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Researchers say they have found evidence of tissue damage caused by explosions alone, not by concussions or other injuries.

By ALAN SCHWARZ

How do you make the wrenching decision of whether to leave your home?

How do you make the wrenching decision of whether to leave your homeland?

By ALEXANDRIA BOMBACH

The governments muted response to a militias takeover of a giant lapis mine suggests an aligning of interests among insurgents and the political elite.

By MUJIB MASHAL

Mr. Gilkey was the first civilian American journalist killed in Afghanistan during the 15-year-long Afghan conflict.

By ROD NORDLAND

At the Kart-e-Sakhi cemetery, children hustle for tips, young lovers seek privacy, a cotton-candy seller circulates and cockfights are held every weekend.

By MUJIB MASHAL

An attack at a court in Logar on Sunday was revenge for recent executions of Taliban prisoners, a spokesman for the insurgents said.

An Afghan girls hunger for knowledge is stronger than the threat of an acid attack.

By NICHOLAS KRISTOF

With fewer civilian contractors for support, the Army has initiated a training program that goes back to the basics of military self-sufficiency.

By MICHAEL S. SCHMIDT

A report by Amnesty International said that many of the 1.2 million Afghans who have been forced from their homes were living in miserable conditions in camps.

By MUJIB MASHAL and ZAHRA NADER

European governments say the war in Afghanistan is over, but Afghans are leaving in record numbers.

By MAY JEONG

At least 25 policemen were killed over two days, officials said Monday, in the first major assaults in the province since the Taliban named a new leader.

What does the government owe its men and women in uniform who fall victim not to enemy fire but rather to decisions made by their commanders?

By CLYDE HABERMAN

The family of a driver who was killed alongside Taliban chief Mullah Akhtar Mansour in a drone strike in Pakistan has filed a case against American officials, seeking to press murder charges.

The number of veterans with multiple tours of combat duty is the largest in modern American history more than 90,000 soldiers and Marines.

By BENEDICT CAREY

I cant forget them or the mistakes I made. Nor should the leaders who sent us to war.

By J. KAEL WESTON

An adviser to the prime minister said the American drone strike that killed Mullah Akhtar Muhammad Mansour was a violation of Pakistans sovereignty.

By SALMAN MASOOD

Speaking at the Group of 7 summit meeting in Japan, President Obama emphasized that the United States continued to support Afghanistan's elected government.

By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS

Zakia and Mohammad Ali, whose families oppose their union because they are from different sects, are seeking a new life in the United States.

By MUJIB MASHAL

Americas killing by drone strike of an Afghan insurgent leader is a tempting tactic but bad strategy.

Researchers say they have found evidence of tissue damage caused by explosions alone, not by concussions or other injuries.

By ALAN SCHWARZ

How do you make the wrenching decision of whether to leave your home?

How do you make the wrenching decision of whether to leave your homeland?

By ALEXANDRIA BOMBACH

The governments muted response to a militias takeover of a giant lapis mine suggests an aligning of interests among insurgents and the political elite.

By MUJIB MASHAL

Mr. Gilkey was the first civilian American journalist killed in Afghanistan during the 15-year-long Afghan conflict.

By ROD NORDLAND

At the Kart-e-Sakhi cemetery, children hustle for tips, young lovers seek privacy, a cotton-candy seller circulates and cockfights are held every weekend.

By MUJIB MASHAL

An attack at a court in Logar on Sunday was revenge for recent executions of Taliban prisoners, a spokesman for the insurgents said.

An Afghan girls hunger for knowledge is stronger than the threat of an acid attack.

By NICHOLAS KRISTOF

With fewer civilian contractors for support, the Army has initiated a training program that goes back to the basics of military self-sufficiency.

By MICHAEL S. SCHMIDT

A report by Amnesty International said that many of the 1.2 million Afghans who have been forced from their homes were living in miserable conditions in camps.

By MUJIB MASHAL and ZAHRA NADER

European governments say the war in Afghanistan is over, but Afghans are leaving in record numbers.

By MAY JEONG

At least 25 policemen were killed over two days, officials said Monday, in the first major assaults in the province since the Taliban named a new leader.

What does the government owe its men and women in uniform who fall victim not to enemy fire but rather to decisions made by their commanders?

By CLYDE HABERMAN

The family of a driver who was killed alongside Taliban chief Mullah Akhtar Mansour in a drone strike in Pakistan has filed a case against American officials, seeking to press murder charges.

The number of veterans with multiple tours of combat duty is the largest in modern American history more than 90,000 soldiers and Marines.

