attorneys will have to prove, in future pretrial hearings, that defendants are not legally standing their ground, or defending their castles, against attackers.

The Legislature approved the change by roughly party-line votes, 74-39 in the House and 23-15 in the Senate. State attorneys want Scott to veto the bill, because theyve got the law the way they like it and dont want to change. Public defenders feel the other way, because theyd like any legal advantage than can get.

Whats lost in the discussion is that the bill will not free a bunch of murderers. If you stick up a liquor store and the clerk pulls a gun, so you shoot at him, you cant claim self-defense. You started it.

In fact, the words stand your ground dont even appear in the short statute bearing that name.

What does appear is language saying you cant legally use force to defend yourself against a cop who is properly detaining you. And SYG doesnt apply to anyone committing a criminal act, like a drug dealer safeguarding a stash, or robbing a competitor.

If the bill becomes law, it probably will result in more shooters claiming justifiable use of force. When youre facing a murder charge, why grasp at anything? When there are no witnesses, or the physical evidence is inconclusive, this will probably lead to some guilty people getting off.

But is that worse than what we have now innocent, or maybe-innocent, people having to choose between a prosecutors offer of three-to-10 on a plea deal, or risking 25-to-life, if they go to trial?

This is an old argument. Its interesting that the voices calling for a veto have been wrong before.

In 1987, when legislators passed the concealed carry law, they warned that Florida would become the wild, wild West. It wouldnt be safe to go outside, if law-abiding citizens were licensed to pack pistols in their pockets and never mind that criminals already conceal their guns.

Well, that didnt happen.

And in 2005, when they passed the stand your ground law, we heard it again. You could shoot the Avon lady. Panicky people would fire first, figure it out later, and walk free and never mind that the law says you must have a reasonable belief that you or others are in imminent danger, before using justifiable force.

Well, that didnt happen, either.

Bill Cotterell writes a column for the Tallahassee Democrat,part of USA TODAY NETWORK-FLORIDA, which includes The News-Press. Cotterellcan be contacted at bcotterell@tallahassee.com.

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Latest gun bill changes 'stand your ground' - The News-Press