By BENEDICT CAREY

I cant forget them or the mistakes I made. Nor should the leaders who sent us to war.

By J. KAEL WESTON

An adviser to the prime minister said the American drone strike that killed Mullah Akhtar Muhammad Mansour was a violation of Pakistans sovereignty.

By SALMAN MASOOD

Speaking at the Group of 7 summit meeting in Japan, President Obama emphasized that the United States continued to support Afghanistan's elected government.

By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS

Zakia and Mohammad Ali, whose families oppose their union because they are from different sects, are seeking a new life in the United States.

By MUJIB MASHAL

Americas killing by drone strike of an Afghan insurgent leader is a tempting tactic but bad strategy.

Original post:
Afghanistan - The New York Times

The en banc opinion by the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals could set up a new showdown on gun rights at the Supreme Court.

At issue was California's law on concealed weapons, which requires citizens to prove they have "good cause" to carry concealed firearms to get a license. Plaintiffs challenged guidelines in San Diego and Yolo counties that did not consider general self-defense to be enough to obtain a license.

"The historical materials bearing on the adoption of the Second and Fourteenth Amendments are remarkably consistent," wrote Judge William Fletcher, going back to 16th century English law to find instances of restrictions on concealed weapons. "We therefore conclude that the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms does not include, in any degree, the right of a member of the general public to carry concealed firearms in public."

Fletcher also cited the most recent Supreme Court cases on gun rights, District of Columbia v. Heller and McDonald v. City of Chicago, which were major victories for gun rights activists, in making his case.

The Heller decision, authored by Justice Antonin Scalia, solidified a Second Amendment right of the public to keep guns, but it specifically noted the right was not absolute, and Fletcher pointed out that Scalia cited restrictions on concealed weapons as a historical example.

The court was careful to make the ruling narrow. The opinion does not say concealed weapons are unconstitutional, nor does it make any decisions about openly carrying weapons in public.

The case was a blow for gun rights advocates, and sets up the fight on gun rights for the Supreme Court to consider, says UCLA law professor and gun law expert Adam Winkler.

"This case raises the next great question for the Supreme Court: Does the Second Amendment guarantee a right to carry guns in public? And if so, what kind of licensing can states use to permit people to carry concealed weapons?" Winkler said.

The Supreme Court would not necessarily have to take up the case. The ruling does not create a substantive divide among different circuit courts in the U.S., one of the major factors the court considers in weighing which cases to take.

Four judges dissented from the ruling, with the main dissent by Judge Consuelo Callahan arguing that California's laws taken together amount to a substantial restriction on citizens' right to bear arms for self defense, as protected by the Second Amendment.

Whether the court does or does not take the case, the early 2016 death of Scalia looms large over it. Scalia authored Heller, the most substantial gun ruling in modern history of the court. And Republicans in the Senate have refused to consider President Barack Obama's nominee for replacing Scalia on the court, meaning the eight justice panel can split 4-4.

Without a ninth justice, Winkler said, it's unlikely the court would take up the case, even with Scalia's allies on the issue Justices Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas still on the court.

Obama's nominee to replace Scalia, Judge Merrick Garland, was chosen in large part for his moderate record. But one of the most substantial conservative arguments against Garland has been that his record on guns is too liberal, though his written record on the issue is limited.

A partner for the law firm that helped argue on behalf of Peruta said that the plaintiffs were "disappointed" with the ruling but not surprised. He also said appealing to the Supreme Court is not a guarantee yet.

"An appeal to the Supreme Court is possible," said Chuck Michel, senior partner at Michel and Associates. "But significantly, the Peruta decision specifically avoided answering the critical legal question of whether, if concealed carry is prohibited, some form of open carry of firearms must be allowed. California law bans open carry, so the constitutionality of that ban will now have to be tested."

The case was primarily argued by Paul Clement, a former solicitor general under the George W. Bush administration and one of the top litigators for conservative causes at the Supreme Court in recent years.

Ever since the Supreme Court decided the Heller decision and a follow up case two years later, the Supreme Court has declined to take another major second amendment case, a frustration Clement cited in a 2013 filing with the court.

In the years since Heller had been decided many expected a "major consideration" or extant firearms laws, Clement wrote. "Instead, jurisdictions have engaged in massive resistance to the clear import of those landmark decisions, and the lower federal courts, long out of the habit of taking the Second Amendment seriously, have largely facilitated that resistance."

California state Attorney General Kamala Harris said the decision "is a victory for public safety and sensible gun safety laws. The ruling ensures that local law enforcement leaders have the tools they need to protect public safety by determining who can carry loaded, concealed weapons in our communities."

See the rest here:
there is no Second Amendment protection for ... - cnn.com

Contemporary Examples

After all, the interventions in Guatemala and other places were carried out for a noble causestopping the spread of communism.

After World War II, anxiety turned more toward the Cold War threat of communism.

For the anti-Semite, both capitalism and communism are Jewish plots.

Keynes well understood the attractions of communism to the affluent young.

The absence of those rights, she said in her speech, is an abuse of power and principle equal to slavery or communism.

Historical Examples

Much, no doubt, could be done even by what is now called communism, but what in earlier days was called Christianity.

An early form of communism with a sort of military-priesthood at the top.

communism, Socialism abolish private property and push us back into Collectivism.

communism possesses a language which every people can understand.

I hasten to say, that if Protection can be and ought to be likened to communism, it is not that which I am about to attack.

British Dictionary definitions for communism Expand

advocacy of a classless society in which private ownership has been abolished and the means of production and subsistence belong to the community

any social, economic, or political movement or doctrine aimed at achieving such a society

(usually capital) a social order or system of government established by a ruling Communist Party, esp in the former Soviet Union

(often capital) (mainly US) any leftist political activity or thought, esp when considered to be subversive

communal living; communalism

Word Origin

C19: from French communisme, from communcommon

Word Origin and History for communism Expand

"social system based on collective ownership," 1843, from French communisme (c.1840) from commun (Old French comun; see common (adj.)) + -isme (see -ism). Originally a theory of society; as name of a political system, 1850, a translation of German Kommunismus (itself from French), in Marx and Engels' "Manifesto of the Communist Party." Cf. communist. In some cases in early and mid-20c., a term of abuse implying anti-social criminality without regard to political theory.

communism in Culture Expand

An economic and social system envisioned by the nineteenth-century German scholar Karl Marx. In theory, under communism, all means of production are owned in common, rather than by individuals (see Marxism and Marxism-Leninism). In practice, a single authoritarian party controls both the political and economic systems. In the twentieth century, communism was associated with the economic and political systems of China and the Soviet Union and of the satellites of the Soviet Union. (Compare capitalism and socialism.)

Read the rest here:
Communism | Define Communism at Dictionary.com

At the opposite end of the spectrum from capitalism, communism is an economic theory favoring a classless society and the abolition of private property.

Communism derives from the French commun (common). Ideally, according to communism, society shares all property in common, everyone shares the burden of labor, and everyone shares the profits of that labor. Or, as the German philosopher Karl Marx wrote, "From each according to his ability, to each according to his need." As a system of government, communism is often closer to a form of socialism, in which the state owns and operates industry on behalf of the people.

Definitions of communism

1

a form of communism developed in Cuba by Fidel Castro

the political and economic theories of Lenin which provided the guiding doctrine of the Soviet Union; the modification of Marxism by Lenin stressed that imperialism is the highest form of capitalism (which shifts the struggle from developed to underdeveloped countries)

a form of communism developed in China by Mao Zedong

the economic and political theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will ultimately be superseded by communism

the form of communism advocated by Leon Trotsky; calls for immediate worldwide revolution by the proletariat

an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group or nation

Read more here:
communism - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com

Any ideology based on the communal ownership of all property and a classless social structure, with economic production and distribution to be directed and regulated by means of an authoritative economic plan that supposedly embodies the interests of the community as a whole. Karl Marx is today the most famous early theoretician of communism, but he did not invent the term or the basic social ideals, which he mostly borrowed and adapted from the less systematic theories of earlier French utopian socialists -- grafting these onto a philosophical framework Marx derived from the German philosophers Hegel and Feuerbach, while adding in a number of economic theories derived from his reinterpretation of the writings of such early political economists such as Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, and David Ricardo. In most versions of the communist utopia, everyone would be expected to co-operate enthusiastically in the process of production, but the individual citizen's equal rights of access to consumer goods would be completely unaffected by his/her own individual contribution to production -- hence Karl Marx's famous slogan "From each according to his ability; to each according to his need." The Marxian and other 19th century communist utopias also were expected to dispense with such "relics of the past" as trading, money, prices, wages, profits, interest, land-rent, calculations of profit and loss, contracts, banking, insurance, lawsuits, etc. It was expected that such a radical reordering of the economic sphere of life would also more or less rapidly lead to the elimination of all other major social problems such as class conflict, political oppression, racial discrimination, the inequality of the sexes, religious bigotry, and cultural backwardness -- as well as put an end to such more "psychological" forms of suffering as alienation, anomie, and feelings of powerlessness.

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Communism: A Glossary of Political Economy Terms - Dr ...